I mille volti del regime : opposizione e consenso nella cultura giuridica, economica e politica italiana tra le due guerre

The volume collects eight essays on Italian politics, economics, law and culture during Fascism. Several of the writings highlight the role played by important personalities, some attached to the regime, such as Guido Jung or Alberto Beneduce, some at the opposition, as Luigi Sturzo and Alcide De Gasperi. Other essays focus on the relationship between fascism and scholars of law as Costantino Mortati and Vezio Crisafulli, or economists such as Vilfredo Pareto and Maffeo Pantaleoni. Lastly, three writings deal, respectively, with the dissolution of the Masonic lodges in 1925, the extension of the legal institute of self defense to the protection of property, and, finally, the problems incurred by Italy between the 1920s and 1930s in repaying the debts contracted during the First World War. Il volume raccoglie otto saggi su rilevanti vicende della politica, dell’economia, del diritto e della cultura in Italia durante il fascismo. Alcuni di questi scritti fanno emergere il ruolo svolto da importanti personalità del Ventennio, come Guido Jung o Alberto Beneduce, ma anche dell’opposizione al fascismo come Luigi Sturzo e Alcide De Gasperi. Altri si soffermano sul rapporto tra il regime e una serie di studiosi del diritto come Costantino Mortati e Vezio Crisafulli, o dell’economia come Vilfredo Pareto e Mafeo Pantaleoni. Con taglio tematico, ulteriori tre saggi affrontano argomenti di sicuro interesse storico: lo scioglimento delle logge massoniche da parte del fascismo nel 1925, l’estensione dell’istituto giuridico della legittima difesa al fine di tutelare non solo l’integrità fisica degli individui ma anche i loro beni, e, infine, lo svilupparsi tra gli anni Venti e Trenta della vicenda riguardante il pagamento dei debiti esteri contratti dall’Italia a seguito della Prima guerra mondiale. Prefazione Lucilla Conigliello Presentazione Piero Bini I cattolici e la politica fra le due guerre. Dalla lotta fra popolarismo e clerico-fascismo alla nascita della democrazia cristiana Giuseppe Matulli La cesura dottrinale di fine anni Trenta. Itinerari della giuspubblicistica italiana tra fascismo e Repubblica Massimiliano Gregorio* «Al privato onesto un’arma legittima». Per una genealogia della legittima difesa tra il moderamen inculpatae tutelae e la difesa legittima del diritto penale fascista Domenico Siciliano* Nazionalismo economico e problemi della guerra e del dopoguerra italiano* Piero Barucci Jung, Beneduce e i primi anni dell’Iri (1932-1936) Nicola De Ianni* Giuristi ed economisti nella massoneria italiana fra le due guerre Fulvio Conti* I fattori soggettivi nel «moderno capitalismo». La complicata ricezione italiana e le questioni insolute nel pensiero di W. Sombart Vitantonio Gioia* Una montagna di debiti. L’Italia e la gestione del debito pubblico tra le due guerre Marianna Astore* Bibliografia a cura di Massimo Giani e Chiara Melani The volume collects eight essays on Italian politics, economics, law and culture during Fascism. Several of the writings highlight the role played by important personalities, some attached to the regime, such as Guido Jung or Alberto Beneduce, some at the opposition, as Luigi Sturzo and Alcide De Gasperi. Other essays focus on the relationship between fascism and scholars of law as Costantino Mortati and Vezio Crisafulli, or economists such as Vilfredo Pareto and Maffeo Pantaleoni. Lastly, three writings deal, respectively, with the dissolution of the Masonic lodges in 1925, the extension of the legal institute of self defense to the protection of property, and, finally, the problems incurred by Italy between the 1920s and 1930s in repaying the debts contracted during the First World War. [Publisher's text] The contribution is meant to reconstruct the crucial passage from the 'liberal' conception of self defence (e.g.: Carrara) to that of the Positive School (for all: Fioretti), which was further articulated by Fascist criminal legal doctrine (Manzini, the Rocco brothers) and imposed with the Italian penal code of 1930. The former conception, in the wake of Beccaria and his thematisation of crime as a political and social problem, does not fundamentally allow the deadly self-defence in the protection of property. For the latter, the 'subjects' have a 'right' to defend their property, and with it society, even by deadly force. The contribution highlights the partially dissonant voice of the Court of Cassation, which in one opinion reminded the Fascist state the intrinsic weakness of such a conception The surge in public debt during the recent pandemic crisis has made high debt a prominent policy issue. Italy is an interesting case study since it has experienced high levels of debt for a significant part of its history. This article revisits the history of Italian public debts in the inter-war period. Italy emerged from WWI with public debt that peaked around 160 percent of GDP. In the mid-1920s a significant reduction of public debt occurred, in concomitance with a regime of fiscal austerity and two restructuring agreements that wiped more than 80 percent of Italian foreign debts. By the early 1930s, the US reaction to the Great Depression that opposed any form of international cooperation, led to an Italian default on war debts in 1934 and a move toward autarky