Hydrothermal Reactions for Materials Science and Engineering : An Overview of Research in Japan

According to the late Professor Emeritus Seitaro Tsuboi,l the word 'hydrothermal' was used as early as 1849 by a British geologist, Sir Roderick Murchison (1792-187 I), in relation to the action of heated water in bringing about change in the earth's crust. The term abounds in later geological literature, and is most frequently met in connection with the processes that take place at a stage near the closing in the course of consolidation of magma. When a cooling magma reaches that stage, the residual liquid contains a large proportion of volatile components, chiefly water, and further cooling results in the formation of minerals of special interest or ore-deposits. A great concern of Tsuboi's as a petrologist was to elucidate the details of the nature of various actions involved in these 'hydrothermal processes', of which little was known. It is remarkable that, in the last few decades, extensive high-temperature and high-pressure experiments, in which water plays an important role, have become practicable in laboratories, owing to the development of new apparatus and new methods. As a result, the knowledge essential to the elucidation of 'hydrothermal processes' has been improved, but is still far from complete. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering of Pure Cr 2 O 3 ....Pages 3-3 Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering of Cr 2 O 3 and Iron Oxides....Pages 4-14 Fabrication of Dense, Nonstabilized ZrO 2 Ceramics by Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering....Pages 15-15 Hydrothermal reaction sintering of monoclinic zirconia....Pages 16-23 Hydrothermal Reaction-Sintering of Monoclinic HfO 2 ....Pages 24-25 Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering of High Density Sintered Oxides....Pages 26-36 Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering of Oxides....Pages 37-45 Hydrothermal Preparation and Sintering of Fine Ceramic Powders....Pages 46-62 The Processing of a Permalloy-Magnetite Composite by Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering....Pages 63-68 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Preparation of Zirconia Fine Powders by the Reactions Between Zirconium Metal and High Temperature—High Pressure Solutions....Pages 71-74 Preparation of Fine Monoclinic Hafnia Powders by Hydrothermal Oxidation....Pages 75-75 Synthesis and Sintering of Zirconia Fine Powders by Hydrothermal Reactions from Zirconium Metal and High-Temperature High-Pressure Solutions....Pages 76-81 Hydrothermal Oxidation of Hf Metal Chips in the Preparation of Monoclinic HfO 2 Powders....Pages 82-84 Reaction Kinetics in the Hydrothermal Oxidation of Hf....Pages 85-89 Preparation of Mixed Fine Al 2 O 3 -HfO 2 Powders by Hydrothermal Oxidation....Pages 90-99 Preparation of Zirconia-Alumina Fine Powders by Hydrothermal Oxidation of Zr-Al Alloys....Pages 100-111 Formation of TiO 2 and ZnO Powders by Hydrothermal Oxidation of Ti and Zn Metals....Pages 112-125 Front Matter....Pages 127-127 Crystal Growth of Magnetite under Hydrothermal Condition with Hydrogen....Pages 129-130 Hydrothermal Growth of Brucite Crystals....Pages 131-131 Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of Magnetite in the Presence of Hydrogen....Pages 132-137 Front Matter....Pages 127-127 Crystal Growth of Sodium Iron Titanium Bronze Compounds under Hydrothermal Conditions....Pages 138-144 Hydrothermal Growth of Y 2 O 3 –Stabilized Cubic ZrO 2 Crystals....Pages 145-146 Hydrothermal Growth of Fayalite Crystals....Pages 147-154 Hydrothermal Growth of Fayalite Crystals....Pages 155-161 Hydrothermal Growth of Quartz Crystals in NaCl Solution....Pages 162-167 Hydrothermal crystal growth of perovskite-type fluorides....Pages 168-171 Hydrothermal Growth of Quartz Crystals in KCl Solution....Pages 172-175 Hydrothermal crystal growth of mixed crystals in the KMnF 3 -KCoF 3 system....Pages 176-181 Crystallization and crystal growth of CeO 2 under hydrothermal conditions....Pages 182-183 Hydrothermal Growth of Amethyst and Citrine in NaCl and KCl Solutions....Pages 184-188 Hydrothermal growth of La 3+ -doped SrF 2 single crystal....Pages 189-190 Crystal Growth of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Under Hydrothermal Conditions....Pages 191-193 Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of Calcite in NaCl and KCl Solutions....Pages 194-197 Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of BaPb 1–x Bi x O 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.30)....Pages 198-202 Solubility and Hydrothermal Growth of Calcite Single Crystal in Nitrate Solutions....Pages 203-206 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Hydrothermal Preparation of Ultrafine Monoclinic ZrO 2 Powder....Pages 209-209 Crystallizatioe and Transformation of Zirconia Under Hydrothermal Conditions....Pages 210-213 Crystallization and crystal growth of CeO 2 under hydrothermal conditions....Pages 214-215 Formation of Ultrafine Tetragonal ZrO 2 Powder Under Hydrothermal Conditions....Pages 216-219 Hydrothermal Crystallization and Crystal Growth of Un-doped and ZrO 2 -doped CeO 2 ....Pages 220-226 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Fine Zirconia Powders by Hydrothermal Processing....Pages 227-238 Cubie Eu-doped Hafnia Ultrafine Particles Crystallized under Hydrothermal Conditions....Pages 239-246 Hydrothermal Processing of Ultrafine Single-Crystal Zirconia and Hafnia Powders with Homogeneous Dopants....Pages 247-259 Front Matter....Pages 261-261 Fluid