ICOL-2019: Proceedings of the International Conference on Optics and Electro-Optics, Dehradun, India (Springer Proceedings in Physics Book 258)

Preface Contents Contributors Part IInvited Speakers 1 Trends in Manufacturing for Aspheric and Freeform Optics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Traditional Fabrication Process 1.3 Computer Controlled Fabrication for Aspheric and Freeform Optics and Its Metrology 1.4 Conclusions References 2 Silicon Photonics-Based Gas Sensors and Components for the Mid-IR: Design and Modelling 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Design Methodology and Results 2.2.1 Silicon Slot Waveguide-Based Gas Sensors 2.2.2 Silicon Photonics-Based Ultra-Short Mid-IR Polarization Splitter 2.2.3 Polarization Rotator 2.3 Conclusion References 3 Pixel Reassignment in Image Scanning Microscopy References 4 Compact and Field Portable Biophotonic Sensors for Automated Cell Identification (Plenary Address) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Field Portable Biophotonics Sensors for Cell Identification 4.2.1 Compact and Field Portable 3D Printed Shearing DHM for Automatic Cell Identification 4.2.2 Lensless Cell Identification Using Single and Double Random Phase Encoding 4.3 Conclusion References 5 Wavefront Coding with Jacobi-Fourier Phase Masks to Alleviate Random Aberrations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Basis 5.3 Results 5.4 Conclusions References 6 Designing Submicron Chiral Structure Through Phase Engineered Multi-Beam Interference 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Effect of Polarization in Designing the Multi-Beam Interference Structure 6.3 Conclusion References 7 Advanced IR Zoom Lenses for Next Generation Thermal Imaging Applications 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Continuous Zoom Lens SWaP Designs 7.2.1 Folded-Optic 16–180 mm f/3.6 Zoom Lens Design 7.2.2 Lightweight 20–275 mm f/5.5 Zoom Lens Design 7.3 Summary References 8 Advanced Infrared Photodetectors at SCD 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Detector Architectures 8.2.1 Planar InSb (77 K) 8.2.2 Barrier Detectors 8.2.3 Other Hetero-Structure Based MWIR FPAs (95–120 K) 8.2.4 InGaAs/InP SWIR FPA and smart “SNIR” ROIC (0–20 °C) 8.3 Conclusion References 9 Characteristics of One Dimensional Photonics Structures Having Different Types of Sequences 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Results and Discussion 9.3 Methods 9.4 Conclusions References 10 Deep-Learning-Based Dynamic Range Compression for 3D Scene Hologram 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Proposed Method and Its Results 10.3 Conclusion References 11 Mode Spectra and Vortex Beam Sorting via Digital Intensity Processing 11.1 Introduction References 12 Speckle-Free Digital Holographic Phase Microscopy and Tomography Using Partially Spatially Coherent Monochromatic Light with Improved Image Sharpness, Resolution and Phase Noise 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Results and Discussion References 13 Biospeckle Analysis Technique: Some Recent Applications 13.1 Biometrics: Spoof Detection 13.2 Agriculture: Aging, Viability and Salinity Assessment 13.2.1 Seed Aging Assessment 13.2.2 Seed Viability Detection 13.2.3 Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination 13.3 Food Engineering: Bread Spoilage Detection 13.4 Adhesive Industry: Paint and Fevicol Drying Characterization 13.5 Biomedical: Thrombocyte Characterization References 14 Using Femtosecond Coherent Oscillations to Unravel Dynamics of Complex Systems 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Experimental 14.3 Results and Discussion References 15 Suppression of UV Emission in ZnO Nanorods 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Experimental 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.4 Conclusions References Part IIADO: Adaptive Optics 16 Features of FPGA Using in a Fast Adaptive Optical System 16.1 Introduction 16.2 System Requirements 16.3 Main Algorithm 16.4 Results References 17 Controlling the Degree of Polarization of Speckles from Birefringent Scatterer 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Theoretical Background 17.3 Experiment and Result 17.4 Conclusion References Part IIIDFO: Diffractive Optics 18 Experimental Demonstration of Diffraction of Vector Field Singularities Through Diamond Shaped Aperture 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Generation of V-Point Singular Beams 18.3 Diffraction Through Diamond Shaped Aperture References 19 Controlled Generation of Self-images of a Microlens Array and the Second Harmonic Talbot Effect References 20 Design of Diffractive Optical Elements for Shaping the Laser Intensity Distribution 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Results and Discussion 20.3 Conclusions References 21 Electromagnetically induced grating in a 3-level symmetric quantum well 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Theoretical model and governing equation 21.3 Results 21.4 Conclusions References 22 Axicon Aberration Generated Tunable Optical Arrays 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Theory 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusion References 23 Crafting Correlation Structure by Interference 23.1 Introduction 23.1.1 Required Elements 23.2 Principle 23.3 Results and Discussion References 24 Design of Polarization Independent Silicon Nitride One-Dimensional Gratings Using Genetic Algorithm 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design, Result and Discussion References Part IVEOS: Optics and Electro-optics for Strategic Applications 25 Effect of Background Radiation on Laser Receiver Having Large Field of View 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Mathematical Formulation 25.2.1 Noise Model of APD 25.2.2 Background Radiation 25.3 Results 25.4 Conclusion References 26 Temperature Compensated Dynamic Strain Measurement Using Twin Fiber Bragg Gratings and Tunable Laser Interrogation with Noise Cancelation 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Set up for Dynamic Strain Measurement 26.3 Conclusion References 27 Geo High Resolution Camera: An Experimental Eye in Space—Its Integration, Challenges and Mitigation 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Objective and Configuration of the Instrument 27.3 AIT Challenges and Mitigation Approaches 27.3.1 Adaptive AIT Approach 27.3.2 Dummy Deck Approach 27.3.3 Electrical Interface Aspects 27.4 System Characterization, Results and Performance 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Photodiode Trans-Impedance Configuration with DC Compensation 28.1 Introduction 28.2 DC Compensation Module 28.3 Results and Discussions 28.4 Conclusion References 29 Concept of Programmable Range Electro-optical Sensor 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Programming Methodology 29.3 Results and Discussion 29.4 Conclusion References 30 Design of 2-D Parity Generation for Burst Error Detection 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Review of 2-D Parity Error Detection 30.3 Electro-Optical Design of 2-D Parity Generator 30.3.