Hydrogen Sulfide and Plant Acclimation to Abiotic Stresses (Plant in Challenging Environments, 1)

This book focuses on the role of hydrogen sulfide in the protection of plants against abiotic stresses and abiotic stress-induced complications by the way of converging advanced key methods of proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics. It provides an update on the biosynthesis, signaling, and mechanism of action of hydrogen sulfide in combating abiotic stresses in plants. Also, special emphasis is given to the interaction of hydrogen sulfide with other signaling molecules (such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen peroxide etc.), phytohormones, mineral nutrients, ions, and ion channels in plants. This work, uniquely, covers key aspects of hydrogen sulfide signaling in relation to abiotic stresses in plants, including programmed cell death, stomatal movement, and fruit ripening. Preface 6 Contents 9 Chapter 1: Hydrogen Sulfide on the Crossroad of Regulation, Protection, Interaction and Signaling in Plant Systems Under Different Environmental Conditions 11 1.1 Introduction 12 1.2 Biosynthesis and Role of H2S in Plant System 13 1.3 H2S and Regulation of Physiological Processes in Plants 14 1.4 H2S and Protection of Plants Under Stress 15 1.5 H2S Signaling and Interaction in Plants 16 1.6 Conclusion 18 References 18 Chapter 2: Hydrogen Sulfide: A Road Ahead for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Biosynthesis of H2S in Plants 25 2.3 Physiological Functions of H2S in Plants 26 2.4 Effect of H2S on Plants Under Salt Stress 27 2.5 Response of Plants to H2S Under Drought Stress 28 2.6 Effect of H2S Under Heavy Metal Stress 29 2.7 Effect of H2S Under Temperature Stress 31 2.7.1 Low Temperature Stress 32 2.7.2 High Temperature Stress 33 2.8 Conclusion 34 References 34 Chapter 3: Functional Interaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Nitric Oxide, Calcium, and Reactive Oxygen Species Under Abiotic Stress in Plants 40 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Biosynthesis of H2S in Plants 42 3.3 Changes in Endogenous Level of H2S in Plants in Response to Stresses 43 3.3.1 Low Temperature Stress and H2S 43 3.3.2 High Temperature Stress and H2S 44 3.3.3 Dehydration Stress and H2S 47 3.3.4 Salt Stress and H2S 47 3.3.5 Heavy Metals (HMs) and H2S 48 3.4 Functional Interactions of H2S with Ca2+ Ions 49 3.5 Crosstalk of H2S with ROS 51 3.6 H2S and NO as Interdependent Signal Mediators 55 3.7 Functional Interaction of H2S with Other Signal Mediators During Adaptive Reactions in Plants 57 3.8 Conclusions 59 References 60 Chapter 4: Hydrogen Sulfide and Redox Homeostasis for Alleviation of Heavy Metal Stress 67 4.1 Introduction 68 4.2 Metabolism of H2S in Plants 70 4.3 Role of H2S in Alleviating Heavy Metal Stress 71 4.3.1 Abrogation of Al Toxicity in Plants by H2S Application 72 4.3.2 Abrogation of Cd Toxicity in Plants by H2S Application 72 4.3.3 Mitigation of As Toxicity in Plants by H2S Application 73 4.3.4 Mitigation of Cr Toxicity in Plants by H2S Application 74 4.3.5 Mitigation of Cu Toxicity in Plants by H2S Application 74 4.3.6 Mitigation of Other Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants by H2S Application 75 4.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 75 References 76 Chapter 5: Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Osmotic Adjustment of Plants Under Different Abiotic Stresses 81 5.1 Introduction 82 5.2 Metabolism of H2S in Plants 83 5.3 Roles of H2S in Different Forms of Abiotic Stresses 84 5.3.1 Drought Stress 84 5.3.2 Salt Stress 85 5.3.3 Temperature Stress 86 5.3.4 Heavy Metal Stress 87 5.3.5 Other Forms of Stress 88 5.