Immigrant dialects and language maintenance in Australia : the cases of the Limburg and Swabian dialects

ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. OUTLINE AND SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION 1.1 A Short Description of the Investigation 1.2 Choice of Topic, Situation and Language Groups 1.3 Points of Interest 1.3.1 Dialect and Language Maintenance 1.3.2 Diglossia and Bilingualism 1.3.3 Dialect and the Second Generation 1.4 Sociolinguistic Approach 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THIS STUDY 2.1 On Defining Language, Language Variety, Speech Community, Bilingualism and Diglossia 2.1.1 Language, Language Variety 2.1.2 Speech Community 2.1.3 Bilingualism 2.1.4 Diglossia 2.2 The Ecology of Language: Aspects of the Study of Language Maintenance 2.2.1 Habitual Language Use 2.2.2 Extra-Linguistic Factors 2.2.3 Studies Regarding Language Attitudes, Language Planning and Reinforcement 2.2.4 On Defining Language Maintenance and Shift 2.3 The Concept of Dialect 2.3.1 Language versus Dialect; Standard Language versus Dialect 2.3.2 Dialectological Approaches 2.3.3 Dialect and Standard Language in This Investigation 3. THE LANGUAGE GROUPS 3.1 Situation in the Home Countries 3.1.1 Limburg 3.1.2 The Limburg Dialect 3.1.3 The Language Situation in Limburg 3.1.4 Baden-Württemberg 3.1.5 The Swabian Dialect 3.1.6 The Language Situation in Württemberg 3.2 The Situation in Australia: Dutch and German Immigrants in Australia 3.2.1 Dutch and German Migration to Australia 3.2.2 Socio-Demographic Profile of the Dutch and German-Born Population in Australia 3.2.3 Dutch and German Community Life in Melbourne, Australia 3.2.4 Language Statistics on Dutch and German Speakers in Australia 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE INVESTIGATION 4.1 Choice of Methods 4.2 Outline of Informants 4.2.1 Sampling Procedures and Selection of Informants 4.2.2 Identifying Dialect Speakers and Standard Speakers 4.2.3 Description of Informants 4.3 Methods of Investigation 4.3.1 Questionnaires 4.3.2 The Interview 4.3.3 Participant Observation 5. THE INVESTIGATION 5.1 Data Processing 5.1.1 Processing of Data Material Relating to the Language Use Questionnaire 5.1.2 Data Related to the Functions of the Standard Language and Dialect 5.1.3 Data Processing of Language Use in the Second Generation 5.2 Presentation of Data: The Language Maintenance Rate of Dialect and Standard Speakers 5.2.1 An Overall View 5.2.2 The Use of the Dialect and the Standard Language by German and Dutch Dialect Speakers 5.2.3 Domain Analysis of the Language Use of Standard and Dialect Speakers 5.2.4 Analysis of Types of Language Use 5.2.5 The Impact of 'Language Variety' on Language Maintenance as Compared to Other Variables 5.2.6 The Impact of Domain Overlap on Language Maintenance 5.3 Interpretation of Data: The Language Maintenance Rate of Dialect and Standard Speakers 5.3.1 Domain Analysis 5.3.2 Types of Language Use 5.3.3 Dialect Use by the Dialect Speaker in the L1 Environment in Australia (Reference: Tables 9-10) 5.3.4 The Impact of 'Language Variety' on Language Maintenance as Compared to Other Variables (Reference: Tables 16-17) 5.3.5 The Impact of Domain Overlap on Language Maintenance (Reference: Table 18) 5.3.6 Summary of Findings: The Language Maintenance Rate of Standard and Dialect Speakers 5.4 Presentation of Data: Functions of the Dialect and the Standard Language in Australia 5.4.1 Location of Dialect Use and Standard Use: Personal Language Use 5.4.2 Ethnic Press 5.4.3 Ethnic Organizations 5.4.4 Celebrations and Festivals 5.4.5 Games 5.5 Interpretation of Data: Functions of the Dialect and the Standard Language in Australia 5.5.1 Dialect as the Language Code for Private, Informal Interaction 5.5.2 Dialect as the Language Code for Expressive Communication 5.5.3 Dialect as a Regional Marker: Assertion or Exclusiveness 5.5.4 Dialect as Bearer of Culture and Heritage 5.5.5 The Functions of the Standard Language for Limburg Dialect Speakers 5.5.6 The Functions of the Standard Language for Swabian Dialect Speakers 5.5.7 The Language Situation of Limburg Dialect Speakers in Australia 5.5.8 The Language Situation of Swabian Dialect Speakers in Australia 5.6 Presentation of Data: Language Variety and the Use of L 1 in the Second Generation 5.6.1 Language Use and Literacy Skills 5.6.2 Intergenerational Language Use: Language Use of Parents with their Children and Vice Versa 5.6.3 Language Use and Literacy Skills in L 1 in the Second Generation 5.7 Interpretation of Data: Language Variety and Language Maintenance in the Second Generation 5.7.1 Intergenerational Language Use 5.7.2 Language Use and Literacy Skills in L 1 in the Second Generation 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS 6.1 Language Variety and Language Maintenance in the First Generation 6.2 Functions of Language Varieties: Diglossia and Bilingualism 6.3 Dialect and Language Maintenance in the Second Generation 7. APPENDICES 7.1 Appendix 1: Additional Information on the Informants in the Investigation 7.1.1 Occupational Status of the 200 Informants 7.2 Appendix 2: Questionnaires 7.2.1 Questionnaire 1: Demographic Information on the Informant 7.2.2 Questionnaire 2: Personal Language Use 7.2.3 Questionnaire 3: Language Use in the Second Generation 7.2.4 Questionnaire 4: Club Questionnaire 7.3 Appendix 3: Raw Data 7.3.1 Analysis of Informants according to Seven Variables 7.3.2 Reliability Analysis 7.3.3 Anova 1 7.3.4 Anova 2 7.3.5 Anova 3 7.4 Appendix 4: Surveyed Publications ABBREVIATIONS IN BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHOR INDEX

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia.

The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability.

Each volume will have three major sections:
I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages.
II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints.
III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.