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Design 30.3.2 FD-BPM Implementation Results References 31 Experimental Demonstration of Underwater Optical Communication Using PPM Modulated 532 nm DPSS Laser 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Experimental Implementation of Underwater Optical Communication Link 31.3 Results and Discussion References 32 Design of Modern Laser Sensing System 32.1 Introduction 32.1.1 Overview of Laser Sensing System 32.2 Results References 33 On Airworthiness Qualification Philosophy and Night Flying Assessment for Electroluminescent Based NVG Compatible Cockpit Lights of Military Fighter Aircraft 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Results 33.3 Equation 33.4 Conclusion References Part VFIN: Fiber, Integrated and Nonlinear Optics 34 Liquid Crystal Based Inverted Rib Waveguide 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Rib Waveguide Structure in LC 34.3 Fabrication and Results 34.4 Conclusion References 35 Predicting Onset of Combustion Instability in Gas Turbines Using Fiber Bragg Grating Pressure Sensors 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Experimental Setup 35.3 Results and Discussion References 36 Strain Measurement in Tight Buffer Cabled Optical Fiber 36.1 Introduction 36.1.1 Tight Buffer 36.1.2 Brillouin Sensing Principle in BOTDA 36.2 Strain Measurement in Tight Buffer 36.2.1 Experimental Setup 36.2.2 Strain Calculation 36.3 Results 36.4 Conclusion References 37 Efficient Four Wave Mixing in a Silicon Photonic Wire Waveguide and Resonator 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Device Fabrication 37.3 Experimental Results 37.4 Conclusion References 38 Pulse Compression at 1064 nm Using Air-Silica Nonlinear Microstructured Optical Fiber 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Theoretical Study 38.3 Experimental Results 38.4 Conclusion References 39 Dispersion Optimized Few Mode Optical Fiber with Minimized Spatial Overlap 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Design and Optimization 39.3 Results and Discussion 39.4 Conclusion References 40 Time-Resolved Femtosecond Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Picric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Experimental Details 40.3 Results and Discussion 40.4 Conclusions References 41 Study of Diffraction-Noise Spectrum: A Comparison of Gaussian Beam with Uniform Beam Profile on Statistical Behaviour in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate 41.1 Introduction 41.2 Theory of Diffraction-Noise with Gaussian Beam Profile on Random PPLN 41.3 Numerical Analysis 41.4 Results and Discussion References 42 Gelatin Coated Optical Fiber Probe as a PH Sensor: An Experimental Analysis 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Experimental 42.3 Results and Discussion 42.4 Conclusion References 43 Selectively Ethanol Infiltrated Zero Dispersion Wavelength Shifted Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fiber 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Design of Proposed SC-PCF 43.3 Result and Discussions 43.4 Conclusions References 44 Nonlinear Interaction of Polarization Singular Beams 44.1 Introduction 44.1.1 Mathematical Description 44.2 Tables and Figures References 45 Modal Decomposition of a Three-Mode Graded Index Fiber Based on Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) Algorithm 45.1 Introduction 45.2 Modal Decomposition Methodology 45.3 Results and Discussions 45.4 Conclusions References 46 Tunable Optical Parametric Amplification in Chalcogenide Slot Waveguide 46.1 Introduction 46.2 Results and Discussions 46.3 Conclusions References 47 Theoretical Calculation of Joint Spectral Intensity of Type-I BBO Crystal for SPDC 47.1 Introduction 47.2 Theory 47.3 Results and Discussion 47.4 Conclusion References 48 An Efficient DFG Induced Wavelength Exchanged-OPC Using Only Two Ti:PPLN Waveguides 48.1 Introduction 48.2 Proposed Scheme 48.3 Result and Discussion 48.4 Conclusion References 49 Demonstration of Mode Dependent Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Graded-Index Few Mode Fibers 49.1 Introduction 49.2 Experimental Details 49.3 Conclusion References 50 Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Mode Transition in a Long Period Waveguide Grating 50.1 Introduction 50.2 Proposed Structure and Analysis References 51 TiO2 Based Micro-Ring Resonator as Near Infrared Laser Line Filter: Numerical Simulation 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Simulation 51.3 Results and Discussions 51.4 Conclusion References 52 Group Velocity Matched Optical Parametric Generation in the Mid IR Range 52.1 Introduction 52.2 Results and Discussion References 53 Propagation and Absorption Mechanisms with ABC/PML Boundary Conditions 53.1 Introduction 53.2 Results and Discussions 53.3 Conclusion References 54 Quantum Ghost Interference Using Partially Spatially Coherent Pump Beam 54.1 Introduction 54.2 Theoretical Study 54.3 Numerical Results References 55 A Study of Nonlinear Optical Property of Cadmium Based Quantum Dots with Comparable Particle Size 55.1 Introduction 55.2 Experimental 55.3 Results and Discussion 55.4 Conclusion References 56 Optical Bistability in Coupled Cavity System 56.1 Introduction 56.2 The Model and Solutions 56.3 Results and Discussions 56.4 Conclusions References 57 Characterization of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Using Hot-Tip Probe Method 57.1 Introduction 57.2 Experimental Results and Discussion References 58 Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure Effect on the Optical Rectification in a Semi-Parabolic Quantum Dot Associated with the Excitonic System 58.1 Introduction 58.2 Theory and Model 58.3 Results 58.4 Conclusion References 59 Sensitivity Enhancement by Varying the Orientation of Phase Shifters Based on Non-reciprocal Phase Shift in Fiber Loop Mirror Configuration 59.1 Introduction 59.2 Experimental Details 59.3 Results and Discussion 59.4 Conclusion References 60 Identification of Potassium Based Toxic Element by Using Bi-Taper Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 60.1 Introduction 60.2 Experimental Details 60.3 Results and Discussion 60.4 Conclusion References 61 Telecom-Band Wavelength Conversion in Air-Clad Silicon Waveguides 61.1 Introduction 61.2 Theory 61.3 Device Design and Fabrication 61.4 Experiment and Results 61.5 Conclusion References 62 Study of Various Structures of Bragg Fibers Based on Modal Analysis 62.1 Introduction 62.1.1 Periodic Bragg Fiber 62.1.2 Bragg Fiber with Defective Layer 62.1.3 Plasma in Cladding Region References Part VIIPO: Innovative Packaging of Optical Systems 63 Design and Optimization of Isostatic Mount for Space Borne Mirror 63.1 Introduction 63.1.1 Principle 63.1.2 Methodology 63.1.3 Materials 63.1.4 Design 63.1.5 Acceptance Criteria and Analysis (Using SolidWorks) 63.2 Tables and Figures 63.3 Summary References 64 Wave Front Error Analysis of High-Performance Optics 64.1 Introduction 64.2 Research Methodology 64.3 Results and Discussions References 65 Field Portable Micro Endoscopy for In Vivo Microscopy of Cancerous Tissue: A Point of Care Device 65.1 Introduction 65.2 Experimental Setup 65.3 Sample Preparation 65.4 Results 65.5 Conclusion References 66 Field Portable Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy 66.1 Introduction 66.2 Experimental Details 66.3 Results and Discussion 66.4 Conclusion References Part VIIIRP: IR Sensors, Image Processing and Systems 67 Real-Time Video Processing System for Fixed-Wing UAV 67.1 Introduction 67.2 Methodology 67.2.1 Logical Implementation 67.2.2 Hardware Implementation 67.3 Result and Discussion References 68 Optical Performance Evaluation of Infrared Microlens by Direct Wavefront Sensing at LWIR Wavelength 68.1 Introduction 68.2 Experimental Methodology 68.3 Results and Discussion References 69 Integrated Image Processing Modules for Hassle Free Monitoring of Border Area 69.1 Introduction 69.1.1 Background 69.1.2 Pre-processing 69.1.3 Information Extraction 69.2 Proposed Work 69.2.1 Development of Image Processing Modules 69.2.2 Integrated Image Processing Module for Hassle-Free Monitoring 69.3 Results and Discussion 69.4 Conclusion References 70 Photoacoustic Sensor Using a Broad Spectrum Source for Vehicle Exhaust Measurements 70.1 Introduction 70.2 Experimental Setup 70.3 Results and Discussions References 71 Trade off Studies for Different Parameters in Laser Range Gated Stereoscopic Imaging 71.1 Introduction 71.2 Design Methodology 71.3 Results 71.4 Conclusion References 72 High Frame Rate