In Vitro Effects Of Mineral Dusts: Third International Workshop (nato Asi Subseries G:)

The Third International \~orkshop on "The in Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts" was held on October 1 - 4, 1984 in Schluchsee, Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany. In six sessions, 93 participants from 14 countries (USA 32, France 17, United Kingdom 12, FRG 11, Canada 9, Belgium 3, Hungary 1, Italy 2, India 1, Nether­ lands 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Portugal 1, Turkey 1) treated and discussed the following subjects: - Significance of the physico-chemical properties of inhalable mineral dusts (mine dusts, asbestos, Man-Made Mineral Fibres - MMMF). - Cellular effects of inhalable mineral dusts with special regard to target ce 11 s. - Immune response and immune toxicity. - Carcinogenicity and interrelated genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. - Effect of cell metabolism in combination with inflammation and fibrogenesis. - Significance and credibility of in vitro test systems. For the pathogenesis of biological effects and diseases caused by inhalable mineral dusts a number of factors may be significant such as: - Type of dust - Dose of dust - Size and shape of dust particles, and especially - Surface properties of dust particles, which inter alia determine the - sorption properties, e.g. for environmental substances. Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Toxicity Testing of Mineral Dusts. Past. Present. Future....Pages 1-6 Front Matter....Pages 7-7 Physicochemical Properties of Minerals Relevant to Biological Activities: State of the Art....Pages 9-24 Surface Active Sites and Catalytic Properties of Asbestos Mineral. Possible Consequence for their Activity in Biological Medium....Pages 25-30 Investigations into the Mechanisms of Asbestos Toxicity....Pages 31-38 Particle Size and Chemically-Induced Variability in the Membrolytic Activity of Quartz: Preliminary Observations....Pages 39-50 The Target Cells for Inhaled Mineral Dusts....Pages 53-58 A Potential Role for Oxygen Radicals in Mineral Dust-Induced Lung Injury: Lessons from Lung Injury from Hyperoxia....Pages 59-65 Mechanisms of Toxic Injury by Asbestos Fibers: Role of Oxygen-Free Radicals....Pages 66-74 Release of Superoxide Anion and Hydrogen Peroxide by Macrophages in Response to Asbestos....Pages 75-81 Stimulation of Neutrophil Chemiluminescence by Alveolar Macrophages from Patients Exposed to Asbestos....Pages 83-91 Broncho Alveolar Lavage in Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis: Oxidant and Antioxidant Activities of Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 93-100 Summary and Synthesis of Part I. Role of Physico-Chemical Properties of Minerals (A)....Pages 101-102 Summary and Synthesis of Part I. Cellular Effects of Mineral Dusts (B)....Pages 103-105 Front Matter....Pages 107-107 Immune Responses Induced by Mineral Dusts....Pages 109-119 Effect of Asbestos Preparations on the Random Migration Pattern of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 121-127 Inhaled Asbestos Fibers Produce Complement-Derived Chemotactic Factor(s) on Alveolar Surfaces....Pages 129-138 Immunoregulation During Experimental Asbestosis....Pages 139-147 Enhanced Interleukin Production and Alveolar Macrophage Ia Expression After Asbestos Inhalation....Pages 149-157 Cytotoxicity of Native-and Surface-Modified Asbestos....Pages 159-165 Summary and Synthesis of Part II. Immune Responses and Immunotoxicity....Pages 167-168 Front Matter....Pages 169-169 Cell Transformation: State of the Art....Pages 171-176 Toxicity of Asbestos and Glass Fibers for Rat Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Culture....Pages 177-184 Transformation of Mammalian Cells in Culture by Asbestos and Other Mineral Dusts: A Mechanism Involving Chromosomal Mutation....Pages 185-196 Asbestos-Associated Chromosomal Changes in Human Mesothelial Cells....Pages 197-202 Induction of Transformation in Cultured Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells by Chrysotile Fibres....Pages 203-207 Preliminary Results on Oncogenes in Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells Transformed in Vitro by Benzo(a)pyrene and/or chrysotile....Pages 209-214 Comparative Responses of Cultured Cells to Asbestos Fibres in Relation to Carcinogenicity....Pages 215-220 Effect of Asbestos on the Microsomal Metabolism and Bioactivation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons....Pages 221-228 Effect of Fibrous Mineral Dusts on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity of Rat Alveolar Macrophages in Vitro....Pages 229-235 Cytokinetic Effect and Cytotoxic Action of Chromium Compound on Human Fibroblast in Culture....Pages 237-245 Mutagenic Activity of Benzo(a)pyrene-coated Particles....Pages 247-252 In Vitro Simulation of Concurrent Exposures to Asbestos Fibers and Nitrosamines....Pages 253-259 Genotoxic Effects of Natural and Man-made Mineral Fibers....Pages 261-265 Lipid Peroxidation and the Generation of Malondialdehyde in Crocidolite-treated Cell Cultures....Pages 267-273 Summary and Synthesis of Part III. Carcinogenicity and Related Genotoxic Events....Pages 275-279 Front Matter....Pages 281-281 Cell-derived Mediators in Relation to Asbestos-Related Tissue Injury and Fibrogenesis....Pages 283-290 Production of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Alveolar Macrophages