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 89 References 89 Chapter 6: Hydrogen Sulfide and Stomatal Movement 94 6.1 Introduction 94 6.2 Hydrogen Sulfide and Abscisic Acid in Plants Under Drought and Salinity 97 6.3 Hydrogen Sulfide and Light 99 6.3.1 Blue Light 100 6.3.2 Red Light 101 6.3.3 UV-B 102 6.4 Stomatal Conductance and CO2 102 6.5 Stomatal Conductance and Plant Growth Under Ozone Exposure 105 6.6 Conclusion and Perspectives 106 References 108 Chapter 7: Hydrogen Sulfide and Fruit Ripening 115 7.1 Introduction 115 7.2 How H2S Is Endogenously Generated in Plant Cells? 116 7.3 Endogenous H2S Metabolism during Fruit Ripening and Potential Beneficial Effects of the Exogenous H2S Application During Postharvest 120 7.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 122 References 124 Chapter 8: Hydrogen Sulfide Impact on Seed Biology Under Abiotic Stress 128 8.1 Introduction 129 8.2 Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism in Seeds 130 8.3 Hydrogen Sulfide and Germination Capacity 133 8.4 Molecular Mechanisms Controlled by H2S in Germinating Seeds 136 8.4.1 Interplay with ROS, Nitric Oxide, and Antioxidant Defense 136 8.4.2 H2S and Seed Metabolism 137 8.4.3 H2S and Hormone Signaling in the Regulation of Seed Germination 138 8.5 Concluding Remarks and Open Questions 139 References 140 Chapter 9: Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling in the Defense Response of Plants to Abiotic Stresses 143 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Stress by Metals 145 9.3 Salt Stress 151 9.4 Water Stress 153 9.5 Temperature Stress 154 9.6 Interplay Among H2S, Plant Hormones, and Secondary Messengers 156 9.7 Conclusions 159 References 160 Chapter 10: A Transcriptomic and Proteomic View of Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stress 164 10.1 Introduction 165 10.2 Participation of H2S, Polysulfides, and Reactive Sulfur Species in Stress Signaling 166 10.3 The H2S Signaling Network Seen Through Transcriptomics and Proteomics 169 10.3.1 H2S and the Plant-Stress Proteome 169 10.3.2 H2S and the Plant-Stress Transcriptome 172 10.4 Conclusion 181 References 182 Chapter 11: Cysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide: A Complementary Association for Plant Acclimation to Abiotic Stress 190 11.1 Introduction 191 11.2 Homeostasis of Cys and H2S 193 11.2.1 Regulation of Cys Homeostasis 193 11.2.2 Regulation of H2S Homeostasis 195 11.3 Involvement of H2S and Cys in Plant Adaptive Responses to Abiotic Stresses 196 11.4 Mode of Action of H2S and Cys Under Abiotic Stresses 197 11.4.1 Mode of Action of H2S in Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Plants 197 11.4.1.1 Interaction of H2S with Other Signaling Molecules 198 11.4.1.2 H2S and Persulfidation 200 11.4.2 Mode of Action of Cys in Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Plants 201 11.4.2.1 Cys and Glutathione in the Cellular Redox Homeostasis 201 11.4.2.2 Cys and Phytochelatins 204 11.4.2.3 Cys and Metallothioneins 205 11.5 Conclusions 206 References 206 Chapter 12: Hydrogen Sulfide and Posttranslational Modification of Proteins: A Defense Strategy Against Abiotic Stress 218 12.1 Introduction 219 12.2 Protein Persulfidation and Detection Methods in Plants 221 12.3 Protein Persulfidation and H2S in Plants 222 12.4 Protein Persulfidation in Plant Adaptive Responses to Abiotic Stress 225 12.4.1 Antioxidant Defense System 225 12.4.2 Autophagy 226 12.4.3 Stomatal Closure 227 12.5 The Crosstalk of H2S with Other Signaling Molecules and Protein Persulfidation 228 12.5.1 Crosstalk of H2S and NO in Relation to Persulfidation 229 12.5.2 Crosstalk of H2S and ROS in Relation to Persulfidation 230 12.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 231 References 232 Index 238