Immigration and Conflict in Europe (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics)

Contemporary debates give the impression that the presence of immigrants necessarily spells strife. Yet as Immigration and Conflict in Europe shows, the incidence of conflict involving immigrants and their descendants has varied widely across groups, cities, and countries. The book presents a theory to account for this uneven pattern, explaining why we observe clashes between immigrants and natives in some locations but not in others and why some cities experience confrontations between immigrants and state actors while others are spared from such conflicts. The book addresses how economic conditions interact with electoral incentives to account for immigrant-native and immigrant-state conflict across groups and cities within Great Britain as well as across Germany and France. It highlights the importance of national immigration regimes and local political economies in shaping immigrants' economic position and political behavior, demonstrating how economic and electoral forces, rather than cultural differences, determine patterns of conflict and calm. Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 Contents......Page 11 List of Figures and Tables......Page 13 Acknowledgments......Page 17 Part I General Introduction and Theoretical Framework......Page 19 1 Introduction......Page 21 The Argument in Brief......Page 25 Existing Arguments......Page 27 Studying Immigrant Conflict within and across Countries......Page 29 Empirical Approach......Page 34 Plan of the Book......Page 36 Immigrant Conflict......Page 39 National Immigration Regimes and Local Economic Scarcity......Page 42 National Political Institutions, Political Behavior, and Immigrant Political Power......Page 50 Immigrant–Native Conflict......Page 52 Immigrant–State Conflict......Page 55 Assumptions......Page 62 Concept: Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities......Page 64 Concepts: Violence......Page 66 Concepts: Mobilization......Page 68 Implications......Page 71 Conclusion......Page 76 Part II Introduction to Part II......Page 77 3 Patterns of Immigrant Conflict in Great Britain......Page 80 Immigrant Conflict and Large-Scale Violence: Patterns and Puzzles......Page 81 Immigrant Conflict and Economic Conditions......Page 84 Immigrant Conflict across Groups......Page 87 Explaining Immigrant Conflict......Page 92 Immigration without Immigration Policy......Page 94 Immigrant Voters......Page 100 The Economic Basis of Immigrant Conflict......Page 102 The Political Basis of Immigrant Conflict......Page 109 Summary and Conclusion......Page 116 4 Dynamics of Racist Violence......Page 120 The Problem of Racist Violence......Page 122 Individual-Level Explanations......Page 124 Contextual Explanations......Page 126 Racist Violence and Racist Voting......Page 127 The Determinants of Racist Violence......Page 131 Data and Variables......Page 132 Statistical Model and Results......Page 138 Robustness Checks and Extensions......Page 143 Conclusion and Discussion......Page 145 Part III Introduction to Part III......Page 147 Previewing the Cases......Page 148 Addressing Competing Explanations......Page 153 5 Immigrant–Native Conflict in Two London Boroughs......Page 156 Tower Hamlets......Page 157 Electoral History......Page 161 Electoral Competition and Bangladeshi Votes......Page 162 Bangladeshi Demands......Page 165 White Backlash......Page 167 The Local Entrenchment of Racist Violence......Page 169 Institutional Change and the Escalation of Immigrant–Native Conflict......Page 171 Ealing......Page 176 Electoral History......Page 179 Electoral Competition and Indian Votes......Page 180 Indian Demands......Page 183 From Conflict to Coexistence......Page 184 Explaining Interethnic Peace......Page 189 Conclusion......Page 194 6 Two Faces of Immigrant Conflict in Two Midlands Cities......Page 196 Birmingham......Page 200 Electoral Competition and the Immigrant Vote......Page 201 Immigrant Needs and Demands......Page 208 Native Reaction......Page 210 Immigrant Backlash against the State......Page 212 Leicester......Page 216 Electoral History......Page 217 Electoral Competition and the Indian Vote......Page 220 Immigrant Needs and Demands......Page 225 White Backlash......Page 227 Turnaround......Page 229 Reductions in Economic Scarcity......Page 230 Conclusion......Page 233 Part IV Introduction to Part IV......Page 237 7 Economic Integration, Political Exclusion, and Immigrant Conflict in Germany......Page 239 The Economic Logic of Guest-Worker Immigration and the Prevention of Resource Competition......Page 242 Employment and Housing: Germans First......Page 246 Immigrant Policy and the Prevention of Immigrant–Native Conflict......Page 250 National Salience amid Local Inaction......Page 252 Between Exit and Integration: State Responses to Immigrant Economic Disadvantage......Page 258 The Absence of Immigrant–State Conflict......Page 259 Exit, Economic Integration, and the Threat of Unrest......Page 260 Immigrant Economic Integration in Germany and