Imaging of Urogenital Diseases : A Color Atlas

Nowadays, there is tremendous interest in an integrated imaging approach to urogenital diseases. This interest is tightly linked to the recent technological advances in ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine. Significant improvements in image quality have brought numerous clinical and diagnostic benefits to every medical specialty. This book is organized in nine parts and twenty-seven chapters. The first six chapters review the normal macroscopic and radiological anatomy of the urogenital system. In subsequent chapters, urogenital malformations, lithiasis, as well as infectious and neoplastic disorders of the kidneys, bladder, urinary collecting system, and male and female genitalia are extensively discussed. The pathologic, clinical, and diagnostic (instrumental and not) features of each disease are described, with particular emphasis, in neoplastic pathologies, on primitive tumors and disease relapse. The statics and dynamics of the pelvic floor are addressed as well and there is a detailed presentation of state-of-the-art interventional radiology. The volume stands out in the panorama of the current medical literature by its rich iconography. Over 1000 anatomical illustrations and images, with detailed captions, provide ample evidence of how imaging can guide the therapeutic decision-making process. Imaging of Urogenital Diseases is an up-to-date text for radiologists, urologists, gynecologists, and oncologists, but it also certainly provides an invaluable tool for general practitioners. Its succinct, well-reasoned approach integrates old and new knowledge to obtain diagnostic algorithms. This information will direct the clinician to the imaging modality best-suited to yielding the correct diagnosis. Imaging of Urogenital\rDiseases:\rA Color Atlas......Page 1 Front-matter......Page 2 Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 4 Dedication......Page 5 Foreword......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 Table of Cotents......Page 10 Contributors......Page 13 Part I\rAnatomy......Page 16 Kidney......Page 17 Ureter......Page 20 Urinary Bladder......Page 21 Urethra......Page 23 Radiographic Anatomy......Page 25 Angiographic Anatomy of the Kidney......Page 29 Ultrasonographic Anatomy......Page 30 Computed Tomography Anatomy......Page 37 Magnetic Resonance Anatomy......Page 42 Embryology......Page 48 Testicles......Page 49 Pathway of Sperm......Page 52 Seminal Vesicles......Page 53 Prostate......Page 54 Penis......Page 58 Scrotum and Testicles......Page 60 Epididymis, Ductus Deferens and Spermatic Cord......Page 62 Prostate......Page 64 Penis......Page 68 Scrotum and Testicles......Page 70 Prostate and Seminal Vesicles......Page 71 Penis......Page 75 Embryology......Page 78 Ovaries......Page 79 Uterine Tubes......Page 80 Uterus......Page 81 Vagina......Page 84 Vulva......Page 85 Radiologic Anatomy......Page 86 Ultrasonographic Anatomy......Page 87 Anatomy in Computed Tomography......Page 93 Anatomy in Magnetic Resonance......Page 95 Part II\rMalformation......Page 103 Introduction......Page 104 Agenesis......Page 105 Fusion and Displacement Anomalies......Page 106 Cystic Kidney Disease......Page 109 Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Disease......Page 110 Caliceal Diverticula......Page 111 Double or Triple Collecting Systems......Page 112 Anomalies of the Ureteropelvic Junction......Page 113 Ectopic Ureter......Page 115 Ureterocele......Page 116 Vesicoureteric Reflux......Page 119 Megaureter......Page 120 Urachal Anomalies......Page 121 Anomalies of the Urinary Bladder......Page 122 Double Urethra......Page 124 Posterior Urethral Valves......Page 125 Anterior Urethral Diverticula......Page 127 Urethral Stricture......Page 128 Anomalies of the Reproductive System......Page 130 Cloacal Anomalies......Page 133 Part III\rUrinary System Disease......Page 135 Lithiasis......Page 136 Inflammation......Page 138 Renal Parenchymal Tumors......Page 140 Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters......Page 141 Bladder Cancer......Page 143 Clinical Anatomy......Page 144 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 145 Urography......Page 146 Ultrasonography......Page 147 Computed Tomography......Page 149 Clinical Anatomy......Page 155 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 157 Acute Pyelonephritis......Page 158 Renal Abscesses......Page 164 Emphysematous Pyelonephritis......Page 166 Chronic Pyelonephritis......Page 167 Renal Tuberculosis......Page 169 Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis......Page 172 Pathology......Page 174 Parenchymal Tumors in Adults......Page 175 Rare Parenchymal Tumors......Page 177 Cystic Lesions......Page 178 Pelvicaliceal Tumors......Page 179 Identification......Page 180 Characterization......Page 183 Staging......Page 185 Parenchymal Tumors in Children......Page 190 Cystic Tumors......Page 192 Pelvicaliceal Tumors......Page 195 Pathology......Page 204 Identification......Page 205 Pathology......Page 210 Identification......Page 212 Staging......Page 219 Part IV\rDisease of the Male\rReproductive System......Page 221 Inflammation......Page 222 Chronic Prostatitis......Page 223 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia......Page 224 Prostate Cancer......Page 225 Pathology......Page 