Human Security and Sustainable Development in East Africa (Routledge Studies in Peace, Conflict and Security in Africa)

This book investigates contemporary human security issues in East Africa, setting forth policy recommendations and a research agenda for future studies. Human security takes a people-centered rather than state-centered approach to security issues, focusing on whether people feel safe, free from fear, want, and indignity. This book investigates human security in East Africa, encompassing issues as diverse as migration, housing, climate change, displacement, food security, aflatoxins, land rights, and peace and conflict resolution. In particular, the book showcases innovative original research from African scholars based on the continent and abroad, and together the contributors provide policy recommendations and set forth a human security research agenda for East Africa, which encompasses Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti. As well as being useful for policy makers and practitioners, this book will interest researchers across African Studies, Security Studies, Environmental Studies, Political Science, Global Governance, International Relations, and Human Geography. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license This book investigates contemporary human security issues in East Africa, setting forth policy recommendations and a research agenda for future studies.Human security takes a people-centered rather than state-centered approach to security issues, focusin Cover 1 Endorsement 2 Half Title 4 Series Information 5 Title Page 6 Copyright Page 7 Dedication 8 Table of Contents 10 Contributors 12 Acronyms 16 Illustrations 20 Foreword 22 Acknowledgments 25 1 Introduction: Human Security and Sustainable Development in East Africa 28 Introduction 28 Linking Environment, Development, Peace, and Security 30 Context Matters: Situating the Book in the East African Context 31 Social, Economic, Political, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Human (In)security in East Africa 35 Geopolitics 35 Climate Change in East Africa 36 Food-water-energy-land Nexus in East Africa 37 Natural Resource Use Conflicts in East Africa 37 Hazards and Disasters in East Africa 39 Internal Displacement in East Africa 40 Refugeeism in East Africa 42 Disease Burden in East Africa 42 Organization of the Book 45 Summary and Conclusion 47 Notes 48 References 48 2 Human Security 54 Introduction 54 Security: A Debated and Continuously Evolving Concept 56 Human Security: Towards a Working Definition of Human Security 57 Dimensions of Human Security 60 Human Security Conceptual Framework 62 Conclusion 64 Note 64 References 64 3 Securitization Versus Human Security: An Ontological Argument 68 Introduction 68 Contextualizing the Debate 69 How Securitization Is Sustained in the Modern State 71 The Instrumentality of Human Security in Africa 74 Exploring Possibilities of a Comprehensive Approach 76 Conclusion: Theoretical Refinement 79 References 79 4 Interrogating the Role of Human Security and Human Development in Transforming Refugees Livelihoods in Kenya and Uganda 83 Introduction 83 Human Security and Human Development Concepts 84 Human Security 84 Human Development 85 Protracted Refugees as a Human Security Issue 86 The Case of Somali Refugees in Kenya and Uganda 89 The Potential for Human Development as a Human Security Remedy in Refugee Situations 91 Conclusion and Recommendations 94 Notes 95 References 95 5 Elusive Peace and Conflict Resolution in South Sudan: A Human Security Alternative Approach 99 Introduction 99 Challenges of State-Centric Security Model 101 State-centric Model as a Challenge in South Sudan Peacebuilding 103 Applying a Human Security Model in South Sudan 106 Conclusion 110 References 112 6 Conflicting Identities and Insecurities?: Uncertainties About Land Rights in Tanzania and Ethiopia 116 Introduction 116 Literature Review 117 African Land Reforms – the Legitimacy Question 117 End of Polarity and De-Facto Global Economy 120 International Law and Power Politics 121 Conceptual Framework 123 Methods 123 Study Area, Data, and Analysis 123 Case Analysis and Discussion 124 Case 1: The Gambella Incident 124 Case 2: The Nyamuma Ordeal 124 Case Remarks 125 The Fate of the Indigenous 125 Conclusion and Recommendations 127 References 128 7 Economic Perspectives to Human Security in Rwanda 131 Introduction 131 Conceptual Framework 133 Economic Perspective On Human Security in Rwanda 134 Economic Security 135 Employment for Economic Security 136 Food Security 137 Rwandan Citizens at the Junction of Both Poverty and Food Insecurity 140 Health Security 141 Cross-cutting Issues 143 Land Tenure Registration and Security of Tenure 143 Gender Equality, Equity, and Human Security 144 Discussion and Conclusion 145 References 146 8 Human Security Implications of Aflatoxins in East Africa 150 Introduction 150 Conceptual Framework 151 Case Analysis 152 Impact(s) of Aflatoxins On Food Security, Health Security, and Economic Security in East Africa 153 Aflatoxin and Food Security 153 Aflatoxin and Health Security 155 Aflatoxins and Economic Security 156 Control And/or Prevention of the Aflatoxin