Laser Spot Profiler for DEW Diagnostics 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Design Methodology 72.3 Results 72.4 Conclusion References 73 Development of High Resolution 3rd Generation Infrared Imaging System Based on Advanced Type II Super Lattice Detector 73.1 Introduction 73.2 Overview on System Design Parameters 73.3 Architectural Design of Signal Processing Module 73.4 Specifications of Developed IR Imaging System 73.5 System Performance and Results 73.6 Conclusion References 74 Infrared Image Quality Improvement Through Guided Filter Based Novel Edge-Detection, Edge-Preservation and Smoothening Filter Algorithm 74.1 Introduction 74.2 Background 74.2.1 Canny Operator Theory 74.2.2 Guided Filter 74.2.3 Proposed Method 74.3 Conclusion References 75 Robust Visual Tracking with Occlusion Handling Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling 75.1 Introduction 75.2 Visual Tracking Algorithm 75.2.1 Target Detection 75.2.2 Filtering 75.2.3 Tracking 75.3 Result 75.4 Performance Analysis References 76 Infrared Image Enhancement Using Convolution Matrices 76.1 Introduction 76.2 Image Enhancement 76.2.1 Histogram Equalization (HE) 76.2.2 Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) 76.3 Results References 77 Video Smoothening Using Features Matching 77.1 Introduction 77.1.1 Digital Image Stabilization 77.2 Video Stabilization Algorithm 77.3 Performance Analysis 77.4 Conclusion References 78 Hybrid Approach for Image Enhancement of Long Range Electro-optical Surveillance Systems 78.1 Introduction 78.1.1 Digital Image Enhancement Technique 78.1.2 Optical Filtering 78.2 Proposed Work 78.2.1 Image Enhancement Using Optical Technique 78.2.2 Image Enhancement Using Digital Image Processing Technique 78.2.3 Image Enhancement Using Hybrid Approach (Combination of Optical and Digital Image Processing Technique) 78.3 Results and Discussion 78.4 Conclusion References 79 Estimation of Motion Blur Parameter 79.1 Introduction 79.1.1 Motion Blur Model 79.1.2 Estimation of Direction of Motion Blur 79.1.3 Estimation of Length of Motion Blur 79.2 Results References 80 Acoustic Emission-Based Leakage Detection System Using Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (COTDR) 80.1 Introduction 80.2 Analytical Modeling for Acoustic Emissions from Pipe Leaks 80.3 Simulation Model 80.4 Results and Discussion 80.5 Conclusions References 81 Power Supply Delay Scheme to Avoid Jerky Motion at Power ON of Gimbaled Sight 81.1 Introduction 81.2 Problem Statement and Proposed Scheme 81.3 Realization and Experimental Result 81.4 Conclusion References 82 Design and Development of Mega Pixel Infrared Detector Based Long Range Surveillance System (MILRS) 82.1 Introduction 82.2 MILRS Configuration 82.3 Results and Analysis References 83 Design and Development of Multi-spectral Sight Based on Broadband Detector and Visible Sensor (MSS) 83.1 Introduction 83.2 Design Configuration 83.3 Results and Analysis References 84 Image Processing Technique for Field of View Measurement of Electro-Optical Imaging System 84.1 Introduction 84.2 Test Setup 84.3 Development of the GUI 84.4 Result and Discussions 84.5 Conclusion References 85 Kalman Filter Based Point Target Tracking 85.1 Methodology 85.1.1 Variance Analysis Based Target Detection 85.1.2 Kalman Filtering [1] 85.1.3 Target Tracking 85.1.4 Steps of Algorithm 85.2 Results References Part VIIILFA: Lasers, Fiber Lasers and Its Applications 86 A 1531.52 nm Tunable Diode Laser-Based System for High-Sensitivity Remote Monitoring of Acetylene and Ammonia Leaks in Industrial Plants 86.1 Introduction 86.2 Experimental Setup and Results 86.2.1 Multi-point Detection of C2H2 and NH3 Over a Fiber-Optic Network 86.2.2 Temperature Measurements Using Ratio Thermometry 86.3 Conclusion References 87 Efficient, Cost Effective and Compact Device for Speckle Reduction in Laser Projectors and Laser TVs 87.1 Introduction 87.2 Results and Discussion 87.3 Conclusion References 88 Self-Similar Compression of Low Power Solitons at 800 nm Using Chloroform Infiltrated Taper Photonic Crystal Fiber 88.1 Introduction 88.2 Numerical Modeling 88.3 Results and Discussions References 89 Identification of the Explosive Mixtures Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) 89.1 Introduction 89.2 Experimental Details 89.3 Results and Discussion 89.4 Conclusions References 90 Femtosecond Laser Assisted Fabrication and Characterization of Waveguide Structures Inside Z-cut LiNbO3 Crystal 90.1 Introduction 90.2 Fabrication Details 90.3 Results and Discussion 90.4 Conclusions References 91 Determination of Ash Content in Coal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Multivariate Analysis 91.1 Introduction 91.2 Experimental Setup 91.3 Results References 92 Effect of Laser Energy on Underwater Acoustic Shockwave Emissions from Optical Breakdown 92.1 Introduction 92.2 Experimental Setup 92.3 Results and Discussion 92.3.1 Time-Domain 92.3.2 Frequency Domain 92.4 Conclusions References 93 Acoustic Measurements on Femtosecond Laser Induced Filaments 93.1 Introduction 93.2 Experimental Details 93.3 Results and Discussion References 94 Electronics Design Scheme for Athermal Diode Pumped Laser Target Designator 94.1 Introduction 94.2 Electronics Design Summary 94.3 Result and Discussion 94.4 Conclusion References 95 Optics for Miniaturized Eye-Safe Laser Range Finder 95.1 Introduction 95.2 Principle 95.3 Brief Description 95.4 Results 95.5 Conclusion References 96 Control of Optical Bistability in Erbium Doped Fiber Laser by Wavelength Tuning 96.1 Introduction 96.2 Experimental Details 96.3 Results and Discussion 96.4 Conclusion References 97 Amplitude Modulated Quantum Cascade Laser Based SF6 Gas Sensing 97.1 Introduction 97.2 Target Gas Molecule 97.3 Detector Setup 97.4 Result and Discussion 97.5 Conclusion References 98 Comparison of PMT and APD Based Receiver for Air to Underwater Laser Communication 98.1 Introduction 98.2 Communication Link Model and Formulation 98.3 Results and Discussion 98.4 Conclusion References 99 Performance of Ceramic 1.1% Nd:YAG Based Diode Pumped Laser Resonator 99.1 Introduction 99.2 Experimental Set-Up 99.3 Results and Conclusion References 100 Prism Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Biomedical Applications 100.1 Introduction 100.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensors 100.3 Applications 100.4 Conclusion References 101 Biomolecule Characterization Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 101.1 Introduction 101.1.1 Sample Preparation 101.1.2 Experimental setup 101.2 Results References 102 Ultrafast Micromachining Based Fabrication and Characterization of Polarization Sensitive 3D Micro Grating Structures in Polymer Material 102.1 Introduction 102.2 Experimental Setup 102.3 Result and Discussion 102.4 Conclusion References 103 Numerical Simulation of Rogue Waves Due to Spectral Filtering Effect in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser 103.1 Introduction 103.2 Numerical Simulation 103.3 Simulation Results 103.4 Conclusion References 104 Classical Optic Radial-Angular Entanglement 104.1 Introduction 104.2 Radial–Angular Entanglement in LG Mode Superpositions 104.3 Simulation Results References 105 Nanoparticle Enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Liquids 105.1 Introduction 105.2 Experimental Details 105.3 Results and Discussion 105.4 Conclusions References Part IXMHI: Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging 106 Spectral Calibration of VNIR Hyperspectral Imager 106.1 Introduction 106.2 Proposed Method 106.3 Results and Discussion References 107 A Weighted Multi-scale Fusion Technique for Single Image Haze Removal 107.1 Introduction 107.2 De-hazing by Fusion 107.3 Simulation Results 107.4 Conclusion References Part XNDA: Nanophotonics Devices and Applications 108 Bimetallic Black