Imperial Portugal in the age of Atlantic revolutions : the Luso-Brazilian world, c. 1770-1850

As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolutions, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more tightly than before. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic. Cover 1 Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions 3 Title 5 Copyright 6 Contents 7 Figures 8 Acknowledgments 10 Abbreviations 14 Map of the Portuguese Atlantic world c. 1800 16 Introduction 17 1 The reform of empire in the late eighteenth century 33 Part I 34 Extirpation, circulation, and integration 34 After Pombal: agrarianism and ideologies of development 51 The impact of foreign ideas: emulation and its discontents 60 Controlling territory, re-shaping subjects 66 Negative appraisals of reform before 1808 79 Part II 82 The perils and opportunities of free trade 82 The slave trade, slavery, and European settlement schemes at the turn of the nineteenth century 89 2 From foreign invasion to imperial disintegration 100 Part I 101 Occupation, liberation, and desperation: Portugal and the French revolutionary wars 101 The road to a Reino Unido: the court in Rio de Janeiro and the reconfiguration of the Portuguese empire 111 Revolt in an age of restoration, 1815–1823 119 Political journalism, exile, and the emergence of critics of the Old Regime 130 PART II 133 Constitutionalism in Portugal: enlightenment jurisprudence, the “ancient constitution,” and the making of the 1822 Constitution 133 Portuguese conservative thought in the age of revolutions 150 Part III 156 Judicious reform, empire redux, new-fangled federation, or permanent separation? The dissolution of the Portuguese empire, 1821 156 Between colony and independent polity: the interstitial character of the Assembléia Constituinte 171 3 Decolonization’s progeny 180 Part I 182 In the shadow of the Cortes: Dom Pedro, the Confederation of the Equator, and the Brazilian Constitution of 1824 182 The 1823 restoration in Portugal and the making of neo-absolutism 194 Reconciliation, reconquest, or recognition? Portugal and Brazil, 1823–1826 203 Part II 212 The empire strikes back: the Atlantic origins and repercussions of the 1826 Portuguese Carta Constitucional 212 The initial reception of the Carta in Portugal 220 Sir Charles Stuart, British recognition of Brazil, and the international history of the 1826 Carta 227 4 The last Atlantic revolution 251 Part I 252 Dom Miguel, conservative political thought, foreign constitutional models, and the reaction to the 1826 Carta 252 The “cause of Dom Miguel” and the turbulent politics of the late 1820s 259 The Carta, its supporters, and the first phase of the Civil War 266 The emigrados, their ideological divisions, and the formation of a united opposition to Dom Miguel 272 Part II 286 The Regency of Terceira 286 Dom Pedro, Brazilian politics, and the shaping of the Portuguese Civil War 293 Strange triumph: emigrado factional conflict, military victory, and the end of the Civil War 307 Part III 316 The international context of the Portuguese Civil War: British foreign policy, Spanish domestic politics, multinational financi 316 5 After Brazil, after Civil War 332 Part I 338 Visions of Africa in an age of imperial dissolution and abolition 338 Part II 348 Sá da Bandeira, post-Civil War politics, and the drive for African Colonization 348 Civil society and colonialism: the case of the Associação Marítima e Colonial 363 Part III 375 The persistence of the slave trade, the specter of abolition, and the obstacles to Portuguese colonial schemes in the 1830s and 375 Conclusion: The long shadow of empire in the Luso-Atlantic world 388 Bibliography 407 Primary 407 Archives 407 Periodicals (including newspapers) 408 Published official (governmental) sources 409 Published primary sources (BOOKS, pamphlets, ephemera, etc.) 410 Secondary 425 Abbreviations 425 Books and articles 426 Unpublished dissertations and theses 459 Index 461 As The British, French And Spanish Atlantic Empires Were Torn Apart In The Age Of Revolution, Portugal Steadily Pursued Reforms To Tie Its American, African And European Territories More Closely Together. Eventually, After A Period Of Revival And Prosperity, The Luso-brazilian World Also Succumbed To Revolution, Which Ultimately Resulted In Brazil's Independence From Portugal. The First Of Its Kind In The English Language To Examine The Portuguese Atlantic World In The Period From 1750 To 1850, This Book Reveals That Despite Formal Separation, The Links And Relationships That Survived The Demise Of Empire Entwined The Historical Trajectories Of Portugal And Brazil Even More Deeply. From Constitutionalism To Economic Policy To The Problem Of Slavery, Portuguese And Brazilian Statesmen And Political Writers Laboured Under The Long Shadow Of Empire As They Sought To Begin Anew And Forge Stable Post-imperial Orders On Both Sides Of The Atlantic-- Introduction -- 1. The Reform Of Empire In The Late Eighteenth Century -- From Foreign Invasion To Imperial Disintegration -- 3. Decolonization's Progeny : Restoration, Disaggregation, And Recalibration -- 4. The Last Atlantic Revolution : Emigrados, Miguelists, And The Portuguese Civil War -- 5. After Brazil, After Civil War : The Origins Of Portugal's African Empire -- Conclusion: The Long Shadow Of Empire In The Luso-atlantic World. Gabriel Paquette, The Johns Hopkins University. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolution, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more deeply. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic"-- Résumé de l'éditeur "As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolution, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more deeply. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic"-- Provided by publisher