Treated with Asbestos....Pages 291-295 Exposure of Small Airways to Cristobalite In Vitro....Pages 297-303 Asbestos and Fibrous Glass Induce Biosynthesis of Polyamines in Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro....Pages 305-311 The Release of Inflammatory Mediators from Cells Treated with Leached Asbestos....Pages 313-319 Front Matter....Pages 281-281 Bioassays for Mineral Dusts and Other Particulates....Pages 323-335 Autacoids and Peptides in Normal and Asbestos-exposed Rat Lungs: Tissue and Isolated Cell Contents....Pages 337-343 Early Cellular Changes in Crocidolite-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis....Pages 345-352 Secretion of Fibronectin by Dust-induced Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 353-358 Bronchoalveolar and Lung Tissue Analyses in Asbestos-exposed Humans and Sheep....Pages 359-367 Progress in Studies on Experimental Silicosis and in the Characterization of the Fibrogenic Factor....Pages 369-376 Asbestos Fibers Enhance the Production of a Mesothelial Cell-derived Soluble Factor which Stimulates Fibroblast DNA Synthesis....Pages 377-382 Summary and Synthesis of Part IV. Synthesis and Release of Mediators (A)....Pages 383-383 Summary and Synthesis of Part IV. Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cell Metabolism in Relation to Inflammation and Fibrogenesis (B)....Pages 385-386 Front Matter....Pages 387-387 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Systems for Mineral Dusts. State of the Art....Pages 389-396 The Effects of Fiber Length on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Asbestos Samples in Three Different Assay Systems....Pages 397-404 Comparisons of the Biological Effects of Mineral Fibre Samples Using in Vitro and in Vivo Assay Systems....Pages 405-411 Effects of Amosite Fibers of Different Sizes on Lavagable Cells and Epithelial Permeability of the Lung....Pages 413-420 Relationships between in Vitro Toxicity, Tissue Effects and Mineralogical Composition of Coal Mine Dusts....Pages 421-431 Properties of Mixed Mine Dusts and Their Relationship to Pneumoconiosis....Pages 433-440 In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Lead Chromate Particles in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Rat Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 441-448 Front Matter....Pages 451-451 Evaluation of Dust Toxicity by Short-Term Methods....Pages 453-458 Alveolar Macrophage-derived Growth Factor for Fibroblasts: A Potential Mediator of Asbestos-induced Fibrosis....Pages 459-465 Adsorption of 3-Methylcholanthrene onto Chrysotile Fibres Enhances Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Inducement in Mice....Pages 467-474 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing of Fly Ash Samples with Bovine Lung Macrophages....Pages 475-475 Front Matter....Pages 451-451 Adsorption Properties for PAH of Asbestos and Iron Oxides, in Relation with Their Activity in Biological Medium....Pages 477-482 Involvement of Superoxide Radical in the Toxicity of Mineral Fibers....Pages 483-488 Biological Effects of Fume Silica (Amorphous Type)....Pages 489-496 Importance of Grain Size and Mineral Content of Coal Mine Dusts for Cytotoxicity on Macrophages in Vitro....Pages 497-504 Attapulgite: Preparation Of a Large Quantity Of Inhalable Dust Needed For The Realization Of In Vivo and In Vitro Biological Studies....Pages 505-509 Chromosomal Changes in Cultured Rat Mesothelial Cells Treated with Benzo-3-4- Pyrene and/or Chrysotile Asbestos....Pages 511-514 Erionite-Related Diseases in Turkey....Pages 515-519 A Comparison of in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity of Mineral Dusts....Pages 521-527 Determination of the Phagocytic Capacity of Rat Alveolar Macrophages Following Exposure to Inhalable Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Dust Fractions....Pages 529-532 Increased Cellular Density in the Presence of Asbestos Fibers....Pages 533-538 Failure of Attapulgite to Produce Tumors: Prediction of this Result by in Vitro Cytotoxicity test....Pages 539-542 Interaction of DNA with Silicic Acid....Pages 543-548 The Third International \~orkshop on "The in Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts" was held on October 1 - 4, 1984 in Schluchsee, Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany. In six sessions, 93 participants from 14 countries (USA 32, France 17, United Kingdom 12, FRG 11, Canada 9, Belgium 3, Hungary 1, Italy 2, India 1, NetherƯ lands 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Portugal 1, Turkey 1) treated and discussed the following subjects: - Significance of the physico-chemical properties of inhalable mineral dusts (mine dusts, asbestos, Man-Made Mineral Fibres - MMMF). - Cellular effects of inhalable mineral dusts with special regard to target ce 11 s. - Immune response and immune toxicity. - Carcinogenicity and interrelated genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. - Effect of cell metabolism in combination with inflammation and fibrogenesis. - Significance and credibility of in vitro test systems. For the pathogenesis of biological effects and diseases caused by inhalable mineral dusts a number of factors may be significant such as: - Type of dust - Dose of dust - Size and shape of dust particles, and especially - Surface properties of dust particles, which inter alia determine the - sorption properties, e.g. for environmental substances