Phosphorous Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor with Enhanced Sensitivity 108.1 Introduction 108.2 Results and Discussion References 109 Study of Plasmonic Meta-Surface for Field Enhancement 109.1 Introduction 109.2 Numerical Modelling 109.3 Results and Discussion References 110 All Dielectric Metasurface for Electro-optic Modulator 110.1 Introduction 110.2 Results and Discussions 110.3 Conclusion References 111 Loss Compensation in Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide by Controlled Electron Injection 111.1 Introduction 111.2 Device Design and Working 111.3 Conclusion References 112 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Studies of Ti and Hybrid Ti-Au Nanoparticles Generated by Laser Ablation in Liquids 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Experimental Details 112.3 Result and Discussions 112.4 Conclusions References 113 Slot Waveguide with Grating Based Cladding for Protein Detection 113.1 Introduction 113.2 Proposed Design Structure 113.3 Waveguide Propagation and Sensing Characteristics 113.4 Conclusion References 114 Wavelength Effect on Gold Nanoparticles Fabrication in Picosecond Laser Ablation and Evaluation of SERS Performance in Explosive Detection 114.1 Introduction 114.2 Experimental Details 114.3 Results and Discussions 114.4 Conclusions References 115 Fabrication of a Tri-layered Metamaterial Absorber at Long-Wave Infrared Frequencies 115.1 Introduction 115.2 Results and Discussion 115.3 Conclusions References Part XIOIM: Optical Interferometry and Metrology 116 Mean Gradient Descent Algorithm for Single-Shot Interferogram Analysis 116.1 Introduction 116.1.1 Mean Gradient Descent Algorithm 116.2 Simulation Results 116.3 Conclusion References 117 Collimation Testing and Coherence Length Measurement of Short Coherence Laser Beams Using a Compact Holographic Shearing Interferometer 117.1 Introduction 117.2 Experimental Set-Up 117.3 Collimation Testing of Short Coherence Laser Beam 117.4 Coherence Length Measurement 117.5 Conclusion References 118 High Speed Non-destructive Testing Method Using Digital Holographic Interferometry 118.1 Introduction 118.2 Theory 118.3 Results and Conclusions References 119 Sphere-Spectroradiometry: Spectral Flux Evaluation 119.1 Introduction 119.2 Theoretical Equations 119.3 Experiment and Results 119.4 Results References 120 Application of DCT Based Sub-Nyquist Sensing in Optical Interferometry 120.1 Introduction 120.2 Theory and Experiment 120.3 Results and Conclusion References 121 Optical Surface Profiling Using Beamlet Deflection Method 121.1 Introduction 121.2 Methodology and Experimental Investigation Using Beamlet Deflection Technique 121.3 Conclusion References 122 Influence of Lateral Resolution in Measurement of Surface Profile 122.1 Introduction 122.2 Experimental Setup 122.3 Results 122.4 Conclusion References 123 A Robust Blockwise Biospeckle Indexing Technique for Assessment of Soybean Seed Viability 123.1 Introduction 123.2 Theory 123.2.1 Temporal History of Speckle Pattern (THSP) and Co-occurrence Matrix (COM) 123.2.2 Proposed Strategy 123.3 Experimental Arrangement 123.3.1 Sample Preparation 123.3.2 Setup 123.4 Results and Discussion References 124 Application of Biospeckle Analysis Method for Investigating the Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Imbibition 124.1 Introduction 124.2 Material and Methods 124.2.1 Sample Preparation 124.2.2 Experimental Arrangement 124.2.3 Analysis Method 124.3 Result and Discussion References 125 Light Scattering from Mixtures of Turbid Media: Determination of Interaction Coefficient 125.1 Introduction 125.2 Methodology 125.3 Results and Discussion References 126 Longitudinal Spatial Coherence Gated Optical Tomography and Topography 126.1 Introduction 126.2 Experimental Setup 126.3 Results and Discussions References 127 Optical Fiber Based Dual Wavelength Spectral Domain Low Coherence Interferometry for Biomedical Applications 127.1 Introduction 127.2 Methodology 127.3 Results and Discussion References 128 Single-Shot Jones Matrix Microscopy 128.1 Introduction 128.2 Setup and Basic Principle 128.3 Experiment and Results 128.4 Conclusion References 129 A Method to Distinguish C-Point from V-Point 129.1 Introduction 129.2 Simulation Results and Discussion References 130 Study of Array Detector Based Spectrophotometer for Sphere Photometry 130.1 Introduction 130.2 Experiment 130.3 Results 130.4 Conclusion References 131 Revealing Relative Phase Shift of Individual Beams Through the Phase of the Superposed Beam 131.1 Introduction 131.2 Simulation Results References 132 In-Plane Displacement Component Measurement Using Fourier Transform Filtering Technique 132.1 Introduction 132.2 Experimental Details 132.3 Results 132.4 Discussion and Conclusion References 133 Efficient Generation of Cylindrical Perfect Vector Vortex Beam by Tailoring Relative Phase on SLM 133.1 Introduction 133.2 Experimental Methods and Results 133.3 Conclusions References 134 Impact of Discriminator Threshold and PMT Gain on Photon Counts 134.1 Introduction 134.1.1 Experimental Setup 134.2 Results and Discussion References 135 Computational Analysis on Gaussian Spectral Apodizing Filters to Realize Various Standard Color Illuminants 135.1 Introduction 135.2 Principle 135.3 Methodology 135.4 Results and Discussion References 136 Effect of Tritter on the Amplitude-Squared Squeezing of Light 136.1 Introduction 136.2 Amplitude-Squared Squeezing and Its Enhancement by the Tritter References Part XIIOIP: Optical Image Processing and Holography 137 Dynamic Laser Speckle Technique to Assess the Drying Time of Asian Paint on Plywoods 137.1 Introduction 137.2 Theory 137.3 Experimental 137.4 Results and Discussions 137.5 Conclusion References 138 Biospeckle Activity Analysis of Root Tissues Grown in Hydroponic Medium Using Image Processing Algorithms 138.1 Introduction 138.1.1 Theory 138.1.2 Materials and Methods 138.1.3 Experimental Set Up 138.2 Results and Discussion 138.3 Conclusion References 139 Non-contact Evaluation of Recoil System Parameters by Time Resolved Optical Tracking and Image Processing 139.1 Introduction 139.2 Methodology 139.3 Results and Discussion 139.4 Conclusion References 140 Highly Stable, Field Portable, Single Shot and Low Cost LED Based Digital Holographic Microscope 140.1 Introduction 140.2 Experimental Setup 140.3 Results and Discussion 140.4 Conclusion References 141 Comparison of Image Encoding Using Random Mask Generated by Spatial Light Modulators (SLM) 141.1 Introduction 141.2 Image Encoding 141.2.1 Convolution with a Random Mask 141.2.2 Multiplication with a Random Mask 141.3 Conclusion References 142 Fluorescence Imaging-Based System for Performing White Blood Cell Counts 142.1 Introduction 142.2 Materials and Methods 142.3 Experimental Results and Discussion References 143 Effect of Detector’s Noise in White Light Interferometry Based Quantitative Phase Microscopy 143.1 Introduction 143.2 Materials and Methods 143.3 Results and Discussion 143.4 Conclusion References 144 White Light Interference Microscopy for Quantitative Phase Imaging of Biological Samples Using Hilbert Transform 144.1 Introduction 144.2 Experimental Setup 144.3 Results and Discussion 144.4 Conclusions References 145 Activity Assessment of Bruised Regions on Sapodilla Caused by Different Impact Energies Using Bio-speckle Technique 145.1 Introduction 145.2 Theory 145.3 Experimental 145.4 Results and Discussions 145.5 Conclusion References 146 Temperature Profile Measurement of Kerosene Lamp Flame Using Digital Holographic Interferometry 146.1 Introduction 146.2 Theory 146.3 Method 146.4 Result 146.5 Conclusion References 147 Amplitude Object Reconstruction at Multiple Planes Using Transport of Intensity Equation 147.1 Introduction 147.2 Transport of Intensity Equation 147.3 Amplitude Object Reconstruction at Multiple Plane 147.4 Conclusions