Images of Otherness in Russia, 1547-1917 (Imperial Encounters in Russian History)

"Defining the Others, "them", in relation to one's own reference group, "us", has been an essential phase in the formation of collective identities in any given country or region. In the case of Russia, the formulation of these binary definitions - sometimes taking a form of enemy images - can be traced all the way to medieval texts, in which religion represented the dividing line. Further, the ongoing expansion of the empire transferred numerous "external others" into internal minorities. The chapters of this edited volume examine the development and contexts of various images, perceptions and categories of the Others in Russia from the 16th century Muscovy to the collapse of the Russian empire"-- Provided by publisher Contents 6 Preface • Kati Parppei and Bulat Rakhimzianov 8 Introduction: Images, Otherness, and Images of the Others • Kati Parppei and Bulat Rakhimzianov 10 Part One: Creating Prototypes 30 Section Summary • David M. Goldfrank 32 1. Varieties of Otherness in Ivan IV’s Muscovy: Relativity, Multiplicity, and Ambiguity • Charles J. Halperin 41 2. The Depiction of “Us” and “Them” in the Illuminated Codex of the 1560s–1570s • Jaakko Lehtovirta 62 3. The Image of the Other: The Perception of Tatars by Russian Intellectuals and Officials in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries (Chroniclers, Diplomats, Voivodes, and Writers) • Maksim Moiseev 84 4. From Inozemtsy to Inovertsy and Novokreshchenye: Images of Otherness in Eighteenth-Century Russia • Ricarda Vulpius 111 Part Two: Classifying the “Internal Others” 136 Section Summary • Michael Khodarkovsky 138 5. From “Sovereign’s Foreigners” to “Our Savages”: Otherness of Siberian Indigenous Peoples in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Russia • Yuri Akimov 147 6. The Russians and the Oirats (Dzungars) in Asia in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Contacts and Images of the “Other” inthe Era of Empire Building • Vladimir Puzanov 175 7. “In a Menagerie of Nations”: Crimean Others in Travelogues, c. 1800 • Nikita Khrapunov 203 8. Visually Integrating the Other Within: Imperial Photography and the Image of the Caucasus (1864–1915) • Dominik Gutmeyr-Schnur 232 9. Perception of Others within One Ethnic Minority: Jewish Ethnographic Studies in the Late Russian Empire • Marina Shcherbakova 257 Part Three: The Other in Times of Conflict and Crisis 292 Section Summary • Stephen M. Norris 294 10. The Russian Imagological Bestiary: The Zoomorphic Image of the Enemy (“Other”) at the Turn of the Century, 1890–1905 • Anna Rezvukhina, Alena Rezvukhina, and Sergey Troitskiy 302 11. Hungry and Different—“Otherness” in Imperial Famine Relief: 1891–1892 • Immo Rebitschek 336 12. “Agitators and Spies”: The Enemy Image of Itinerant Russians in the Grand Duchy of Finland, 1899–1900 • Johanna Wassholm 360 13. The Self and the Other: Representations of the Monarchist Foe and Ally in the Satirical Press of the Russian Right (1906–1908) • Oleg Minin 385 14. The Construction of the Image of the “Other” in the Discussion of the “Yellow Peril”: Chinese People in Late Imperial Russia • Andrey Avdashkin 431 15. “Own” and “Other”: Soldiers, Officers, and the Fatal Zigzags of the Russian Revolution in the Last Year of the Life of General L. G. Kornilov (1870–1918) • Il’ia Rat’kovskii 460 Contributors 485 Abbreviations Used by the Authors 489 Index 490