شکارچیان و گردآورندگان در دنیای مدرن: درگیری، مقاومت و خودمختاری؛ [... هفتمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی جوامع شکار و گردآوری (CHAGS 7) از سوی مؤسسه مردم‌شناسی و انسان‌شناسی آکادمی علوم روسیه]

In an age of heightened awareness of the threat that western industrialized societies pose to the environment, hunters and gatherers attract particularly strong interest because they occupy the ecological niches that are constantly eroded. Despite the denial of sovereignty, the world's more than 350 million indigenous peoples continue to assert aboriginal title to significant portions of the world's remaining bio-diversity. As a result, conflicts between tribal peoples and nation states are on the increase. Today, many of the societies that gave the field of anthropology its empirical foundations and unique global vision of a diverse and evolving humanity are being destroyed as a result of national economic, political, and military policies. Although quite a sizable body of literature exists on the living conditions of the hunters and gatherers, this volume is unique in that it represents the first extensive east-west scholarly exchange in anthropology since the demise of the USSR. Moreover, it also offers new perspectives from indigenous communities and scholars in an exchange that be termed "south-north" as opposed to " north-north," denoting the predominance of northern Europe and North America in scholarly debate. The main focus of this volume is on the internal dynamics and political strategies of hunting and gathering societies in areas of self-determination and self-representation. More specifically, it examines areas such as warfare and conflict resolution, resistance, identity and the state, demography and ecology, gender and representation, and world view and religion. It raises a large number of major issues of common concerns and therefore makes important reading for all those interested in human rights issues, ethnic conflict, grassroots development and community organization, and environmental topics. CONTENTS List of Illustrations Preface Introduction 1. Silence and Other Misunderstandings: Russian Anthropology, Western Hunter-Gatherer Debates, and Siberian Peoples I. Warfare and Conflict Resolution 2. Visions of Conflict, Conflicts of Vision among Contemporary Dene Tha 3. Warfare among the Hunters and Fishermen of Western Siberia 4. Homicide and Aggression among the Agta of Eastern Luzon, the Philippines, 1910–1985 5. Conflict Management in a Modern Inuit Community 6. Wars and Chiefs among the Samoyeds and Ugrians of 125 Western Siberia 7. Ritual Violence among the Peoples of Northeastern Siberia 8. Patterns of War and Peace among Complex Hunter- Gatherers: The Case of the Northwest Coast of North America II. Resistance, Identity, and the State 9. The Concept of an International Ethnoecological Refuge 10. Aboriginal Responses to Mining in Australia: Economic Aspirations, Cultural Revival, and the Politics of Indigenous Protest 11. Political Movement, Legal Reformation, and Transformation of Ainu Identity 12. Tracking the “Wild Tungus” in Taimyr: Identity, Ecology, and Mobile Economies in Arctic Siberia 13. Marginality with a Difference, or How the Huaorani Preserve Their Sharing Relations and Naturalize Outside Powers III. Ecology, Demography, and Market Issues 14. “Interest in the Present” in the Nationwide Monetary Economy: The Case of Mbuti Hunters in Zaire 15. Dynamics of Adaptation to Market Economy among the Ayoréode of Northwest Paraguay 16. Can Hunter-Gatherers Live in Tropical Rain Forests? The Pleistocene Island Melanesian Evidence 17. The Ju/’hoansi San under Two States: Impacts of the South West African Administration and the Government of the Republic of Namibia 18. Russia’s Northern Indigenous Peoples: Are They Dying Out? IV. Gender and Representation 19. Gender Role Transformation among Australian Aborigines 20. Names That Escape the State: Hai//om Naming Practices versus Domination and Isolation 21. Central African Government’s and International NGOs’ Perceptions of Baka Pygmy Development 22. The Role of Women in Mansi Society 23. Peacemaking Ideology in a Headhunting Society: Hudhud, Women’s Epic of the Ifugao V. World-View and Religious Determination 24. Painting as Politics: Exposing Historical Processes in Hunter-Gatherer Rock Art 25. Gifts from the Immortal Ancestors: Cosmology and Ideology of Jahai Sharing 26. Time in the Traditional World-View of the Kets: Materials on the Bear Cult 27. Lexicon as a Source for Understanding Sel’kup Knowledge of Religion Notes on Contributors Appendix: A Note on the Spelling of Siberian Ethnonyms Index In an age of heightened awareness of the threat that western industrialized societies pose to the environment, hunters and gatherers attract particularly strong interest because they occupy the ecological niches that are constantly eroded. Despite the denial of sovereignty, the world's more than 350 million indigenous peoples continue to assert aboriginal title to significant portions of the world's remaining bio-diversity. As a result, conflicts between tribal peoples and nation states are on the increase. Today, many of the societies that gave the field of anthropology its empirical foundations and unique global vision of a diverse and evolving humanity are being destroyed as a result of national economic, political, and military policies.

Although quite a sizable body of literature exists on the living conditions of the hunters and gatherers, this volume is unique in that it represents the first extensive east-west scholarly exchange in anthropology since the demise of the USSR. Moreover, it also offers new perspectives from indigenous communities and scholars in an exchange that be termed south-north as opposed to north-north, denoting the predominance of northern Europe and North America in scholarly debate.

The main focus of this volume is on the internal dynamics and political strategies of hunting and gathering societies in areas of self-determination and self-representation. More specifically, it examines areas such as warfare and conflict resolution, resistance, identity and the state, demography and ecology, gender and representation, and world view and religion. It raises a large number of major issues of common concerns and therefore makes important reading for all those interested in human rights issues, ethnic conflict, grassroots development and community organization, and environmental topics.

In light of negotiations now going on between people who rely on wild plants and animals and the governments of their territories about civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights, anthropologists explore dimensions of culture and pressures as they are manifested in particular peoples. T This volume represents the first east-west scholarly exchange in anthropology since the demise of the USSR. It also offers new perspectives from indigenous communities and scholars which emphasizes the position of the South world