References 148 Graphical and Numerical Analysis of Biospeckle Image 148. Preface Contents Contributors Part IInvited Speakers 1 Trends in Manufacturing for Aspheric and Freeform Optics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Traditional Fabrication Process 1.3 Computer Controlled Fabrication for Aspheric and Freeform Optics and Its Metrology 1.4 Conclusions References 2 Silicon Photonics-Based Gas Sensors and Components for the Mid-IR: Design and Modelling 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Design Methodology and Results 2.2.1 Silicon Slot Waveguide-Based Gas Sensors 2.2.2 Silicon Photonics-Based Ultra-Short Mid-IR Polarization Splitter 2.2.3 Polarization Rotator 2.3 Conclusion References 3 Pixel Reassignment in Image Scanning Microscopy References 4 Compact and Field Portable Biophotonic Sensors for Automated Cell Identification (Plenary Address) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Field Portable Biophotonics Sensors for Cell Identification 4.2.1 Compact and Field Portable 3D Printed Shearing DHM for Automatic Cell Identification 4.2.2 Lensless Cell Identification Using Single and Double Random Phase Encoding 4.3 Conclusion References 5 Wavefront Coding with Jacobi-Fourier Phase Masks to Alleviate Random Aberrations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Basis 5.3 Results 5.4 Conclusions References 6 Designing Submicron Chiral Structure Through Phase Engineered Multi-Beam Interference 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Effect of Polarization in Designing the Multi-Beam Interference Structure 6.3 Conclusion References 7 Advanced IR Zoom Lenses for Next Generation Thermal Imaging Applications 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Continuous Zoom Lens SWaP Designs 7.2.1 Folded-Optic 16–180 mm f/3.6 Zoom Lens Design 7.2.2 Lightweight 20–275 mm f/5.5 Zoom Lens Design 7.3 Summary References 8 Advanced Infrared Photodetectors at SCD 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Detector Architectures 8.2.1 Planar InSb (77 K) 8.2.2 Barrier Detectors 8.2.3 Other Hetero-Structure Based MWIR FPAs (95–120 K) 8.2.4 InGaAs/InP SWIR FPA and smart “SNIR” ROIC (0–20 °C) 8.3 Conclusion References 9 Characteristics of One Dimensional Photonics Structures Having Different Types of Sequences 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Results and Discussion 9.3 Methods 9.4 Conclusions References 10 Deep-Learning-Based Dynamic Range Compression for 3D Scene Hologram 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Proposed Method and Its Results 10.3 Conclusion References 11 Mode Spectra and Vortex Beam Sorting via Digital Intensity Processing 11.1 Introduction References 12 Speckle-Free Digital Holographic Phase Microscopy and Tomography Using Partially Spatially Coherent Monochromatic Light with Improved Image Sharpness, Resolution and Phase Noise 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Results and Discussion References 13 Biospeckle Analysis Technique: Some Recent Applications 13.1 Biometrics: Spoof Detection 13.2 Agriculture: Aging, Viability and Salinity Assessment 13.2.1 Seed Aging Assessment 13.2.2 Seed Viability Detection 13.2.3 Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination 13.3 Food Engineering: Bread Spoilage Detection 13.4 Adhesive Industry: Paint and Fevicol Drying Characterization 13.5 Biomedical: Thrombocyte Characterization References 14 Using Femtosecond Coherent Oscillations to Unravel Dynamics of Complex Systems 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Experimental 14.3 Results and Discussion References 15 Suppression of UV Emission in ZnO Nanorods 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Experimental 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.4 Conclusions References Part IIADO: Adaptive Optics 16 Features of FPGA Using in a Fast Adaptive Optical System 16.1 Introduction 16.2 System Requirements 16.3 Main Algorithm 16.4 Results References 17 Controlling the Degree of Polarization of Speckles from Birefringent Scatterer 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Theoretical Background 17.3 Experiment and Result 17.4 Conclusion References Part IIIDFO: Diffractive Optics 18 Experimental Demonstration of Diffraction of Vector Field Singularities Through Diamond Shaped Aperture 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Generation of V-Point Singular Beams 18.3 Diffraction Through Diamond Shaped Aperture References 19 Controlled Generation of Self-images of a Microlens Array and the Second Harmonic Talbot Effect References 20 Design of Diffractive Optical Elements for Shaping the Laser Intensity Distribution 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Results and Discussion 20.3 Conclusions References 21 Electromagnetically induced grating in a 3-level symmetric quantum well 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Theoretical model and governing equation 21.3 Results 21.4 Conclusions References 22 Axicon Aberration Generated Tunable Optical Arrays 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Theory 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusion References 23 Crafting Correlation Structure by Interference 23.1 Introduction 23.1.1 Required Elements 23.2 Principle 23.3 Results and Discussion References 24 Design of Polarization Independent Silicon Nitride One-Dimensional Gratings Using Genetic Algorithm 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design, Result and Discussion References Part IVEOS: Optics and Electro-optics for Strategic Applications 25 Effect of Background Radiation on Laser Receiver Having Large Field of View 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Mathematical Formulation 25.2.1 Noise Model of APD 25.2.2 Background Radiation 25.3 Results 25.4 Conclusion References 26 Temperature Compensated Dynamic Strain Measurement Using Twin Fiber Bragg Gratings and Tunable Laser Interrogation with Noise Cancelation 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Set up for Dynamic Strain Measurement 26.3 Conclusion References 27 Geo High Resolution Camera: An Experimental Eye in Space—Its Integration, Challenges and Mitigation 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Objective and Configuration of the Instrument 27.3 AIT Challenges and Mitigation Approaches 27.3.1 Adaptive AIT Approach 27.3.2 Dummy Deck Approach 27.3.3 Electrical Interface Aspects 27.4 System Characterization, Results and Performance 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Photodiode Trans-Impedance Configuration with DC Compensation 28.1 Introduction 28.2 DC Compensation Module 28.3 Results and Discussions 28.4 Conclusion References 29 Concept of Programmable Range Electro-optical Sensor 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Programming Methodology 29.3 Results and Discussion 29.4 Conclusion References 30 Design of 2-D Parity Generation for Burst Error Detection 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Review of 2-D Parity Error Detection 30.3 Electro-Optical Design of 2-D Parity Generator 30.3.