228 Acute Prostatitis and Prostatic Abscess......Page 229 Chronic Prostatitis......Page 231 Pathology......Page 232 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 233 Pathology......Page 237 PSA Assay......Page 239 PSA Velocity and PSA Doubling Time......Page 240 Digital Rectal Examination......Page 241 Transrectal Ultrasonography of the Prostate......Page 242 Prostate Needle Biopsy......Page 244 Magnetic Resonance......Page 246 Staging......Page 251 Digital Rectal Examination......Page 252 Transrectal Ultrasonography of the Prostate......Page 253 Computed Tomography......Page 254 Magnetic Resonance......Page 255 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and CT-PET......Page 261 Laparoscopic Lymphadenectomy......Page 262 Inflammation......Page 263 Testicular Cancer......Page 264 Ultrasonography......Page 266 Magnetic Resonance......Page 268 Torsion of the Spermatic Cord......Page 269 Acute Epididymitis and Orchitis......Page 271 Chronic Epididymitis and Orchitis......Page 273 Fournier Gangrene......Page 274 Risk Factors......Page 276 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 277 Testicular Cysts......Page 280 Epidermoid Cysts......Page 281 Testicular Infarction......Page 282 Part V\rOncologic Recurrences\rof the Male Reproductive System......Page 284 Kidney......Page 285 Urinary Bladder......Page 286 Testicle......Page 287 Penis......Page 288 Computed Tomography......Page 290 CT-PET......Page 293 Magnetic Resonance......Page 295 Introduction......Page 296 PSA after Radical Prostatectomy......Page 297 Digital Rectal Examination......Page 298 Transrectal Ultrasonography......Page 299 Computed Tomography......Page 300 Magnetic Resonance......Page 302 Bone Scintigraphy......Page 304 CT-PET......Page 305 Testicle......Page 309 Part VI\rFemale Pelvic Floor......Page 310 Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor......Page 311 Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Pelvic Organ Prolapse......Page 313 Endopelvic Fascial Defects......Page 314 Classification......Page 315 Urinary Incontinence and Prolapse......Page 316 Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Prolapse......Page 317 Introduction......Page 318 Voiding Cystourethrography......Page 319 Anterior Bladder Wall Support Defects......Page 320 Posterior Bladder Wall Support Defects......Page 321 Defecography......Page 322 Ultrasonography......Page 324 Magnetic Resonance......Page 327 Part VII\rDisease of the Female\rReproductive System......Page 332 Intestinal Endometriosis......Page 333 Imaging......Page 334 Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance......Page 340 Endoscopic Ultrasonography......Page 343 Magnetic Resonance Urography......Page 344 Pathology......Page 347 Instrumental Diagnosis......Page 348 Hysterosalpingography......Page 349 Ultrasonography......Page 350 Computed Tomography......Page 351 Magnetic Resonance......Page 354 Uterine Fibroids......Page 359 Pathology......Page 360 Prognostic Factors......Page 361 Treatment......Page 362 Clinical and Histologic Forms......Page 363 Diagnosis and Pretreatment Examinations......Page 364 Treatment......Page 365 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 367 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 369 Adenomyosis and adenomyoma......Page 375 Simple Benign Hyperplasia......Page 378 Endometrial Polyps......Page 380 Pathology......Page 383 Identification......Page 384 Staging......Page 386 Pathology......Page 396 Identification......Page 397 Staging......Page 399 Malformations......Page 410 Inflammation......Page 412 Tumors......Page 413 Introduction......Page 417 Functional Ovarian Cysts......Page 418 Peritoneal Inclusion Cysts or Pseudocysts or Benign Cystic Mesotheliomas......Page 419 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome......Page 420 Cystadenoma......Page 421 Cystadenofibroma......Page 422 Benign Teratoma......Page 423 Mature Cystic Teratoma or Dermoid Cysts......Page 424 Brenner Tumor......Page 426 Tumors of the Thecoma-Fibroma Group......Page 427 Sclerosing Stromal Tumor......Page 428 Malignant Neoplastic Lesions......Page 429 Serous Adenocarcinoma......Page 430 Mucinous Adenocarcinoma......Page 432 Germ Cell Tumors......Page 433 Spread Patterns of Ovarian Malignancies......Page 438 Metastases......Page 442 Uterine Tube Carcinoma......Page 443 Part VIII\rOncologic Recurrences of the\rFemale Reproductive System......Page 445 Ovary......Page 446 Endometrium......Page 447 Cervix......Page 448 24 Diagnostic Imaging......Page 450 Recurrences of Ovarian Malignancies......Page 451 Recurrences of Uterine Malignancies......Page 455 Recurrences of Vulvovaginal Malignancies......Page 460 Part IX\rInterventional Radiology......Page 462 Indications......Page 463 Technique......Page 464 Complications......Page 469 Ultrasonography......Page 470 Endovascular Procedure......Page 471 Percutaneous Nephrostomy......Page 476 Ureteric Stenting......Page 478 Ureteroplasty......Page 481 Arterial Embolization......Page 482 Subject Index......Page 485 Lucio Olivetti, Luigi Grazioli, Editors ; [foreword By Robert Pozzi Mucelli ; Translation, Alexander Cormack]. Originally Published As: Diagnostica Per Immagini Dell'apparato Urogenitale / Lucio Olivetti, Luigi Grazioli. Springer-verlag Italia. C2008. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.