Hypertension: a Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease

The third edition of **__Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease,__** by Drs. George L. Bakris and Matthew Sorrentino, focuses on every aspect of **managing and treating patients** who suffer from hypertensive disorders. Designed for cardiologists, endocrinologists and nephrologists alike, this **expansive, in-depth review** boasts expert guidance from contributors worldwide, keeping you abreast of the latest developments from **basic science to clinical trials and guidelines**. __Hypertension__ also includes an Expert Consult eBook **updated with late-breaking clinical trials**, **reviews of important new articles**, and the **latest guidance on clinical practice**, all selected and masterfully edited by Dr. Eugene Braunwald. Inside Cover Copyright Contributors Foreword Preface Braunwald’s Heart Disease Family of Books Section I: Epidemiology Chapter 1: General Population and Global Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Chapter 2: Hypertension in Latin/Hispanic Population Chapter 3: Hypertension in East Asians and Native Hawaiians Chapter 4: Hypertension in South Asians Section II: Pathophysiology Chapter 5: Pathogenesis of Hypertension Chapter 6: Genetics of Hypertension Chapter 7: Inflammation and Immunity in Hypertension Section III: Diagnosis and Evaluation Chapter 8: The Environment and High Blood Pressure Chapter 9: Office Blood Pressure Measurement Chapter 10: Home Monitoring of Blood Pressure Chapter 11: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Clinical Hypertension Management Chapter 12: White-Coat and Masked Hypertension Chapter 13: Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy Chapter 14: Secondary Hypertension: Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Mineralocorticoid Excess States Chapter 15: Secondary Hypertension: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Chapter 16: Secondary Hypertension: Sleep Disturbances Including Sleep Apnea Chapter 17: Hypertension in Children: Diagnosis and Treatment Section IV: Risk Stratification Chapter 18: The Natural History of UntreatedHypertension Chapter 19: Isolated Systolic Hypertension Chapter 20: Assessment of Target Organ Damage Section V: Antihypertensive Therapy Chapter 21: Diet and Blood Pressure Chapter 22: Diuretics in Hypertension Chapter 23: Peripheral Adrenergic Blockers Chapter 24: Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Blockers Chapter 25: Calcium Channel Blockers Chapter 26: Central Sympathetic Agents and Direct Vasodilators Chapter 27: Use of Combination Therapies Chapter 28: Device Therapies Chapter 29: Alternative Approaches for Lowering Blood Pressure Section VI: Hypertension Management Chapter 30: Approach to Difficult to Manage Primary Hypertension Chapter 31: Hypertension in Ischemic Heart Disease Chapter 32: Heart Failure Chapter 33: Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 34: Transplant Hypertension Chapter 35: Obesity Chapter 36: Cerebrovascular Disease Chapter 37: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 38: Dyslipidemia Section VII: Special Populations and Special Situations Chapter 39: Hypertension in Pregnancy Chapter 40: Hypertension in Older People Chapter 41: Hypertension in African Americans Chapter 42: Orthostatic Hypotension Chapter 43: Resistant Hypertension Chapter 44: Hypertension and the Perioperative Period Chapter 45: Aorta and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Hypertension Chapter 46: Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies Section VIII: Outcome Trials Chapter 47: Meta-Analyses of Blood Pressure Lowering Trials and the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration Section IX: Hypertension Treatment in the Future Chapter 48: Team-Based Care for Hypertension Management Chapter 49: Understanding and Improving Medication Adherence Section X: Guidelines Chapter 50: Updated American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology; European Society of Hypertension/International Society of Hypertension Guidelines Chapter 51: Putting All Guidelines Into Perspective Index MEASURING THE BLOOD PRESSURE -- Which Arm Should Be Used? -- STANDARDIZED MONITORING FOR ACCURACY, REPRODUCIBILITY, AND OBSERVER BIAS -- INSPECT EQUIPMENT FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE -- ASSESS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT -- ASSESS PERFORMANCE REGARDING BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS -- SUMMARY -- References -- 10 - Home Monitoring of Blood Pressure -- ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS -- CLINICAL INDICATIONS -- PROGNOSTIC VALUE -- Association With Target-Organ Damage -- Prediction of Cardiovascular Events -- HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION -- Treatment Adjustment -- Long-Term Follow-Up -- Nocturnal Home Blood Pressure Monitoring -- HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS -- Children -- Elderly -- Pregnancy -- Obesity -- Atrial Fibrillation -- Diabetes -- Chronic Kidney Disease -- COST-EFFECTIVENESS -- HOME BLOOD PRESSURE TELEMONITORING -- HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN RESEARCH -- HOME VERSUS AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING -- HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING RECOMMENDATIONS (TABLE 10.2) -- Devices -- Monitoring Conditions and Procedure -- Monitoring Schedule -- Reporting of Home Blood Pressure Values -- Diagnostic Threshold and Interpretation -- SUMMARY -- References -- 11 - Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Clinical Hypertension Management -- CIRCADIAN VARIATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE -- Clinical Importance of Nighttime Decline ("Dipping") in Blood Pressure -- PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE -- USE OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION -- USEFUL SITUATIONS FOR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG TRIALS -- Utility of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Dose-Finding Studies -- Eprosartan -- Eplerenone -- Utility of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Clinical Comparator Trials -- Comparisons within the Same Class Front Cover -- IFC -- HYPERTENSION: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease -- HYPERTENSION: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- Braunwald's Heart Disease Family of Books -- BRAUNWALD'S HEART DISEASE COMPANIONS -- BRAUNWALD'S HEART DISEASE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT -- BRAUNWALD'S HEART DISEASE IMAGING COMPANIONS -- COMING SOON! -- HYPERTENSION: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease -- I - Epidemiology -- 1 - General Population and Global Cardiovascular Risk Prediction -- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS -- PREVALENCE AND SECULAR TRENDS -- RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION -- Age -- Weight -- Other Risk Factors -- Genetic Factors -- CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE -- SEQUELAE AND OUTCOMES WITH HYPERTENSION -- Importance of Systolic Blood Pressure -- Renal Disease -- Cognitive Function -- Competing Outcomes With Hypertension -- RISK FACTOR CLUSTERING -- GLOBAL RISK ASSESSMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR HYPERTENSION TREATMENT -- IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE -- SUMMARY -- References -- 2 - Hypertension in Latin/Hispanic Population -- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN LATIN/HISPANIC POPULATION -- ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN REGION AND THE UNITED STATES -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 3 - Hypertension in East Asians and Native Hawaiians -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION IN EAST ASIANS AND NATIVE HAWAIIANS -- Prevalence of Hypertension -- Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension -- OUTCOME TRIALS IN HYPERTENSION IN EAST ASIANS AND NATIVE HAWAIIANS -- Placebo-Controlled Trials -- Actively Controlled Trials -- Intensive Versus Less Intensive Blood Pressure Control -- Subgroups of Multinational Trials -- SUMMARY -- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST -- ACRONYMS OF TRIALS -- References Comparisons of Drugs Across Different Classes -- Timing of Drug Administration -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 12 - White-Coat and Masked Hypertension -- WHITE-COAT HYPERTENSION AND MASKED HYPERTENSION IN UNTREATED INDIVIDUALS -- Definition -- White-Coat Hypertension -- Masked Hypertension -- Prevalence -- White-Coat Hypertension -- Masked Hypertension -- Clinical Significance -- White-Coat Hypertension -- Masked Hypertension -- Management -- White-Coat Hypertension -- Masked Hypertension -- WHITE-COAT RESISTANT AND MASKED UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION IN TREATED HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS -- Definition -- White-Coat Resistant Hypertension -- Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension -- Prevalence -- White-Coat Resistant Hypertension -- Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension -- Clinical Significance -- White-Coat Resistant Hypertension -- Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension -- Management -- White-Coat Resistant Hypertension -- Masked Resistant Hypertension -- SUMMARY -- References -- 13 - Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy -- ADVANCES AND MAJOR POINTS OF EMPHASIS -- DISEASE DEFINITION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSIS -- Clinical Manifestations -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Studies -- Imaging Studies -- Duplex Ultrasonography -- Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography -- Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Magnetic Resonance -- Radionuclide Studies: Captopril Renography -- Intraarterial Angiography -- Differential Diagnosis -- TREATMENT OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION AND ISCHEMIC NEPHROPATHY -- Renal Revascularization -- Angioplasty for Fibromuscular Disease -- Treatment Trials -- MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION AND ISCHEMIC NEPHROPATHY -- References -- 14 - Secondary Hypertension: Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Mineralocorticoid Excess States -- PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM -- CLINICAL PRESENTATION THE CONTRIBUTION OF GENETICS TO THE BLOOD PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION -- MONOGENIC (SECONDARY) HYPERTENSION -- Glucocorticoid-Remediable Aldosteronism -- Gordon Syndrome -- Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type III -- Liddle Syndrome -- Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess -- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia -- GENOMICS OF PRIMARY HYPERTENSION -- Making Clinical Use of Blood Pressure Genomics -- SUMMARY -- References -- 7 - Inflammation and Immunity in Hypertension -- HISTORICAL ASPECTS REGARDING INFLAMMATION AND HYPERTENSION -- BASIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO HYPERTENSION -- THE ROLE OF IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION AS MEDIATORS OF HYPERTENSION -- Cytokine Release -- Oxidative Injury -- Matrix Reorganization -- Enhanced Chemotaxis -- MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN HYPERTENSION: POSSIBLE ROLE OF NEOANTIGENS -- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS REGARDING INFLAMMATION IN HYPERTENSION -- References -- III - Diagnosis and Evaluation -- 8 - The Environment and High Blood Pressure -- Colder Ambient Temperature and Winter Season -- Noise -- Higher Altitude -- Air Pollution -- Other Environmental Factors -- Summary of Evidence -- CLINICAL PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS -- References -- 9 - Office Blood Pressure Measurement -- A BRIEF HISTORY OF MORE THAN A CENTURY OF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT -- THE IMPORTANCE OF CAREFUL BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT FOR THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ABOUT ELEMENTAL MERCURY IN THE MEDICAL WORKPLACE -- HOW CAN THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE BE IMPROVED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE? -- BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT: PROPER TECHNIQUE FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE AND IMPROVEMENT -- CRITICAL SKILLS FOR ANY BLOOD PRESSURE OBSERVER -- MANOMETERS AND THEIR CALIBRATION -- Calibrating the Manometer -- STETHOSCOPES -- SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF THE PROPER BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF -- PREPARING FOR AN ACCURATE READING 4 - HYPERTENSION IN SOUTH ASIANS -- PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN SOUTH ASIAN POPULATIONS -- Definition of Hypertension in the South Asian Population -- Prevalence of Hypertension in South Asia -- Prevalence of Hypertension in SouthAsians Who Have Migrated to NorthAmerica or Europe -- RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN SOUTH ASIAN POPULATIONS -- Genetic Factors -- MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN SOUTH ASIANS -- Lifestyle and Behavioral Modification -- Initiation of Antihypertensive Therapy and Treatment Targets -- Choice of Pharmacotherapy -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- II - Pathophysiology -- 5 - Pathogenesis of Hypertension -- CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD FLOW, AND CARDIAC OUTPUT -- LONG-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL: ROLE OF RENAL PRESSURE NATRIURESIS -- SALT SENSITIVITY AND HYPERTENSION -- Loss of Nephrons and Kidney Injury Cause Salt Sensitivity -- Inability to Effectively Modulate the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Causes Salt Sensitivity -- Endothelin and Salt Sensitivity -- Genetic Causes of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension -- RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM -- Ang II and Long-Term Blood Pressure Regulation -- SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM -- ENDOTHELIN -- NITRIC OXIDE -- OXIDATIVE STRESS -- PRIMARY (ESSENTIAL) HYPERTENSION -- POSSIBLE ROLE OF GENE VARIANTS, GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, AND EPIGENETICS IN PRIMARY HYPERTENSION -- ROLE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN PRIMARY HYPERTENSION -- Ang II Increases Sodium Reabsorption in Obesity Hypertension -- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation Increases Sodium Reabsorption in Obesity Hypertension -- Leptin May Link Increased Adiposity With Sympathetic Nervous System Activation -- The Central Nervous System Proopiomelanocortin Pathway May Contribute to Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Obesity -- SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES -- References -- 6 - Genetics of Hypertension The third edition of Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, by Drs. George L. Bakris and Matthew Sorrentino, focuses on every aspect of managing and treating patients who suffer from hypertensive disorders. Designed for cardiologists, endocrinologists and nephrologists alike, this expansive, in-depth review boasts expert guidance from contributors worldwide, keeping you abreast of the latest developments from basic science to clinical trials and guidelines. Hypertension also includes an Expert Consult eBook updated with late-breaking clinical trials, reviews of important new articles, and the latest guidance on clinical practice, all selected and masterfully edited by Dr. Eugene Braunwald. New to this Edition: Covers new developments in epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, clinical findings, laboratory testing, invasive and non-invasive testing, risk stratification, clinical decision-making, prognosis, and management. Includes chapters on hot topics such as hypertension as an immune disease; sleep disorders including sleep apnea, a major cause of hypertension; a novel chapter on environmental pollution and its contribution to endothelial dysfunction, and more! Equips you with the most recent guidelines from the major societies. Updates sourced from the main Braunwald's Heart Disease text. Highlights new combination drug therapies and the management of chronic complications of hypertension. Key Features: Features expert guidance from worldwide contributors in cardiology, endocrinology, neurology and nephrology. Covers behavior management as an integral part of treatment plans for hypertensives and pre-hypertensives. -- Publisher The third edition of Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, by Drs. George L. Bakris and Matthew Sorrentino, focuses on every aspect of managing and treating patients who suffer from hypertensive disorders. Designed for cardiologists, endocrinologists and nephrologists alike, this expansive, in-depth review boasts expert guidance from contributors worldwide, keeping you abreast of the latest developments from basic science to clinical trials and guidelines . Features expert guidance from worldwide contributors in cardiology, endocrinology, neurology and nephrology. Covers behavior management as an integral part of treatment plans for hypertensives and pre-hypertensives. Covers new developments in epidemiology, pathophysiology, immunology, clinical findings, laboratory testing, invasive and non-invasive testing, risk stratification, clinical decision-making, prognosis, and management. Includes chapters on hot topics such as hypertension as an immune disease ; sleep disorders including sleep apnea , a major cause of hypertension; a novel chapter on environmental pollution and its contribution to endothelial dysfunction , and more! Equips you with the most recent guidelines from the major societies . Updates sourced from the main Braunwald's Heart Disease text. Highlights new combination drug therapies and the management of chronic complications of hypertension. [edited By] George L. Bakris, Matthew J. Sorrentino. Complemented By: Braunwald's Heart Disease / Edited By Douglas L. Mann, Douglas P. Zipes, Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Eugene Braunwald. 10th Edition. 2015. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.