In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Environmental Agents: Current and Future Possibilities Part A: Survey of Test Systems (Nato Conference Series, 5)

These two volumes contain the papers presented at a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Advanced Study Institute held on September 22-28, 1979 in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The conference was entitled "In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Environmental Agents: Current and Future Possibilities." This international conference presented an opportunity for the participants to exchange informa­ tion and ideas on the current approaches (both scientific and po­ litical) for toxic assessment of environmental agents. The poten­ tial health effects of these compounds as well as future needs in the environmental research field were discussed. The scientific content of the conference seminars included an overview of the various cellular, subcellular, organ, animal, and genetic systems which have been used to assess the health effects of environmental agents. The scientific principles behind short­ term assays and an evaluation of their applicability to health effects monitoring and analysis were investigated. Included among major topics were: (1) the biochemistry and pharmacology of selected environmental agents; (2) molecular mechanisms of car­ cinogenesis, mutagenesis, and transformation; (3) bacterial muta­ genesis and toxicity; (4) mammalian cell mutagenesis, toxicity, and transformation; (5) in vitro carcinogens and mutagens; (6) teratogenic and other developmental toxic effects; and (7) the development of short-term neuro-behavioral toxicity assays. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis and Chromosomal Carcinogenesis: A Summary Review....Pages 3-14 Molecular Principles Underlying the Ames Salmonella /Microsome Test: Elements and Design of Short-Term Mutagenesis Tests....Pages 15-39 Bacillus Subtilis Rec-Assay With and Without Metabolic Activation: Improvements and Applications....Pages 41-60 A Simple, Forward Selection Scheme for Independently Determining the Toxicity and Mutagenic Effect of Environmental Chemicals: Measuring Replicative Killing of Escherichia Coli by an Integrated Fragment of Bacteriophage Lambda DNA....Pages 61-77 The Use of Salmonella Bacteriophage P22 to Study the Multiple Mechanisms of Acridine-Induced Damage....Pages 79-109 Use of a Ciliated Protozoan as a Model System to Detect Toxic and Carcinogenic Agents....Pages 113-137 In Vivo Assay to Screen for Mutagens/Carcinogens in the Nematode C. Elegans ....Pages 139-150 The Maize-Microbe Bioassay: A Unique Approach to Environmental Mutagenesis....Pages 151-165 Mutagenicity of Ambient Air at Selected Sites in the United States Using Tradescantia as a Monitor....Pages 167-190 Tradescantia Micronuclei (Trad-MCN) Test For Environmental Clastogens....Pages 191-214 Metabolic Activation and Mutagenic Properties of Procarcinogens in Drosophila ....Pages 215-231 Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis: Relevance For Detection of Environmental Mutagens/Carcinogens....Pages 233-282 Quantitative Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis and Mutagen Screening: Study with Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells....Pages 283-302 In Vitro Carcinogenesis with Cell Lines....Pages 305-315 Modulation of Induced Quantitative Mammalian Cell Transformation....Pages 317-335 Chemical Carcinogenesis In Vitro : Limitations and Possibilities in the Use of Rat Liver Epithelial Cells for Screening Carcinogens....Pages 337-351 Behavioral Assays in Environmental Toxicology....Pages 355-381 Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Chemicals as a Test System for Neurotoxicology....Pages 383-398 Mechanisms in Heavy Metal Toxicity....Pages 399-420 Use of Cultures of Neuroblastoma and Glioma as a Model System to Study the Heavy Metal-Induced Neurotoxicity....Pages 421-472 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Neurochemical Approaches to Toxicity Testing: Artificial Food Dyes....Pages 473-486 In Vitro Approaches to Neurotoxicity-- A Physiologist’s Perspective....Pages 487-497 Migration Inhibition of Alveolar Macrophages: An Assay System for Evaluating Toxicity of Pollutant Chemicals....Pages 501-509 Environmental Factors in Renal Disease....Pages 511-522 Back Matter....Pages 523-553