Great Britain......Page 265 The Demise of the Guest-Worker Logic......Page 268 New Types of Immigrants, New Types of Conflict......Page 269 The Immigration Regimes of Aussiedler and Asylum-Seeker Migration......Page 270 Native Backlash......Page 273 Changes in Immigration Regimes and the Decline in Immigrant–Native Conflict......Page 275 Conclusion......Page 276 8 Immigration and Conflict across Countries......Page 279 Immigrant Conflict in France......Page 281 Immigration Regime......Page 282 Economic Integration......Page 283 Political Incorporation......Page 284 The Two Faces of Immigrant Conflict......Page 286 Citizenship, Immigration, and Economic Developments across Europe......Page 294 Trends in Citizenship and Immigrant Political Power......Page 295 Changing Immigration Regimes and the Economic Characteristics of Immigrants......Page 299 Economic Developments and Local Resource Scarcity......Page 302 Implications for Immigrant Conflict......Page 303 Reviewing the Argument......Page 310 Concluding Implications......Page 313 Appendix A Coding Large-Scale Instances of Immigrant–Native and Immigrant–State Violence......Page 317 Independent Variables......Page 319 References......Page 323 Index......Page 349 Immigration And Conflict In Europe Explains Why We Observe Clashes Between Immigrants And Natives And Between Immigrants And State Actors In Some Locations But Not In Others; It Presents A Wealth Of Qualitative And Quantitative Materials On Immigrant Conflict In Great Britain, Germany, And France From The Postwar Years Until The Beginning Of The Twenty-first Century--provided By Publisher. Contemporary Debates Give The Impression That The Presence Of Immigrants Necessarily Spells Strife. Yet As Immigration And Conflict In Europe Shows, The Incidence Of Conflict Involving Immigrants And Their Descendants Has Varied Widely Across Groups, Cities, And Countries. The Book Presents A Theory To Account For This Uneven Pattern, Explaining Why We Observe Clashes Between Immigrants And Natives In Some Locations But Not In Others And Why Some Cities Experience Confrontations Between Immigrants And State Actors While Others Are Spared From Such Conflicts. The Book Addresses How Economic Conditions Interact With Electoral Incentives To Account For Immigrant-native And Immigrant-state Conflict Across Groups And Cities Within Great Britain As Well As Across Germany And France. The Author Highlights The Importance Of National Immigration Regimes And Local Political Economies In Shaping Immigrants' Economic Position And Political Behavior, Demonstrating How Economic And Electoral Forces, Rather Than Cultural Differences, Determine Patterns Of Conflict And Calm--provided By Publisher. A Theory Of Immigrant Conflict -- ; Patterns Of Immigrant Conflict In Great Britain -- Dynamics Of Racist Violence -- Immigrant-native Conflict In Two London Boroughs -- Two Faces Of Immigrant Conflict In Two Midlands Cities -- Economic Integration, Political Exclusion, And Immigrant Conflict In Germany -- Immigration And Conflict Across Countries. Rafaela M. Dancygier. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "Contemporary debates give the impression that the presence of immigrants necessarily spells strife. Yet as Immigration and Conflict in Europe shows, the incidence of conflict involving immigrants and their descendants has varied widely across groups, cities, and countries. The book presents a theory to account for this uneven pattern, explaining why we observe clashes between immigrants and natives in some locations but not in others and why some cities experience confrontations between immigrants and state actors while others are spared from such conflicts. The book addresses how economic conditions interact with electoral incentives to account for immigrant-native and immigrant-state conflict across groups and cities within Great Britain as well as across Germany and France. The author highlights the importance of national immigration regimes and local political economies in shaping immigrants' economic position and political behavior, demonstrating how economic and electoral forces, rather than cultural differences, determine patterns of conflict and calm"-- Résumé de l'éditeur Machine generated contents note: Part I: 1. Introduction; 2. A theory of immigrant conflict; Part II: 3. Patterns of immigrant conflict in Great Britain; 4. Dynamics of racist violence; Part III: 5. Immigrant-native conflict in two London boroughs; 6. Two faces of immigrant conflict in two Midlands cities; Part IV: 7. Economic integration, political exclusion, and immigrant conflict in Germany; 8. Immigration and conflict across countries; 9. Conclusion. "Immigration and Conflict in Europe explains why we observe clashes between immigrants and natives and between immigrants and state actors in some locations but not in others; it presents a wealth of qualitative and quantitative materials on immigrant conflict in Great Britain, Germany, and France from the postwar years until the beginning of the twenty-first century"-- Résumé de l'éditeur