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Design 30.3.2 FD-BPM Implementation Results References 31 Experimental Demonstration of Underwater Optical Communication Using PPM Modulated 532 nm DPSS Laser 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Experimental Implementation of Underwater Optical Communication Link 31.3 Results and Discussion References 32 Design of Modern Laser Sensing System 32.1 Introduction 32.1.1 Overview of Laser Sensing System 32.2 Results References 33 On Airworthiness Qualification Philosophy and Night Flying Assessment for Electroluminescent Based NVG Compatible Cockpit Lights of Military Fighter Aircraft 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Results 33.3 Equation 33.4 Conclusion References Part VFIN: Fiber, Integrated and Nonlinear Optics 34 Liquid Crystal Based Inverted Rib Waveguide 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Rib Waveguide Structure in LC 34.3 Fabrication and Results 34.4 Conclusion References 35 Predicting Onset of Combustion Instability in Gas Turbines Using Fiber Bragg Grating Pressure Sensors 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Experimental Setup 35.3 Results and Discussion References 36 Strain Measurement in Tight Buffer Cabled Optical Fiber 36.1 Introduction 36.1.1 Tight Buffer 36.1.2 Brillouin Sensing Principle in BOTDA 36.2 Strain Measurement in Tight Buffer 36.2.1 Experimental Setup 36.2.2 Strain Calculation 36.3 Results 36.4 Conclusion References 37 Efficient Four Wave Mixing in a Silicon Photonic Wire Waveguide and Resonator 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Device Fabrication 37.3 Experimental Results 37.4 Conclusion References 38 Pulse Compression at 1064 nm Using Air-Silica Nonlinear Microstructured Optical Fiber 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Theoretical Study 38.3 Experimental Results 38.4 Conclusion References 39 Dispersion Optimized Few Mode Optical Fiber with Minimized Spatial Overlap 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Design and Optimization 39.3 Results and Discussion 39.4 Conclusion References 40 Time-Resolved Femtosecond Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Picric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Experimental Details 40.3 Results and Discussion 40.4 Conclusions References 41 Study of Diffraction-Noise Spectrum: A Comparison of Gaussian Beam with Uniform Beam Profile on Statistical Behaviour in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate 41.1 Introduction 41.2 Theory of Diffraction-Noise with Gaussian Beam Profile on Random PPLN 41.3 Numerical Analysis 41.4 Results and Discussion References 42 Gelatin Coated Optical Fiber Probe as a PH Sensor: An Experimental Analysis 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Experimental 42.3 Results and Discussion 42.4 Conclusion References 43 Selectively Ethanol Infiltrated Zero Dispersion Wavelength Shifted Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fiber 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Design of Proposed SC-PCF 43.3 Result and Discussions 43.4 Conclusions References 44 Nonlinear Interaction of Polarization Singular Beams 44.1 Introduction 44.1.1 Mathematical Description 44.2 Tables and Figures References 45 Modal Decomposition of a Three-Mode Graded Index Fiber Based on Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) Algorithm 45.1 Introduction 45.2 Modal Decomposition Methodology 45.3 Results and Discussions 45.4 Conclusions References 46 Tunable Optical Parametric Amplification in Chalcogenide Slot Waveguide 46.1 Introduction 46.2 Results and Discussions 46.3 Conclusions References 47 Theoretical Calculation of Joint Spectral Intensity of Type-I BBO Crystal for SPDC 47.1 Introduction 47.2 Theory 47.3 Results and Discussion 47.4 Conclusion References 48 An Efficient DFG Induced Wavelength Exchanged-OPC Using Only Two Ti:PPLN Waveguides 48.1 Introduction 48.2 Proposed Scheme 48.3 Result and Discussion 48.4 Conclusion References 49 Demonstration of Mode Dependent Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Graded-Index Few Mode Fibers 49.1 Introduction 49.2 Experimental Details 49.3 Conclusion References 50 Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Mode Transition in a Long Period Waveguide Grating 50.1 Introduction 50.2 Proposed Structure and Analysis References 51 TiO2 Based Micro-Ring Resonator as Near Infrared Laser Line Filter: Numerical Simulation 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Simulation 51.3 Results and Discussions 51.4 Conclusion References 52 Group Velocity Matched Optical Parametric Generation in the Mid IR Range 52.1 Introduction 52.2 Results and Discussion References 53 Propagation and Absorption Mechanisms with ABC/PML Boundary Conditions 53.1 Introduction 53.2 Results and Discussions 53.3 Conclusion References 54 Quantum Ghost Interference Using Partially Spatially Coherent Pump Beam 54.1 Introduction 54.2 Theoretical Study 54.3 Numerical Results References 55 A Study of Nonlinear Optical Property of Cadmium Based Quantum Dots with Comparable Particle Size 55.1 Introduction 55.2 Experimental 55.3 Results and Discussion 55.4 Conclusion References 56 Optical Bistability in Coupled Cavity System 56.1 Introduction 56.2 The Model and Solutions 56.3 Results and Discussions 56.4 Conclusions References 57 Characterization of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Using Hot-Tip Probe Method 57.1 Introduction 57.2 Experimental Results and Discussion References 58 Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure Effect on the Optical Rectification in a Semi-Parabolic Quantum Dot Associated with the Excitonic System 58.1 Introduction 58.2 Theory and Model 58.3 Results 58.4 Conclusion References 59 Sensitivity Enhancement by Varying the Orientation of Phase Shifters Based on Non-reciprocal Phase Shift in Fiber Loop Mirror Configuration 59.1 Introduction 59.2 Experimental Details 59.3 Results and Discussion 59.4 Conclusion References 60 Identification of Potassium Based Toxic Element by Using Bi-Taper Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 60.1 Introduction 60.2 Experimental Details 60.3 Results and Discussion 60.4 Conclusion References 61 Telecom-Band Wavelength Conversion in Air-Clad Silicon Waveguides 61.1 Introduction 61.2 Theory 61.3 Device Design and Fabrication 61.4 Experiment and Results 61.5 Conclusion References 62 Study of Various Structures of Bragg Fibers Based on Modal Analysis 62.1 Introduction 62.1.1 Periodic Bragg Fiber 62.1.2 Bragg Fiber with Defective Layer 62.1.3 Plasma in Cladding Region References Part VIIPO: Innovative Packaging of Optical Systems 63 Design and Optimization of Isostatic Mount for Space Borne Mirror 63.1 Introduction 63.1.1 Principle 63.1.2 Methodology 63.1.3 Materials 63.1.4 Design 63.1.5 Acceptance Criteria and Analysis (Using SolidWorks) 63.2 Tables and Figures 63.3 Summary References 64 Wave Front Error Analysis of High-Performance Optics 64.1 Introduction 64.2 Research Methodology 64.3 Results and Discussions References 65 Field Portable Micro Endoscopy for In Vivo Microscopy of Cancerous Tissue: A Point of Care Device 65.1 Introduction 65.2 Experimental Setup 65.3 Sample Preparation 65.4 Results 65.5 Conclusion References 66 Field Portable Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy 66.1 Introduction 66.2 Experimental Details 66.3 Results and Discussion 66.4 Conclusion References Part VIIIRP: IR Sensors, Image Processing and Systems 67 Real-Time Video Processing System for Fixed-Wing UAV 67.1 Introduction 67.2 Methodology 67.2.1 Logical Implementation 67.2.2 Hardware Implementation 67.3 Result and Discussion References 68 Optical Performance Evaluation of Infrared Microlens by Direct Wavefront Sensing at LWIR Wavelength 68.1 Introduction 68.2 Experimental Methodology 68.3 Results and Discussion References 69 Integrated Image Processing Modules for Hassle Free Monitoring of Border Area 69.1 Introduction 69.1.1 Background 69.1.2 Pre-processing 69.1.3 Information Extraction 69.2 Proposed Work 69.2.1 Development of Image Processing Modules 69.2.2 Integrated Image Processing Module for Hassle-Free Monitoring 69.3 Results and Discussion 69.4 Conclusion References 70 Photoacoustic Sensor Using a Broad Spectrum Source for Vehicle Exhaust Measurements 70.1 Introduction 70.2 Experimental Setup 70.3 Results and Discussions References 71 Trade off Studies for Different Parameters in Laser Range Gated Stereoscopic Imaging 71.1 Introduction 71.2 Design Methodology 71.3 Results 71.4 Conclusion References 72 High Frame Rate Laser Spot Profiler for DEW Diagnostics 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Design