Inclusions in Hydrothermally Synthesized Brucite Crystals....Pages 263-270 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Topaz Crystals....Pages 271-279 Hydrothermal Synthesis and Sintering of LaCrO 3 ....Pages 280-283 Synthesis of LaCrO 3 Under Hydrothermal Conditions....Pages 284-288 Effects of Starting Materials and Temperature on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Aluminum Orthophosphate....Pages 289-298 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Oxides of Manganese Single Crystals....Pages 299-307 Hydrothermal Synthesis and Growth of La 1−x Sr x FeO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤0·1) Crystals....Pages 308-312 Synthesis of magnetite using ilmenite under hydrothermal conditions....Pages 313-314 Synthesis of Vanadium Sulfides under High Pressure....Pages 315-320 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Gallium Orthophosphate Crystals....Pages 321-324 Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Bapb 1−x Bi x O 3 ....Pages 325-328 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Graphitization of Carbon in Presence of Calcium Compounds under Hydrothermal Condition by Use of High Gas Pressure Apparatus....Pages 331-336 Hydration of Calcium Aluminates (3:1, 12:7, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:6) in Phosphoric Acid Solutions at Various Temperatures....Pages 337-347 Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes in Hydrothermal Synthetic Rock....Pages 348-350 Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes in Hydrothermal Synthetic Rock, (II)....Pages 351-353 Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes in Hydrothermal Synthetic Rock, (III)....Pages 354-362 Front Matter....Pages 363-363 Decomposition of Ilmenite under Hydrothermal Condition (Preliminary Work)....Pages 365-368 Front Matter....Pages 363-363 Decomposition of Ilmenite under Hydrothermal Condition....Pages 369-380 Reaction Products of Si 3 N 4 in Ammonia Solution at High Temperature Under High Pressure....Pages 381-385 Hydrothermal Decomposition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls....Pages 386-388 Decomposition of Ilmenite in KOH-H 2 O Solutions Under High-Pressure Conditions....Pages 389-389 Oxidation of SiC powder by high-temperature, high-pressure H 2 O....Pages 390-393 Dissolution and Reaction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystals in Hydrothermal Solutions....Pages 394-395 Role of H 2 O on the degradation process of Y-TZP....Pages 396-398 Oxidation of Non-oxide Ceramics by High-Temperature High-Pressure Water....Pages 399-414 Front Matter....Pages 415-415 Solidification of Glass Powder by A Hydrothermal Hot-Pressing Technique....Pages 417-422 A hydrothermal hot-pressing method: apparatus and application....Pages 423-424 Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes by Hydrothermal Hot Pressing....Pages 425-429 Front Matter....Pages 431-431 Fabrication of phosphate-bonded mica ceramics by hot isostatic processing....Pages 433-435 Fabrication of Nonadditive Mica Ceramics by Hot Isostatic Processing....Pages 436-436 Sintering of Synthetic Mica by a Hydrothermal Equipment....Pages 437-438 Sintering of Synthetic Mica by a Hydrothermal Hot Isostatic Process....Pages 439-441 High-Pressure Hot Isostatic Pressing of Synthetic Mica....Pages 442-443 Front Matter....Pages 445-445 Reactions of titanium metal powders with high-temperature high-pressure ammonia....Pages 447-449 Oxidation of Si 3 N 4 and Sic by High Temperature—High Pressure Water Vapor....Pages 450-457 Nitridation of Titanium and Zirconium Powders Mixed with Ammonium Chloride under High Temperature-High Pressure Ammonia....Pages 458-461 Nitridation of Titanium and Zirconium Powders Mixed with Ammonium Chloride under High Temperature-High Pressure Ammonia....Pages 462-470 Front Matter....Pages 471-471 Phase Equilibria in the System MgO-RCI (R = Li, Na and K) Solution under Hydrothermal Conditions by Means of a Capsule Bursting Method....Pages 473-480 Phase Equilibria in the System Nd 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 -H 2 O at 500°C under 100 MPa and Synthesis of NdP 5 O 14 Crystals....Pages 481-487 The Confirmation of Phase Equilibria in the System ZrO 2 -CeO 2 Below 1400°C....Pages 488-492 Revised Phase Diagram of the System ZrO 2 -CeO 2 Below 1400°C....Pages 493-497 Back Matter....Pages 499-505 According to the late Professor Emeritus Seitaro Tsuboi, l the word 'hydrothermal' was used as early as 1849 by a British geologist, Sir Roderick Murchison (1792-187 I), in relation to the action of heated water in bringing about change in the earth's crust. The term abounds in later geological literature, and is most frequently met in connection with the processes that take place at a stage near the closing in the course of consolidation of magma. When a cooling magma reaches that stage, the residual liquid contains a large proportion of volatile components, chiefly water, and further cooling results in the formation of minerals of special interest or ore-deposits. A great concern of Tsuboi's as a petrologist was to elucidate the details of the nature of various actions involved in these 'hydrothermal processes', of which little was known. It is remarkable that, in the last few decades, extensive high-temperature and high-pressure experiments, in which water plays an important role, have become practicable in laboratories, owing to the development of new apparatus and new methods. As a result, the knowledge essential to the elucidation of 'hydrothermal processes' has been improved, but is still far from complete