Immigration and Criminal Law in the European Union : The Legal Measures and Social Consequences of Criminal Law in Member States on Trafficking and Smuggling in Human Beings

This is a study of the legal framework on criminal measures on trafficking and/or smuggling and facilitating illegal entry in six Member States: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, and the European Union. This issue is at the nexus of migration and criminal law. The system of criminal law in the Member States is a central part of the balance of the powers of the authorities and the rights of the citizen. The way in which civil liberties of the individual are weighed in comparison with public protection duties by the authorities is in essence a constitutional issue. The treatment of foreigners, in particular as regards their entry onto the territory and residence is not part of the constitutional settlements, but a field governed by state discretion and exceptionalism. The rules and administrative measures regarding entry, residence and expulsion of foreigners is not subject to the same civil liberties guarantees of due process as apply in criminal law. This comparative study examines how, in each Member State, the insertion of immigration into criminal law takes place. Do the rules of criminal law in respect of due process take precedence over the lower evidential and procedural requirements which are applied in the field of immigration? How does the criminal justice system deal with this new field where central constitutional issues are not present? There are two levels on which the insertion of immigration into criminal law takes place – the legal and the social. This book deals with both. On the one hand it looks at the laws and the court decisions on criminal trials in respect of immigrants for immigration related offences, on the other hand it looks at how the society (political actors, media, interest groups etc) discuss and develop this issue. This book is designed for policymakers, academics, students and activists concerned about the European Union. Talks About The Issues Of Legal And Social Legitimacy Which Surround Criminal Measures Relating To Trafficking In Human Beings In Six Member States And The Eu. This Book Also Explains The Legal Nature Of The Types Of Measures Which Have Been Adopted And The Presentation Of Criminal Sanctions And The Positions Taken By Key Actors In Civil Society. French Criminal And Administrative Law Concerning Smuggling Of Migrants And Trafficking In Human Beings : Punishing Trafficked People For Their Protection? / Johanne Vernier -- Trafficking And Smuggling In France : Social Problems As Transnational Security Issues / Virginie Guiraudon -- The Legal Framework Of Trafficking And Smuggling In Germany : Victim Protection Emerging From Witness Protection? / Katja S. Ziegler -- Social Working Of Criminal Law On Trafficking And Smuggling In Human Beings In Germany / Norbert Cyrus And Dita Vogel -- Crimes Of Assisting Illegal Immigration And Trafficking In Human Beings In Italian Law : Illegal Immigration Between Administrative Infringement And Criminal Offence / Matilde Ventrella Mccreight -- Looking For Some Coherence : Migrants In-between Criminalisation And Protection In Italy / Raffaela Puggioni -- Dutch Criminal And Administrative Law Concerning Trafficking In And Smuggling Of Human Beings. The Blurred Legal Position Of Smuggled And Trafficked Persons : Victims, Instigators Or Illegals / Bregje Pieters Controlling Immigration And Organized Crime In The Netherlands. Dutch Developments And Debates On Human Smuggling And Trafficking / Richard Staring -- Trafficking In And Smuggling Of Human Beings : The Spanish Approach. Main Issues On Spanish Alien Law And Practice Concerning Trafficking And Smuggling Of Human Beings. Main Issues In Spanish Criminal Law And Practice Related To Trafficking In And Smuggling Of Human Beings / C. Gortázar-rotaeche, E. García Coso And A. Obregón García -- The Fight Against Illegal Immigration, Smuggling And Trafficking In Human Beings In Spain : Ambiguities And Rhetoric / Carmen González Enriquez -- Trafficking And Smugglin In Human Beings : The British Perspective / Dora Kostakopoulou -- The Politics Of Irregular Migration, Human Trafficking And People Smuggling In The United Kingdom / Andrew Geddes -- Eu Action Against Trafficking Of Human Beings : Past, Present And The Future / Tom Obokata. Edited By Elspeth Guild And Paul Minderhoud. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 6 Elspeth Guild --- IMMIGRATION AND CRIMINAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE LEGAL MEASURES AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CRIMINAL LAW IN MEMBER STATES ON TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN HUMAN BEINGS......Page 8 Johanne Johanne Vernier --- FRENCH CRIMINAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CONCERNING SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS AND TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS: PUNISHING TRAFFICKED PEOPLE FOR THEIR PROTECTION?......Page 14 Virginie Guiraudon --- TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN FRANCE: SOCIAL PROBLEMS AS TRANSNATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES......Page 48 Katja S. Ziegler --- THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN GERMANY: VICTIM PROTECTION EMERGING FROM WITNESS PROTECTION?......Page 76 Norbert Cyrus and Dita Vogel --- SOCIAL WORKING OF CRIMINAL LAW ON TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN GERMANY......Page 120 Matilde Ventrella McCreight --- CRIMES OF ASSISTING ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION AND TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN ITALIAN LAW: ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE INFRINGEMENT AND CRIMINAL OFFENCE......Page 148 Raffaela Puggioni --- LOOKING FOR SOME COHERENCE: MIGRANTS IN-BETWEEN CRIMINALISATION AND PROTECTION IN ITALY......Page 176 Bregje Pieters --- DUTCH CRIMINAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CONCERNING TRAFFICKING IN AND SMUGGLING OF HUMAN BEINGS THE BLURRED LEGAL POSITION OF SMUGGLED AND TRAFFICKED PERSONS: VICTIMS, INSTIGATORS OR ILLEGALS?......Page 208 Richard Staring --- CONTROLLING IMMIGRATION AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE NETHERLANDS. DUTCH DEVELOPMENTS AND DEBATES ON HUMAN SMUGGLING AND TRAFFICKING......Page 248 C. Gortázar Rotaeche, E. García Coso and A. Obregón GarcíaI --- I TRAFFICKING IN AND SMUGGLING OF HUMAN BEINGS: THE SPANISH APPROACH......Page 278 Carmen González Enríquez --- THE FIGHT AGAINST ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION, SMUGGLING AND TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN SPAIN: AMBIGUITIES AND RHETORIC......Page 332 Dora Kostakopoulou --- TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN HUMAN BEINGS: THE BRITISH PERSPECTIVE......Page 352 Andrew Geddes --- THE POLITICS OF IRREGULAR MIGRATION, HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND PEOPLE SMUGGLING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM......Page 378 Tom Obokata --- EU ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING OF HUMAN BEINGS: PAST, PRESENT AND THE FUTURE......Page 394 Elspeth Guild --- CONCLUSIONS: THE VARIABLE POLITICAL AND LEGAL GEOGRAPHY OF PEOPLE SMUGGLING AND TRAFFICKING IN EUROPE......Page 414 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 422 INDEX......Page 428