Methodology 72.3 Results 72.4 Conclusion References 73 Development of High Resolution 3rd Generation Infrared Imaging System Based on Advanced Type II Super Lattice Detector 73.1 Introduction 73.2 Overview on System Design Parameters 73.3 Architectural Design of Signal Processing Module 73.4 Specifications of Developed IR Imaging System 73.5 System Performance and Results 73.6 Conclusion References 74 Infrared Image Quality Improvement Through Guided Filter Based Novel Edge-Detection, Edge-Preservation and Smoothening Filter Algorithm 74.1 Introduction 74.2 Background 74.2.1 Canny Operator Theory 74.2.2 Guided Filter 74.2.3 Proposed Method 74.3 Conclusion References 75 Robust Visual Tracking with Occlusion Handling Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling 75.1 Introduction 75.2 Visual Tracking Algorithm 75.2.1 Target Detection 75.2.2 Filtering 75.2.3 Tracking 75.3 Result 75.4 Performance Analysis References 76 Infrared Image Enhancement Using Convolution Matrices 76.1 Introduction 76.2 Image Enhancement 76.2.1 Histogram Equalization (HE) 76.2.2 Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) 76.3 Results References 77 Video Smoothening Using Features Matching 77.1 Introduction 77.1.1 Digital Image Stabilization 77.2 Video Stabilization Algorithm 77.3 Performance Analysis 77.4 Conclusion References 78 Hybrid Approach for Image Enhancement of Long Range Electro-optical Surveillance Systems 78.1 Introduction 78.1.1 Digital Image Enhancement Technique 78.1.2 Optical Filtering 78.2 Proposed Work 78.2.1 Image Enhancement Using Optical Technique 78.2.2 Image Enhancement Using Digital Image Processing Technique 78.2.3 Image Enhancement Using Hybrid Approach (Combination of Optical and Digital Image Processing Technique) 78.3 Results and Discussion 78.4 Conclusion References 79 Estimation of Motion Blur Parameter 79.1 Introduction 79.1.1 Motion Blur Model 79.1.2 Estimation of Direction of Motion Blur 79.1.3 Estimation of Length of Motion Blur 79.2 Results References 80 Acoustic Emission-Based Leakage Detection System Using Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (COTDR) 80.1 Introduction 80.2 Analytical Modeling for Acoustic Emissions from Pipe Leaks 80.3 Simulation Model 80.4 Results and Discussion 80.5 Conclusions References 81 Power Supply Delay Scheme to Avoid Jerky Motion at Power ON of Gimbaled Sight 81.1 Introduction 81.2 Problem Statement and Proposed Scheme 81.3 Realization and Experimental Result 81.4 Conclusion References 82 Design and Development of Mega Pixel Infrared Detector Based Long Range Surveillance System (MILRS) 82.1 Introduction 82.2 MILRS Configuration 82.3 Results and Analysis References 83 Design and Development of Multi-spectral Sight Based on Broadband Detector and Visible Sensor (MSS) 83.1 Introduction 83.2 Design Configuration 83.3 Results and Analysis References 84 Image Processing Technique for Field of View Measurement of Electro-Optical Imaging System 84.1 Introduction 84.2 Test Setup 84.3 Development of the GUI 84.4 Result and Discussions 84.5 Conclusion References 85 Kalman Filter Based Point Target Tracking 85.1 Methodology 85.1.1 Variance Analysis Based Target Detection 85.1.2 Kalman Filtering [1] 85.1.3 Target Tracking 85.1.4 Steps of Algorithm 85.2 Results References Part VIIILFA: Lasers, Fiber Lasers and Its Applications 86 A 1531.52 nm Tunable Diode Laser-Based System for High-Sensitivity Remote Monitoring of Acetylene and Ammonia Leaks in Industrial Plants 86.1 Introduction 86.2 Experimental Setup and Results 86.2.1 Multi-point Detection of C2H2 and NH3 Over a Fiber-Optic Network 86.2.2 Temperature Measurements Using Ratio Thermometry 86.3 Conclusion References 87 Efficient, Cost Effective and Compact Device for Speckle Reduction in Laser Projectors and Laser TVs 87.1 Introduction 87.2 Results and Discussion 87.3 Conclusion References 88 Self-Similar Compression of Low Power Solitons at 800 nm Using Chloroform Infiltrated Taper Photonic Crystal Fiber 88.1 Introduction 88.2 Numerical Modeling 88.3 Results and Discussions References 89 Identification of the Explosive Mixtures Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) 89.1 Introduction 89.2 Experimental Details 89.3 Results and Discussion 89.4 Conclusions References 90 Femtosecond Laser Assisted Fabrication and Characterization of Waveguide Structures Inside Z-cut LiNbO3 Crystal 90.1 Introduction 90.2 Fabrication Details 90.3 Results and Discussion 90.4 Conclusions References 91 Determination of Ash Content in Coal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Multivariate Analysis 91.1 Introduction 91.2 Experimental Setup 91.3 Results References 92 Effect of Laser Energy on Underwater Acoustic Shockwave Emissions from Optical Breakdown 92.1 Introduction 92.2 Experimental Setup 92.3 Results and Discussion 92.3.1 Time-Domain 92.3.2 Frequency Domain 92.4 Conclusions References 93 Acoustic Measurements on Femtosecond Laser Induced Filaments 93.1 Introduction 93.2 Experimental Details 93.3 Results and Discussion References 94 Electronics Design Scheme for Athermal Diode Pumped Laser Target Designator 94.1 Introduction 94.2 Electronics Design Summary 94.3 Result and Discussion 94.4 Conclusion References 95 Optics for Miniaturized Eye-Safe Laser Range Finder 95.1 Introduction 95.2 Principle 95.3 Brief Description 95.4 Results 95.5 Conclusion References 96 Control of Optical Bistability in Erbium Doped Fiber Laser by Wavelength Tuning 96.1 Introduction 96.2 Experimental Details 96.3 Results and Discussion 96.4 Conclusion References 97 Amplitude Modulated Quantum Cascade Laser Based SF6 Gas Sensing 97.1 Introduction 97.2 Target Gas Molecule 97.3 Detector Setup 97.4 Result and Discussion 97.5 Conclusion References 98 Comparison of PMT and APD Based Receiver for Air to Underwater Laser Communication 98.1 Introduction 98.2 Communication Link Model and Formulation 98.3 Results and Discussion 98.4 Conclusion References 99 Performance of Ceramic 1.1% Nd:YAG Based Diode Pumped Laser Resonator 99.1 Introduction 99.2 Experimental Set-Up 99.3 Results and Conclusion References 100 Prism Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Biomedical Applications 100.1 Introduction 100.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensors 100.3 Applications 100.4 Conclusion References 101 Biomolecule Characterization Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 101.1 Introduction 101.1.1 Sample Preparation 101.1.2 Experimental setup 101.2 Results References 102 Ultrafast Micromachining Based Fabrication and Characterization of Polarization Sensitive 3D Micro Grating Structures in Polymer Material 102.1 Introduction 102.2 Experimental Setup 102.3 Result and Discussion 102.4 Conclusion References 103 Numerical Simulation of Rogue Waves Due to Spectral Filtering Effect in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser 103.1 Introduction 103.2 Numerical Simulation 103.3 Simulation Results 103.4 Conclusion References 104 Classical Optic Radial-Angular Entanglement 104.1 Introduction 104.2 Radial–Angular Entanglement in LG Mode Superpositions 104.3 Simulation Results References 105 Nanoparticle Enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Liquids 105.1 Introduction 105.2 Experimental Details 105.3 Results and Discussion 105.4 Conclusions References Part IXMHI: Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging 106 Spectral Calibration of VNIR Hyperspectral Imager 106.1 Introduction 106.2 Proposed Method 106.3 Results and Discussion References 107 A Weighted Multi-scale Fusion Technique for Single Image Haze Removal 107.1 Introduction 107.2 De-hazing by Fusion 107.3 Simulation Results 107.4 Conclusion References Part XNDA: Nanophotonics Devices and Applications 108 Bimetallic Black Phosphorous Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor with Enhanced Sensitivity 108.1 