Imagining the West in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union (Russian and East European Studies)

This volume presents work from an international group of writers who explore conceptualizations of what defined "East" and "West" in Eastern Europe, imperial Russia, and the Soviet Union. The contributors analyze the effects of transnational interactions on ideology, politics, and cultural production. They reveal that the roots of an East/West cultural divide were present many years prior to the rise of socialism and the cold war. The chapters offer insights into the complex stages of adoption and rejection of Western ideals in areas such as architecture, travel writings, film, music, health care, consumer products, political propaganda, and human rights. They describe a process of mental mapping whereby individuals "captured and possessed" Western identity through cultural encounters and developed their own interpretations from these experiences. Despite these imaginaries, political and intellectual elites devised responses of resistance, defiance, and counterattack to defy Western impositions. Socialists believed that their cultural forms and collectivist strategies offered morally and materially better lives for the masses and the true path to a modern society. Their sentiments toward the West, however, fluctuated between superiority and inferiority. But in material terms, Western products, industry, and technology, became the ever-present yardstick by which progress was measured. The contributors conclude that the commodification of the necessities of modern life and the rise of consumerism in the twentieth century made it impossible for communist states to meet the demands of their citizens. The West eventually won the battle of supply and demand, and thus the battle for cultural influence. In this volume, international writers explore conceptualizations of what defined "East" and "West" in Eastern Europe, imperial Russia, and the Soviet Union in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The contributors analyze the effects of transnational interactions on ideology, politics, and cultural production, and reveal that the roots of an East-West cultural divide existed long before socialism and the Cold War. The chapters explore the complex stages of adoption and rejection of Western ideals in Eastern Europe in areas such as architecture, travel writing, film, music, health care, consumer products, political propaganda, and human rights. They describe a process of mental mapping whereby individuals "captured and possessed" Western identity through cultural encounters and developed their own interpretations. in response, political and intellectual elites devised strategies of resistance to defy these Western impositions. Socialists believed that their cultural forms offered morally and materially better lives for the masses, yet their attitude toward the West fluctuated between a sense of superiority and inferiority. But, in material terms, Western industry and technology were the ever-present yardstick by which progress was measured. The contributors conclude that the necessities of modern life and the rise of consumerism made it impossible for communist states to meet the demands of their citizens. The West eventually won the battle of supply and demand, and this the battle for cultural influence Introduction: The Oblique Coordinate Systems Of Modern Identity / György Péteri -- Were The Czechs More Western Than Slavic? Nineteenth-century Travel Literature From Russia By Disillusioned Czechs / Karen Gammelgaard -- Privileged Origins : National Models And Reforms Of Public Health In Interwar Hungary / Erik Ingebrigtsen -- Defending Children's Rights, In Defense Of Peace : Children And Soviet Cultural Diplomacy / Catriona Kelly -- East As True West : Redeeming Bourgeois Culture, From Socialist Realism To Ostalgie / Greg Castillo -- Paris Or Moscow? Warsaw Architects And The Image Of The Modern City In The 1950s / David Crowley -- Imagining Richard Wagner : The Janus Head Of A Divided Nation / Elaine Kelly -- From Iron Curtain To Silver Screen : Imagining The West In The Khrushchev Era / Anne E. Gorsuch -- Mirror, Mirror, On The Wall-- Is The West The Fairest Of Them All? Czechoslovak Normalization And Its (dis)contents / Paulina Bren -- Who Will Beat Whom? Soviet Popular Reception Of The American National Exhibition In Moscow, 1959 / Susan E. Reid -- Moscow Human Rights Defenders Look West : Attitudes Toward U.s. Journalists In The 1960s And 1970s / Barbara Walker -- Conclusion: Transnational History And The East-west Divide / Michael David-fox. Edited By György Péteri. Includes Bibliographical References.