Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, the - Volume 4: Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal

"This book covers the fundamentals of drilling and reservoir appraisal for petroleum. Split into three sections, the first looks at the basic principles of well engineering in terms of planning, design and construction. It then goes on to describe well safety, costs and operations management. The second section is focussed on drilling and core analysis, and the laboratory measurement of the physico-chemical properties of samples. It is clear that efficient development of hydrocarbon reservoirs is highly dependent on understanding these key properties, and the data can only be gathered through a carefully conducted core-analysis program, as described. Finally, in the third section we look at production logging, an essential part of reservoir appraisal, which describes the nature and the behaviour of fluids in or around the borehole. It describes how to know, at a given time, phase by phase, and zone by zone, how much fluid is coming out of or going into the formation. As part of the Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, and based on a lecture series on the same topic, Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal provides the introductory information needed for students of the earth sciences, petroleum engineering, engineering and geoscience."--Publisher's website Intro Contents Foreword Preface About the Authors Chapter 1. Well Engineering 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Objectives 1.2 Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) 1.2.1 Accidents are not Accidental 1.2.2 Safety is Built-In 1.2.3 Personal Safety 1.3 Well Delivery Process 1.3.1 Well Delivery Process 1.3.2 Drilling Programme 1.3.3 Overall Sequence of Drilling Operations 1.4 Regulations and Standards 1.5 Onshore Rigs 1.5.1 Basic Drilling Rig 1.5.2 Masts and Derricks 1.5.3 Highly Automated Land Rig 1.5.4 Swamp Barge Rigs 1.6 Offshore Operations 1.6.1 Steel Jacket Fixed Platform 1.6.2 Gravity Base Platform1.6.3 Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs) 1.6.4 Tender-Assisted Drilling Rigs 1.6.5 Semisubmersibles 1.6.6 Drillship 1.6.7 Coiled Tubing Rig 1.6.8 Hydraulic Snubbing Unit 1.7 Function of the Rig 1.7.1 Hoist and Lower 1.7.2 Rotate 1.7.3 Circulate 1.7.4 Control 1.8 Drill Floor Equipment 1.9 Drill String Components 1.9.1 Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) 1.9.2 Bits 1.10 Well Hydrostatics 1.11 Drilling of a Basic Well 1.12 Casing and Casing Design 1.13 Pressure Testing 1.14 Wellheads and Christmas Trees 1.14.1 Wellheads 1.14.2 Christmas Tree 1.15 Completion Equipment1.15.1 Tubing 1.15.2 Tubing Hanger 1.15.3 Packer 1.15.4 SubSurface Safety Valve 1.15.5 Sliding Side Door 1.15.6 Plug Nipple 1.15.7 Telejoints 1.15.8 Gas Lift/Side Pocket Mandrel 1.15.9 Sensors 1.15.10 Signal and Control Lines 1.15.11 Gravel Packs 1.15.12 SMART Wells 1.15.13 Swellable Elastomers 1.15.14 Complexity, Reliability and Maintainability 1.16 Cementing 1.16.1 Oilfield Cement 1.16.2 Basic Casing Cementing Process 1.16.3 Centralisation 1.16.4 Scratchers and Metal Petal Baskets 1.16.5 Pump Rates Rotation and Reciprocation 1.16.6 Top of Cement 1.16.7 Cementation Equipment1.16.8 Liner Cementation 1.16.9 Stage Cementation 1.16.10 Subsea Cementation 1.16.11 Surface Casing Cementation 1.16.12 Top-Up Cementation 1.16.13 Setting a Balanced Cement Plug 1.17 Directional Drilling 1.18 Directional Surveying 1.18.1 Gyro Survey Tools 1.18.2 Inertial Navigation Tools 1.18.3 Steering Tools 1.18.4 MWD Tools 1.18.5 Homing Tools 1.18.6 Survey Uncertainty 1.18.7 Plotting and Recording Survey Data 1.19 Directional Drilling Systems 1.19.1 Bent-Subs and Mud-Motors 1.19.2 Mud-Motors and Turbines 1.19.3 MWD and LWD Tools 1.19.4 Rotary Steerable Systems1.20 Trajectories 1.21 Stuck Pipe 1.22 Fishing 1.23 Formation Evaluation 1.23.1 Cuttings and Flow-Line Data 1.23.2 Continuous Coring 1.23.3 Petrophysical Logs 1.23.4 Perforation 1.24 Well Testing 1.25 Fraccing and Stimulation 1.26 Well Control and Blowouts 1.27 Underbalanced/Managed Pressure Drilling 1.28 Drilling and Completion Fluids 1.28.1 Drilling Fluids 1.28.2 Additives 1.28.3 Fluid Properties 1.28.4 Completion Fluids 1.28.5 Cuttings and Waste Management 1.29 Well Workover and Maintenance 1.30 Well Abandonment 1.31 Artificial Lift