Introduction 108.2 Results and Discussion References 109 Study of Plasmonic Meta-Surface for Field Enhancement 109.1 Introduction 109.2 Numerical Modelling 109.3 Results and Discussion References 110 All Dielectric Metasurface for Electro-optic Modulator 110.1 Introduction 110.2 Results and Discussions 110.3 Conclusion References 111 Loss Compensation in Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide by Controlled Electron Injection 111.1 Introduction 111.2 Device Design and Working 111.3 Conclusion References 112 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Studies of Ti and Hybrid Ti-Au Nanoparticles Generated by Laser Ablation in Liquids 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Experimental Details 112.3 Result and Discussions 112.4 Conclusions References 113 Slot Waveguide with Grating Based Cladding for Protein Detection 113.1 Introduction 113.2 Proposed Design Structure 113.3 Waveguide Propagation and Sensing Characteristics 113.4 Conclusion References 114 Wavelength Effect on Gold Nanoparticles Fabrication in Picosecond Laser Ablation and Evaluation of SERS Performance in Explosive Detection 114.1 Introduction 114.2 Experimental Details 114.3 Results and Discussions 114.4 Conclusions References 115 Fabrication of a Tri-layered Metamaterial Absorber at Long-Wave Infrared Frequencies 115.1 Introduction 115.2 Results and Discussion 115.3 Conclusions References Part XIOIM: Optical Interferometry and Metrology 116 Mean Gradient Descent Algorithm for Single-Shot Interferogram Analysis 116.1 Introduction 116.1.1 Mean Gradient Descent Algorithm 116.2 Simulation Results 116.3 Conclusion References 117 Collimation Testing and Coherence Length Measurement of Short Coherence Laser Beams Using a Compact Holographic Shearing Interferometer 117.1 Introduction 117.2 Experimental Set-Up 117.3 Collimation Testing of Short Coherence Laser Beam 117.4 Coherence Length Measurement 117.5 Conclusion References 118 High Speed Non-destructive Testing Method Using Digital Holographic Interferometry 118.1 Introduction 118.2 Theory 118.3 Results and Conclusions References 119 Sphere-Spectroradiometry: Spectral Flux Evaluation 119.1 Introduction 119.2 Theoretical Equations 119.3 Experiment and Results 119.4 Results References 120 Application of DCT Based Sub-Nyquist Sensing in Optical Interferometry 120.1 Introduction 120.2 Theory and Experiment 120.3 Results and Conclusion References 121 Optical Surface Profiling Using Beamlet Deflection Method 121.1 Introduction 121.2 Methodology and Experimental Investigation Using Beamlet Deflection Technique 121.3 Conclusion References 122 Influence of Lateral Resolution in Measurement of Surface Profile 122.1 Introduction 122.2 Experimental Setup 122.3 Results 122.4 Conclusion References 123 A Robust Blockwise Biospeckle Indexing Technique for Assessment of Soybean Seed Viability 123.1 Introduction 123.2 Theory 123.2.1 Temporal History of Speckle Pattern (THSP) and Co-occurrence Matrix (COM) 123.2.2 Proposed Strategy 123.3 Experimental Arrangement 123.3.1 Sample Preparation 123.3.2 Setup 123.4 Results and Discussion References 124 Application of Biospeckle Analysis Method for Investigating the Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Imbibition 124.1 Introduction 124.2 Material and Methods 124.2.1 Sample Preparation 124.2.2 Experimental Arrangement 124.2.3 Analysis Method 124.3 Result and Discussion References 125 Light Scattering from Mixtures of Turbid Media: Determination of Interaction Coefficient 125.1 Introduction 125.2 Methodology 125.3 Results and Discussion References 126 Longitudinal Spatial Coherence Gated Optical Tomography and Topography 126.1 Introduction 126.2 Experimental Setup 126.3 Results and Discussions References 127 Optical Fiber Based Dual Wavelength Spectral Domain Low Coherence Interferometry for Biomedical Applications 127.1 Introduction 127.2 Methodology 127.3 Results and Discussion References 128 Single-Shot Jones Matrix Microscopy 128.1 Introduction 128.2 Setup and Basic Principle 128.3 Experiment and Results 128.4 Conclusion References 129 A Method to Distinguish C-Point from V-Point 129.1 Introduction 129.2 Simulation Results and Discussion References 130 Study of Array Detector Based Spectrophotometer for Sphere Photometry 130.1 Introduction 130.2 Experiment 130.3 Results 130.4 Conclusion References 131 Revealing Relative Phase Shift of Individual Beams Through the Phase of the Superposed Beam 131.1 Introduction 131.2 Simulation Results References 132 In-Plane Displacement Component Measurement Using Fourier Transform Filtering Technique 132.1 Introduction 132.2 Experimental Details 132.3 Results 132.4 Discussion and Conclusion References 133 Efficient Generation of Cylindrical Perfect Vector Vortex Beam by Tailoring Relative Phase on SLM 133.1 Introduction 133.2 Experimental Methods and Results 133.3 Conclusions References 134 Impact of Discriminator Threshold and PMT Gain on Photon Counts 134.1 Introduction 134.1.1 Experimental Setup 134.2 Results and Discussion References 135 Computational Analysis on Gaussian Spectral Apodizing Filters to Realize Various Standard Color Illuminants 135.1 Introduction 135.2 Principle 135.3 Methodology 135.4 Results and Discussion References 136 Effect of Tritter on the Amplitude-Squared Squeezing of Light 136.1 Introduction 136.2 Amplitude-Squared Squeezing and Its Enhancement by the Tritter References Part XIIOIP: Optical Image Processing and Holography 137 Dynamic Laser Speckle Technique to Assess the Drying Time of Asian Paint on Plywoods 137.1 Introduction 137.2 Theory 137.3 Experimental 137.4 Results and Discussions 137.5 Conclusion References 138 Biospeckle Activity Analysis of Root Tissues Grown in Hydroponic Medium Using Image Processing Algorithms 138.1 Introduction 138.1.1 Theory 138.1.2 Materials and Methods 138.1.3 Experimental Set Up 138.2 Results and Discussion 138.3 Conclusion References 139 Non-contact Evaluation of Recoil System Parameters by Time Resolved Optical Tracking and Image Processing 139.1 Introduction 139.2 Methodology 139.3 Results and Discussion 139.4 Conclusion References 140 Highly Stable, Field Portable, Single Shot and Low Cost LED Based Digital Holographic Microscope 140.1 Introduction 140.2 Experimental Setup 140.3 Results and Discussion 140.4 Conclusion References 141 Comparison of Image Encoding Using Random Mask Generated by Spatial Light Modulators (SLM) 141.1 Introduction 141.2 Image Encoding 141.2.1 Convolution with a Random Mask 141.2.2 Multiplication with a Random Mask 141.3 Conclusion References 142 Fluorescence Imaging-Based System for Performing White Blood Cell Counts 142.1 Introduction 142.2 Materials and Methods 142.3 Experimental Results and Discussion References 143 Effect of Detector’s Noise in White Light Interferometry Based Quantitative Phase Microscopy 143.1 Introduction 143.2 Materials and Methods 143.3 Results and Discussion 143.4 Conclusion References 144 White Light Interference Microscopy for Quantitative Phase Imaging of Biological Samples Using Hilbert Transform 144.1 Introduction 144.2 Experimental Setup 144.3 Results and Discussion 144.4 Conclusions References 145 Activity Assessment of Bruised Regions on Sapodilla Caused by Different Impact Energies Using Bio-speckle Technique 145.1 Introduction 145.2 Theory 145.3 Experimental 145.4 Results and Discussions 145.5 Conclusion References 146 Temperature Profile Measurement of Kerosene Lamp Flame Using Digital Holographic Interferometry 146.1 Introduction 146.2 Theory 146.3 Method 146.4 Result 146.5 Conclusion References 147 Amplitude Object Reconstruction at Multiple Planes Using Transport of Intensity Equation 147.1 Introduction 147.2 Transport of Intensity Equation 147.3 Amplitude Object Reconstruction at Multiple Plane 147.4 Conclusions References 148 Graphical and Numerical Analysis of Biospeckle Image 148.