Impact of mineral impurities in solid fuel combustion : [proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference on Mineral Matter in Fuels held on November 2-7, 1997, in Kona, Hawaii

This book contains papers presented at the Engineering Foundation Conference on mineral matter in fuels held on November 2-7, 1997 in Kona, Hawaii. The conference is one of a continuing series that was initiated by the CEGB Mar- wood Engineering Laboratories in 1963. The conference was to be eventually organised by the Engineering Foundation as the need for multi-disciplinary work related to c- trolling ash effects in combustors became apparent. The conference covers both the science and the applications. The papers also present case histories, particularly for current fuel technologies, developments in advanced technologies for power generation and mathematical modelling of these processes. Developments since 1963 have been slow, but steady, due to the complexity of the chemical and physical processes involved. However, the research presented here displays great improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms by which mineral matter will influence fuel use. Steve Benson from EERC presented a review and current status of issues related to ash deposition in coal combustion and gasification. The application of new analytical tools, which have been detailed in the previous conferences, is presented. These include CCSEM, as well as new techniques for char- terising sintering of ash, such as TMA, image analysis, X-ray diffraction crystallography and thermal analysis. The new analytical techniques were extended to encompass widely differing fuels such as biomass. Ole H Larsen from ELSAM Denmark presented a review of these advanced techniques. Ash-Related Issues During Combustion and Gasification....Pages 1-21 Mineral Characterization for Combustion....Pages 23-32 The Development of Power Technologies for Low-Grade Coal....Pages 33-44 Low-Rank Coal and Advanced Technologies for Power Generation....Pages 45-64 The Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits....Pages 65-84 The Development of Advanced Clean Coal Technology in Japan....Pages 85-103 Factors Critically Affecting Fireside Deposits in Steam Generators....Pages 105-131 Advanced Analytical Characterization of Coal Ashes—An Idemitsu Kosan—Elsam Cooperation Project....Pages 133-145 A Novel Application of CCSEM for Studying Agglomeration in Fluidised Bed Combustion....Pages 147-154 Thermomechanical Analysis and Alternative Ash Fusibility Temperatures....Pages 155-169 Ash Fusibility Detection Using Image Analysis....Pages 171-179 Ash Fusion Quantification by Means of Thermal Analysis....Pages 181-193 Sticking Mechanisms in Hot-Gas Filter Ashes....Pages 195-204 Classification System for Ash Deposits Based on Sem analyses....Pages 205-216 Determination of Amorphous Material in Peat Ash by X-ray Diffraction....Pages 217-224 System Accuracy for CCSEM Analysis of Minerals in Coal....Pages 225-235 The Microstructure and Mineral Content of Pulverised Coal Chars....Pages 237-245 Fireside Considerations When Cofiring Biomass with Coal in PC Boilers....Pages 247-258 Summary of Recent Results Obtained from Using the Controlled Fluidised Bed Agglomeration Method....Pages 259-270 Deposition and Corrosion in Straw- and Coal-Straw Co-Fired Utility Boilers....Pages 271-283 Development of Blast-Furnace Gas Firing Burner for Cofiring Boilers with Pulverized Coal....Pages 285-295 Changes in Slagging Behaviour with Composition for Blended Coals....Pages 297-308 Role of Inorganics During Fluidised-Bed Combustion of Low-Rank Coals....Pages 309-318 Role of Additives in Controlling Agglomeration and Defluidization During Fluidized Bed Combustion of High-Sodium, High-Sulphur Low-Rank Coal....Pages 319-331 The Agglomeration in the Fluidized Bed Boiler During the Co-Combustion of Biomass with Peat....Pages 333-339 Ash Fusion and Deposit Formation at Straw Fired Boilers....Pages 341-356 Influence of Metal Surface Temperature and Coal Quality on Ash Deposition in PC-Fired Boilers....Pages 357-366 Full Scale Deposition Trials at 150 MW E PF-Boiler Co-Firing Coal and Straw....Pages 367-381 Slagging Tests on the Suitability of Alternative Coals in a 325MW F PC Boiler....Pages 383-404 Predicting Superheater Deposit Formation in Boilers Burning Biomasses....Pages 405-416 Deposit Formation in the Convective Path of a Danish 80MW th CFB-Boiler Co-Firing Straw and Coal for Power Generation....Pages 417-431 Research on the Melting Points of Some Chinese Coal Ashes....Pages 433-440 Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) Analysis of Straw Ash....Pages 441-453 Prognosis of Slagging and Fouling Properties of Coals Based on Widely Available Data and Results of Additional Measuraments....Pages 455-469 The Slagging Behavior of Coal Blends in the Pilot-Scale Combustion Test Facility....Pages 471-483 In Situ Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits Formed in a Pilot-Scale Combustor....Pages 485-496 Low Corrosivity of Coal Chlorine....Pages 497-512 Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Gaseous HCl on Superheater Corrosion....Pages 513-523 The Role of Alkali Sulfates and Chlorides in Post Cyclone Deposits from Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Firing Biomass and Coal....Pages 525-539 Fly Ash Deposition Onto the Convective Heat Exchangers During Combustion of Willow in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler....Pages 541-553 Ash Behaviour in Biomass Fluidised-Bed Gasification....Pages 555-567 Bench-Scale Biomass/Coal Cofiring Studies....Pages 569-579 Iron in Coal and Slagging....Pages 581-594 Fractionated Heavy Metal Separation in Biomass Combustion Plants—Possibilities, Technological Approach, Experiences....Pages 595-608 Distributions of Major and Trace Elements in Entrained Slagging Coal Gasification Process....Pages 609-619 Behavior of Inorganic Materials during Pulverized Coal Combustion....Pages 621-634 Energy Production from Contaminated Biomass....Pages 635-643 Triboelectrostatic Coal Cleaning....Pages 645-651 Development of Advanced PFBC....Pages 653-661 Operating Experiences of 71MW PFBC Demonstration Plant....Pages 663-674 Development of an Innovative Fluidized Bed Cement Kiln System....Pages 675-683 The Influence of Pressure on the Behaviour of Fuel Carbonates....Pages 685-695 Modeling of ASH Deposit Growth and Sintering in PC-Fired Boilers....Pages 697-708 Predicting Ash Behavior in Conventional Power Systems....Pages 709-722 Thermodynamic Modelling of the System Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -CaO-FeO-Fe 2 O 3 to Characterise Coal Ash Slags....Pages 723-733 Development of a Prediction Scheme for Pulverised Coal-Fired Boiler Slagging....Pages 735-752 Modelling the Initial Structure of Ash Deposits and Structure Changes Due to Sintering....Pages 753-766 These proceedings from an Engineering Foundation Conference cover new developments in research and problem solving techniques related to traditional coal use; new issues related to the changing use of coal in advanced power systems, minerals and metals industries; and the use of new solid fuels.