India’s Energy Diplomacy in Eurasia : Geopolitical and Geo-economic Perspectives

This book provides an accurate evaluation of re-integration of Eurasia in the context of India’s energy security and diplomacy which requires a normative shift as in the current Eurasian geopolitical and geo-economic matrix, the growing role of transit countries and their proximity with the Energy Complex Zone negates the fact that great powers or strong states control the Eurasian Heartland. Authors believe that wrecking this norm is fundamental here to deconstruct the undercurrents of energy geopolitics prevailing in Eurasia over the emerging phenomenon, as it discourages the re-integration of the Eurasian region. It explores how the geopolitical struggle between major powers for energy resources has been engendering mutual interdependencies between energy producers and transit countries. It makes an attempt to provide a transcontinental study of Eurasian energy and connectivity as a thrust area for the present work positioning Eurasia in Indian foreign policy, determining the contours of energy diplomacy in connection with the Eurasian energy policy. It defines Eurasia broadly as the region that encompasses Central Asia and the Caucasus including Russia and transit countries. It addresses the geopolitical and geo-economic aspects of Eurasian re-integration in the context of India’s energy security. The objective of this book is to combine theoretical, contemporary, and policy-oriented issues that deserve scholarly attention and would both complement and supplement the academic contributions. Preface About This Book Contents Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables 1 Theoretical Underpinnings of Energy Security and Energy Diplomacy in Global Context: Reconnoitring India’s Position Energy Security and Energy Diplomacy: Intertwined Concepts Contextualizing Energy Security Why “Diplomacy”? Energy Diplomacy: Shaping the Foreign Policy Rise of Globalization of Energy: Changing Paradigms of Global Energy Governance Major Structural Changes in Global Energy Regime Growing Phenomenal Role of Global Energy Governing Institutions Regional Energy Governance Structural Changes in the Emerging Economies in the Asian Super-Complex Growing Role of National Oil Companies (NOCs) Expanding Network of Pipelines and the Changing Face of Transit Countries Rising Climate Change Concerns Global Energy Governance: An Unlikely Concept Persistent Problems Reconnoitering India’s Position on Global Energy Issues: An Overview of Its Governing Capacity References 2 Identifying and Addressing India’s Energy Challenges: A Policy Assessment Profiling India’s Energy Potential: Oil and Gas Sector Sectorial Snapshot of Oil and Gas Landscape in India—Pertaining Issues Upstream Sector Mapping India’s Engagement in Global Energy Landscape Natural Gas Demand-Supply Scenario Midstream and Downstream Sector Subsidization and Pricing Issue—A Political-Bluff Governmental Consumer-oriented Initiatives Indian Energy Policy: A Domestic Perspective Policy Perspectives and Visions An Appraisal References 3 India’s Quest for Energy Security in Eurasia: A Conceptual Assessment of Energy Diplomacy Eurasia: The Pivot of Indian Foreign Policy India’s Defensive Realism in Eurasian Energy Theatre: A Theoretical Underpinnings Eurasia: A Matter of Importance? India’s Re-orientation Towards Eurasia—Rationales Conceptualizing Eurasia in India’s Energy Diplomacy Understanding of India’s Eurasian Policy Through Paradigmatic Model 1990s: Paradigm of Self-reliance and Re-adjustments 2000–10: Paradigm of Strategic Realization and Re-alignments Onwards: Paradigm of Geopolitical Developments and Geo-economic Reorientations References 4 Eurasia Factor in India’s Energy Diplomacy: Paradigmatic Shifts in Corridor Approach to Connectivity India’s Energy Diplomacy Towards Eurasia: Connectivity and Pipelines Chabahar Port INSTC: Corridor for Energy Potential Trade India’s Import and Export with INSTC Countries in Petroleum Products Pipelines Pipedreams SCO India’s Energy Business-shafts Interest Convergence Analysis: Knitting India into Eurasian Framework References 5 India and Eurasia Economic Cooperation: Analyses of Trends and Potentials Economic Institutionalization Between India and Eurasia India and Eurasia: Status and Structure of Economies India and Eurasia: FDI Inflows Trade Between India and Eurasia India’s Trade Trends with Eurasian Countries Trade Concentration Index India’s Investment in Eurasia Challenges of Economic Relations Between India and Eurasia India and Eurasia: Economic Potential Areas Conclusion References 6 Indo-Eurasia Relations: Contextualizing the Energy Economics Indo-Eurasia: Energy Complementarities and Cooperation World’s Energy Profile India’s Energy Profile Eurasia’s Energy Profile Indian and Eurasian Republics: Energy Economics India’s Energy Quest: Regional Geopolitical Challenges Way Forward References 7 Energy Geopolitics of Eurasia: Challenges and Options for India’s Energy Diplomacy Existing Uncertainties: How Energy Is Inducing Geopolitical Antagonism? Energy Geopolitics: “Geopolitical Uncertainty Determines Interests?” Multi-Vector Approach of Energy Complex Zone Countries towards Major Powers Kazakhstan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Azerbaijan Major Powers to Pivot Eurasia: Deconstructing Energy Geopolitics Russia’s Pivot to Eurasia The US-EU’s Pivot to Eurasia China’s Pivot to Eurasia India’s Pivot to Eurasia: Challenges and Options Challenges Landlockedness and Within Eurasia Iran’s Dichotomy Over Chabahar Port Sino-Pak-[Russia] Axis The US-Dilemma and Afghan Problem In-India Problems and Weak Borders The Phenomenon of Oversimplifying the Concept of “Energy Security” Options References Index