In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam (Religious Cultures of African and African Diaspora People)

With In and Out of This World Stephen C. Finley examines the religious practices and discourses that have shaped the Nation of Islam (NOI) in America. Drawing on the speeches and writing of figures such as Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, Warith Deen Mohammad, and Louis Farrakhan, Finley shows that the NOI and its leaders used multiple religious symbols, rituals, and mythologies meant to recast the meaning of the cosmos and create new transcendent and immanent black bodies whose meaning cannot be reduced to products of racism. Whether examining how the myth of Yakub helped Elijah Muhammad explain the violence directed at black bodies, how Malcolm X made black bodies in the NOI publicly visible, or the ways Farrakhan’s discourses on his experiences with the Mother Wheel UFO organize his interpretation of black bodies, Finley demonstrates that the NOI intended to retrieve, reclaim, and reform black bodies in a context of antiblack violence. "With In and Out of This World Stephen C. Finley examines the religious practices and discourses that have shaped the Nation of Islam (NOI) in America. Drawing on the speeches and writing of figures including Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, Warith Deen Muhammad, and Louis Farrakhan, Finley shows that the NOI and its leaders used multiple religious symbols, rituals, and mythologies meant to recast the meaning of the cosmos and create new transcendent and immanent black bodies whose meaning cannot be reduced to products of racism. Whether examining how the myth of Yakub helped Elijah Muhammad explain the violence directed at black bodies, how Malcolm X made black bodies in the NOI publicly visible, or the ways Farrakhan's discourses on his experiences with the Mother Wheel UFO organize his interpretation of black bodies, Finley demonstrates that the NOI intended to retrieve, reclaim, and reform black bodies in a context of antiblack violence."-- Provided by publisher Contents 7 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction. Black Bodies In-and Out-of- Place: 13 1 Elijah Muhammad, the Myth of Yakub, and the Critique of “Whitenized” Black Embodiment 27 2 Elijah Muhammad, Transcendent Blackness, and the Construction of Ideal Black Bodies 58 3 Malcolm X and the Politics of Resistance: 86 4 Warith Deen Mohammed and the Nation of Islam: 112 5 Mothership Connections: 143 Conclusion. (Re)forming Black Embodiment, White Supremacy, and the Nation of Islam’s Class(ist) Response 170 Wheels, Wombs, and Women: 186 The “Louis Farrakhan” That the Public Does Not Know, or Doesn’t Want to Know?: 201 Farrakhan’s Swan Song? 210 Notes 213 Bibliography 247 Index 257 Stephen C. Finley offers a new look at the religious practices and discourses of the Nation of Islam, showing how the group and its leaders used multiple religious and esoteric symbols to locate black bodies as sites of religious meaning.