IEC 61850 Demystified

This comprehensive overview of 61850 standard/protocol focuses on implementation, taking the reader through the development and concepts of IEC 61850. This includes the initial work by General Motors (Manufacturing Automation Protocol), EPRI (UCA 1.0 and UCA 2.0), IEEE (TR 1550), and IEC 61850. The standard is a significant piece of many IIoT (industrial internet of things) strategies for substation communication. The book discusses and documents the basic research and theory of guaranteed multicast done for IEC 61850 GOOSE as well as the shift from variable technology to object oriented technology. The layering principles, as well as the structure, of IEC 61850 are discussed in detail as well as the actual communication profiles that have been created to support substation/distribution automation, distributed energy resources, and synchrophasors. Real applications will be discussed as well as the future direction of the standard. The author is a technical co-editor of IEC 61850 standard and a leader in US implementations, having been involved with the technology from its inception. IEC 61850 Demystified Contents Preface Introduction Chapter 1 What Makes IEC 61850 Different? 1.1 Designed for the Future 1.2 Functions and Semantics Instead of Numbers 1.3 Automation Instead of SCADA Focus 1.4 Engineering Workflow and File Exchange Standardization 1.5 Adoption and Barriers Reference Chapter 2 History of IEC 61850 2.1 Prior to 1980 2.1.1 Foundational Principles 2.1.2 The 1970s: Moore’s Law and Computational Power 2.1.3 Computer Communication and Internet 2.2 1980 to 1989 2.2.1 Foundational Principles 2.2.2 Computers: Personal Computers 2.2.3 Communications 2.2.4 The Rise and Demise of MAP/TOP 2.2.5 The Rise of the Utility Communication Architecture 2.3 1990 to 1999 2.3.1 Founcational Technologies 2.3.2 Communications 2.3.3 Utility Communication Architecture 2.3.4 IEC 61850 Begins 2.4 2000 to 2009 2.4.1 Security 2.4.2 Synchrophasor 2.4.3 IEC 61850 2.5 2010 to Today References Chapter 3 The Need for Speed: Networking versus Hardwire 3.1 Use Case for Digital Network-Based Protection 3.1.1 Signal Distribution Requirements 3.1.2 Timing 3.1.3 Quality of Message Delivery Service 3.1.4 Requirements and Decisions Based on Use Cases 3.2 Mathematical Analysis of the Technologies 3.2.1 Profibus 3.2.2 Ethernet 3.3 Mathematical Truth but Numbers Can Lie 3.3.1 Profibus versus Ethernet Test Results 3.3.2 Skepticism and Ethernet Scalability Test Results 3.3.3 Wondering What Happened Chapter 4 Harmonizing IEC 61850 and IEEE TR 1550 Chapter 5 Structure of the IEC 61850 Standard Chapter 6 Read Before Proceeding: Use of UML in This Book 6.1 Classes, Attributes, Operations, and Multiplicity 6.2 Generalization 6.3 Association, Composition, and Aggregation 6.4 Dependency, Instantiation, and Stereotypes 6.5 Stereotype 6.6 UML Cheat Sheet Chapter 7 Integration Patterns 7.1 Client and Server 7.2 Publish and Subscribe Chapter 8 Basic IEC 61850 8.1 Intelligent Electronic Devices 8.1.1 IED and Their Applications 8.1.2 Naming of IEDs 8.1.3 When Is an IED Not a Physical Box 8.1.4 Access Point 8.2 Logical Device and Logical Nodes 8.2.1 Logical Device 8.2.2 Logical Nodes Chapter 9 IEC 61850-7-2 and IEC 61850-7-3 9.1 Base Types 9.1.1 Timestamp and Synchronization 9.1.2 Quality (IEC 61850-7-3) Chapter 10 Engineering 10.1 Workflow Specifics 10.1.1 Specification Phase 10.1.2 Binding to IEDs 10.1.3 Information Exchange Requirements 10.1.4 Communication Configuration 10.1.5 Iteration and Export 10.2 SCL Service Declarations 10.2.1 Server Capabilities 10.2.2 Client Capabilities Chapter 11 Client and Server Communications 11.1 History of IEC 61850 Client/Server 11.2 IEC 61850 Client/Server Over the Wire 11.3 ASN.1 11.3.1 Protocol Definition Syntax (Bakus-Naur Form Notation) 11.3.2 Encoding Rules Chapter 12 Impact of Cybersecurity 12.1 SCL 12.2 61850 Application Role-Based Access Control 12.3 Protocol Related 12.3.1 Client/Server 12.3.2 GOOSE and Sampled Values 12.4 Monitoring Appendix AProtection Function Cheat Sheet Appendix BCDC Cheat Sheet and Definitions B.1 WYE B.2 Delta B.3 Electrical Sequences B.4 Harmonics Acronyms and Abbreviations Glossary About the Author Index