Human Security Problem 156 Conclusion and Recommendations 157 References 158 9 The Governance Dimensions of Environmental Security in 21st-Century Eastern Africa: A Review 162 Introduction 162 The Governance-Environmental Security Nexus: An Analytical Framework 163 Environmental Management in East Africa: Sub-Regional and Country-Specific Structures, Actors, and Processes 164 Emergent Environmental Security Issues and the Centrality of Governance 169 Conclusion and Recommendations 174 References 174 10 Impact of Climate Resilient Rural Road Transport On Human Security in Kenya 178 Introduction 178 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework 179 Rural Road Transport and Climate Change 183 Conceptualizing Human Security 185 Impact of Climate Resilient Rural Road Transport in Kenya 186 Effect of Climate Change On Rural Roads 187 Poverty Reduction and Livelihood Improvement 189 Conclusion and Policy Implications 192 References 193 11 Climate Change, Food Security, and the Challenge of Sustainable Development in East Africa 197 Introduction 197 Anthropogenic Climate Change in East Africa 198 Climate Change and Food Security in East Africa 198 Vulnerability of East Africa to Climate Change 200 Place of Human Rights and Human Security 201 Food Security in East Africa 202 Linking Climate Change to Food Security: A Conceptual Framework 204 Literature Gaps in Climate Change and Human Security Studies 204 Discussions 206 The Role of Adaptation in Addressing Climate Change Threats to Human Security 206 The Role of Environment 207 Adaptation for Food Security 207 The Way Forward: Need for Paradigm Change 208 References 210 12 Housing and Human Security in Kampala, Uganda 213 Introduction 213 Housing as Human Security 213 Housing Vulnerability in Kampala 214 Urban Sprawl 217 Urban Sprawl Definitions 217 Leapfrog Or Scattered Development 218 Commercial Strip Development 218 Low-density 219 Single-use Development 219 Poor Accessibility (Or Automobile Dominance) 219 Lack of Public Open Space 219 Type and Typology 220 Housing Classification Criteria 222 Strategies for Housing Densification 223 Conclusions and Recommendations 227 Notes 228 References 228 13 Exploring the Urbanization-Migration Nexus in Nairobi City, Kenya: A Human Security Analysis 230 Introduction 230 Problem Statement 231 Study Objectives 232 Features of the City Linked to Migration Processes 233 A Theoretical Framework Interconnecting Urbanization-Migration Nexus and Human Security 234 Conceptual Framework Linking Urbanization Migration Nexus and Human Security 237 Research Gaps 239 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 232 Methodology 239 Case Analysis and Discussion 240 Analysis of Reported National and Nairobi County Insecurity Cases, 2015–2018 242 Conclusion: Policy Issues and Future Research Recommendations 244 References 245 Index 248 Human Security / Jeremiah O. Asaka -- Securitization Versus Human Security : An Ontological Argument / Francis Onditi -- Interrogating the Role of Human Security and Human Development in Transforming Refugees Livelihoods in Kenya and Uganda / Dennis Jjuuko -- Elusive Peace and Conflict Resolution in South Sudan : A Human Security Alternative Approach / Israel Nyaburi Nyadera and Billy Agwanda -- Conflicting Identities and Insecurities? Uncertainties About Land Rights in Tanzania and Ethiopia / Francis Semwaza -- Economic Perspectives to Human Security in Rwanda / Alfred Bizoza -- Human Security Implications of Aflatoxins in East Africa / Ruth Wangia Dixon and Jeremiah O. Asaka -- The Governance Dimensions of Environment-Security Nexus in 21st Century East Africa : A Review / Mumo Nzau -- Impact of Climate Resilient Rural Road Transport on Human Security in Kenya / Evaristus M. Irandu -- Climate Change, Food Security and the Challenge of Sustainable Development in East Africa / Alice A. Oluoko-Odingo -- Housing and Human Security in Kampala, Uganda / Assumpta Nagenda-Musana and Doreen Kyosimire -- Exploring the Urbanization-Migration Nexus in Nairobi City, Kenya : A Human Security Analysis / Elias Ayiemba "This book investigates contemporary human security issues in East Africa, setting forth policy recommendations and a research agenda for future studies. Human security takes a people-centered rather than state-centered approach to security issues, focusing on whether people feel safe, free from fear, want and indignity. This book investigates human security in East Africa, encompassing issues as diverse as migration, housing, climate change, displacement, food security, aflatoxins, land rights, and peace and conflict resolution. In particular, the book showcases innovative original research from African scholars based on the continent and abroad, and together the contributors provide policy recommendations and set forth a human security research agenda for East Africa, which encompasses Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti. As well as being useful for policy makers and practitioners, this book will interest researchers across African Studies, Security Studies, Environmental Studies, Political Science, Global Governance, International Relations, and Human Geography"-- Provided by publisher