In Praise of Natural Philosophy : A Revolution for Thought and Life

Science and philosophy need to be put together to recreate natural philosophy in order to serve the best interests of humanity. Science and philosophy need to be put together to recreate natural philosophy in order to serve the best interests of humanity. The Central Thesis Of This Book Is That We Need To Reform Philosophy And Join It To Science To Recreate A Modern Version Of Natural Philosophy; We Need To Do This In The Interests Of Rigour, Intellectual Honesty, And So That Science May Serve The Best Interests Of Humanity. The Book Seeks To Redraw Our Intellectual Landscape. It Leads To A Transformation Of Science, And To A Transformation Of Philosophy, So That These Two Distinct Domains Of Thought Become Conjoined Into One: Natural Philosophy. This In Turn Has Far-reaching Consequences For The Whole Academic Enterprise. It Transpires That We Need An Academic Revolution. We Urgently Need To Reorganize Universities So That They Become Devoted To Seeking And Promoting Wisdom By Rational Means--as Opposed To Just Acquiring Knowledge, As At Present. Modern Science Began As Natural Philosophy.^ In The Time Of Newton, What We Call Science And Philosophy Today--the Disparate Endeavours--formed One Mutually Interacting, Integrated Endeavour Of Natural Philosophy:to Improve Our Knowledge And Understanding Of The Universe, And To Improve Our Understanding Of Ourselves As A Part Of It. Profound Discoveries Were Made, Indeed One Should Say Unprecedented Discoveries. It Was A Time Of Quite Astonishing Intellectual Excitement And Achievement. And Then Natural Philosophy Died. It Split Into Science On The One Hand, And Philosophy On The Other. This Happened During The 18th And 19th Centuries, And The Split Is Now Built Into Our Intellectual Landscape. But The Two Fragments, Science And Philosophy, Are Defective Shadows Of The Glorious Unified Endeavour Of Natural Philosophy. Rigour, Sheer Intellectual Good Sense And Decisive Argument Demand That We Put The Two Together Again, And Rediscover The Immense Merits Of The Integrated Enterprise Of Natural Philosophy.^ This Requires An Intellectual Revolution, With Dramatic Implications For How We Understand Our World, How We Understand And Do Science, And How We Understand And Do Philosophy. There Are Dramatic Implications, Too, For Education. And It Does Not Stop There. For, As The Author Will Show In The Final Chapter, Resurrected Natural Philosophy Has Dramatic, Indeed Revolutionary Methodological Implications For Social Science And The Humanities, Indeed For The Whole Academic Enterprise.^ It Means Academic Inquiry Needs To Be Reorganized So That It Comes To Take, As Its Basic Task, To Seek And Promote Wisdom By Rational Means, Wisdom Being The Capacity To Realize What Is Of Value In Life, For Oneself And Others, Thus Including Knowledge, Technological Know-how And Understanding, But Much Else Besides.the Outcome Is Institutions Of Learning Rationally Designed And Devoted To Helping Us Tackle Our Immense Global Problems In Increasingly Cooperatively Rational Ways, Thus Helping Us Make Progress Towards A Good World--or At Least As Good A World As Possible.-- Triumphs Of Natural Philosophy -- Emergence Of Science -- Failures Of Philosophy, Part I -- Failures Of Philosophy, Part Ii -- Why Science Needs Philosophy, Part I : Physics -- Why Science Needs Philosophy, Part Ii : Natural Science -- Why Philosophy Needs Science -- Implications Of Natural Philosophy For The Problems Of Civilization. Nicholas Maxwell. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The central thesis of this book is that we need to reform philosophy and join it to science to recreate a modern version of natural philosophy; we need to do this in the interests of rigour, intellectual honesty, and so that science may serve the best interests of humanity. The book seeks to redraw our intellectual landscape. It leads to a transformation of science, and to a transformation of philosophy, so that these two distinct domains of thought become conjoined into one: natural philosophy. This in turn has far-reaching consequences for the whole academic enterprise. It transpires that we need an academic revolution. We urgently need to reorganize universities so that they become devoted to seeking and promoting wisdom by rational means--as opposed to just acquiring knowledge, as at present. Modern science began as natural philosophy. In the time of Newton, what we call science and philosophy today--the disparate endeavours--formed one mutually interacting, integrated endeavour of natural philosophy:to improve our knowledge and understanding of the universe, and to improve our understanding of ourselves as a part of it. Profound discoveries were made, indeed one should say unprecedented discoveries. It was a time of quite astonishing intellectual excitement and achievement. And then natural philosophy died. It split into science on the one hand, and philosophy on the other. This happened during the 18th and 19th centuries, and the split is now built into our intellectual landscape. But the two fragments, science and philosophy, are defective shadows of the glorious unified endeavour of natural philosophy. Rigour, sheer intellectual good sense and decisive argument demand that we put the two together again, and rediscover the immense merits of the integrated enterprise of natural philosophy. This requires an intellectual revolution, with dramatic implications for how we understand our world, how we understand and do science, and how we understand and do philosophy. There are dramatic implications, too, for education. And it does not stop there. For, as the author will show in the final chapter, resurrected natural philosophy has dramatic, indeed revolutionary methodological implications for social science and the humanities, indeed for the whole academic enterprise. It means academic inquiry needs to be reorganized so that it comes to take, as its basic task, to seek and promote wisdom by rational means, wisdom being the capacity to realize what is of value in life, for oneself and others, thus including knowledge, technological know-how and understanding, but much else besides. The outcome is institutions of learning rationally designed and devoted to helping us tackle our immense global problems in increasingly cooperatively rational ways, thus helping us make progress towards a good world--or at least as good a world as possible."-- Provided by publisher In Praise of Natural Philosophy argues for a transformation of both science and philosophy, so that these two distinct domains of thought become one: natural philosophy. This in turn has far-reaching consequences for the whole academic enterprise. It transpires that universities need to be reorganized so that they become devoted to seeking and promoting wisdom by rational means – as opposed to just acquiring knowledge. Modern science began as natural philosophy. What today we call science and philosophy, in Newton's time formed one integrated enterprise: to improve our knowledge and understanding of the universe. Profound discoveries were made. And then natural philosophy died. It split into science and philosophy. But the two fragments are defective shadows of the glorious unified endeavour of natural philosophy. Rigour, sheer intellectual good sense, and decisive argument demand that we put the two together again, and rediscover the immense merits of the integrated enterprise of natural philosophy. This requires an intellectual revolution, with profound consequences for how we understand the universe, do both science and philosophy, and tackle global problems. A comprehensive addition to discussions about the purposes of academia, In Praise of Natural Philosophy has dramatic implications for the fate of our world. Cover Copyright Contents Acknowledgments Preface 1 Triumphs of Natural Philosophy 2 Emergence of Science 3 Failures of Philosophy, Part I 4 Failures of Philosophy, Part II 5 Why Science Needs Philosophy, Part I: Physics 6 Why Science Needs Philosophy, Part II: Natural Science 7 Why Philosophy Needs Science 8 Implications of Natural Philosophy for the Problems of Civilization Appendices Appendix One Degrees of Theory Unity Appendix Two The Problem of Induction Notes References Index