India and the European Union in a Turbulent World

The book examines how the European Union, which in the past had tended to be seen by India as an undervalued partner, is now increasingly part of most conversations in fields like the economy, technology, standards, best practices, development, defence and security. The book shows that the renewed focus on Europe is the result of changing geopolitics, India’s own priorities, Europe’s growing relevance in the post-Brexit era, China’s expanding footprint in the continent, and the search for alternatives to the loss of the UK as the gateway to Europe. The uncertainty inherent in the Brexit process and with the UK ceasing/having ceased to be the traditional gateway to Europe, India has been compelled to revisit, re-examine and rethink its own policies towards Europe and search for alternatives to Britain. Introduction 6 References 13 Contents 15 Notes on Contributors 17 Abbreviations 21 Chapter 1: India, the European Union and the World Order 24 Views of the World Order 25 Campaign Views 28 Symbolic Acts 29 Climate Shock 30 Personal Biases 31 Different Ways 31 Divided America 32 Moderates Purged 34 Tehran and Tariffs 34 The European Union: The Foe 36 European and Indian Responses 38 Handling Trump 38 European Unity 39 India and the EU 40 References 43 Chapter 2: India, the European Union and the Postwar Liberal Order 49 Introduction 49 Liberal International Order: Definition and Evolution 51 European Union and India in the Liberal International Order 53 The EU and India as Natural Partners in the Liberal Order? 56 The EU, India and the Rules-Based Order 58 The EU, India and the Trade Order 61 The EU, India and Human Rights and Democracy 66 The EU, India and the Non-proliferation Order 71 Conclusion 72 References 76 Chapter 3: India, the European Union and Global Trade Governance 81 Introduction 81 India, the European Union and WTO Negotiations 83 The European Union and the Reform of the WTO 86 India and the Reform of the WTO 88 Conclusions 90 References 92 Chapter 4: The European Union and India in Global Financial Governance 96 Introduction 96 Global Financial Governance 97 The EU and Global Financial Governance 99 India and Global Financial Governance 101 Institutional Change in Global Finance 102 Reform of the International Monetary Fund 102 G20 and The Financial Stability Board 104 International Financial Regulations 104 The Basel Accords 105 International Financial Reporting Standards 106 Conclusion 106 References 107 Chapter 5: Brexit and India-UK Relations 111 India and the Brexit Vote 111 Bilateral Status Before Brexit 113 Anglosphere Delusion 114 Revival Attempt 115 New Delhi Prepares for Brexit 118 Conclusion 122 References 123 Chapter 6: India-EU Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement: Process, Issues, Prospects 128 Introduction 128 Compulsions 129 The Process 131 The Negotiations 133 Confidentiality in Negotiations 134 The Issues 135 Agriculture 135 Automobiles 136 Wines and Spirits 136 Drugs and Pharmaceuticals 136 Services 137 Intellectual Property Rights 138 Sustainable Development and Human Rights 138 Bilateral Investment Treaties 139 Role of Civil Society 139 India as a Sui Generis Case 140 Brexit and the India-EU FTA 141 Prospects 143 Conclusion 144 References 145 Chapter 7: India, the European Union and Counter-Terrorism: Shifting Paradigms, New Cooperation 146 International Terrorism: Definition and Recognition as Threat to International Peace and Security 146 Rise of Non-state Actors and International Terrorist Groups: Impact on India and EU 148 Evolving International Responses: UN Security Council Resolution (SCR) 1267 and Status of Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT) 150 Cooperation in Counter-Terrorism 152 Joint Working Groups on Counter-Terrorism: Evolving Cooperation 155 Structure 155 Duration 157 The Pakistan Factor 158 Terrorist Funding 159 The Pulwama Attack, February 2019 161 The Way Forward 162 References 164 Chapter 8: India-EU Partnership for Security: Through the Prism of Nuclear Non-proliferation 166 Introduction 166 ‘Natural Partners’, But Not on Nuclear Issues: 1950s to 1990s 169 Signs of Change in India-EU Relations: The 2000s to the Present 172 Evolution of EU Non-Proliferation Policy 172 India, the EU and Dual-Use Goods 175 Issues of Convergence and Possibilities of Nuclear Cooperation between India and the EU 176 The Iranian Imbroglio 176 The Knotty North Korean Issue 178 Nuclear Export Controls 179 Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy 180 Nuclear Disarmament 180 Conclusion 181 References 183 Chapter 9: India and the European Union: A Dialectical Approach to Human Rights 186 Contrasting Approaches to UN Human Rights Mechanisms 186 The Human Rights Council 188 Can India Be a Human Rights Leader? 190 India, Pakistan and the EU at the 1994 Human Rights Council 191 The Strategic Partnership and Human Rights 192 The Right to Protect 194 The Human Rights Dialogue: A Non-Starter? 195 Civil Society and Human Rights 197 Terrorism and Human Rights 198 EU Strategy on India (2018) and a Pragmatic Approach to Human Rights and Trade 198 Human Rights and the BTIA 200 The Way Forward 201 References 203 Chapter 10: India, the European Union and Climate Change: The Paris Agreement and After 205 Introduction 205 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 206 India’s Role in Climate Change 207 The EU’s Role in the Global Climate Regime 210 EU Domestic Actions in Climate Change 213 Joint Cooperation on Climate Change 216 EU-India Technical Cooperation Project 216 Conclusion and the Way Ahead 217 References 218 Chapter 11: Indian and European Responses to Migration and Refugee Crises 222 Introduction 222 The Scale of Migration 223 Refugees, Migration and Displacement in India 224 Refugees, Migration and Displacement in Europe 225 Indian and European Responses to Migration: A Comparison 226 Conclusion 230 References 233 Index 235 Front Matter ....Pages i-xxv India, the European Union and the World Order (Pramit Pal Chaudhuri)....Pages 1-25 India, the European Union and the Postwar Liberal Order (Patryk Kugiel)....Pages 27-58 India, the European Union and Global Trade Governance (Anna Wróbel)....Pages 59-73 The European Union and India in Global Financial Governance (Karina Jędrzejowska)....Pages 75-89 Brexit and India-UK Relations (Pramit Pal Chaudhuri)....Pages 91-107 India-EU Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement: Process, Issues, Prospects (Dinkar Khullar)....Pages 109-126 India, the European Union and Counter-Terrorism: Shifting Paradigms, New Cooperation (Bhaswati Mukherjee)....Pages 127-146 India-EU Partnership for Security: Through the Prism of Nuclear Non-proliferation (Manpreet Sethi)....Pages 147-166 India and the European Union: A Dialectical Approach to Human Rights (Bhaswati Mukherjee)....Pages 167-185 India, the European Union and Climate Change: The Paris Agreement and After (Vijeta Rattani)....Pages 187-203 Indian and European Responses to Migration and Refugee Crises (Sheetal Sharma)....Pages 205-217 Back Matter ....Pages 219-230