بهبود دستاوردهای تحصیلی: تأثیر عوامل روان‌شناختی بر آموزش

We begin this chapter with a critical assumption that we hope all readers will ®nd sound. The assumption is that the beliefs that children create and develop and hold to be true about themselves are vital forces in their success or failure in all endeavors and, of particular relevance to educators, to their success or failure in school. Rather obvious is it not? After all, any parent or teacher knows well that the beliefs that young people get into their heads become the rules that govern their actions, for good or, regretfully, sometimes for ill. The assumption that children's self-beliefs are inextricably tied to their thinking and functioning seems so sound, so obvious, and so commonsensical one might well think that research on academic motivation and achievement (research on why students do the things they do in school and why they achieve or fail to achieve) should naturally focus, at least in great part, on the things that children come to believe about themselves. In other words, one would think that, if psychologists are interested in understanding the reasons why students select some activities and avoid others, why they succeed in some academic pursuits and fail at others, or why they are ®lled with either anticipation or panic at the thought of doing this or that task, then researchers should Improving Academic Achievement What motivates us to direct our behaviors toward certain goals? To what extent can rewards and/or punishments induce us toward and away from specific actions? This title provides a summary of current research and the possibilities for future research. Social psychological research has revealed much about how personal and interpersonal factors impact academic achievement. The research has been reported in several different outlets but has never before been condensed in an easy to read, engaging book, targeting the hot topics of coffee table debates. This book does just that, offering review chapters by the most influential researchers of today, written for an audience of educational and cognitive psychologists as well as school administrators, teachers, policy makers, and parents. Section one focuses on what motivates students, how self-esteem affects the learning process, the consequences of achievement goals, the effects of student attributions of success and failure, self-handicapping, methods of strategic learning, and how to successfully use one's intelligence. Section two discusses how the offering of rewards may affect achievement, how teacher expectations may affect student performance, the effects of stereotypes, feedback, and social rejection. There's also a discussion of effective means of turning at-risk students into scholars, and how students can successfully traverse transitions to middle school

Psychologists from US universities summarize educational research that has not generally been absorbed by educators. They present both classic and contemporary and both theoretical and practical findings. Among the topics are the history of self and self- belief in psychology and education, the paradox of achievement, academic self-concept and self-protective behavior, the role of emotional intelligence in moral development and behavior, and social exclusion in the classroom. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Booknews

Psychologists from US universities summarize educational research that has not generally been absorbed by educators. They present both classic and contemporary and both theoretical and practical findings. Among the topics are the history of self and self- belief in psychology and education, the paradox of achievement, academic self-concept and self-protective behavior, the role of emotional intelligence in moral development and behavior, and social exclusion in the classroom. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

What motivates us to direct our behaviors toward certain goals? To what extent can rewards and/or punishments induce us toward and away from specific actions? This title provides a summary overview of research in this area as well as a forward look into the future of research.