Human Health and the Environment : A Turn-of-the-Century Perspective

The twentieth century has seen a remarkable evolution of environmental health and environmental protection concerns and concepts in the United States. As a teacher of Environmental Health since the late 1950s, I have witnessed the many twists and turns that have marked the latter half of the century, and have had to seek continuously to explain these phenomena to my students in some rational manner. We have witnessed the following and more: great progress in controlling acute infectious diseases through successes in drinking water treatment and food processing; the emergence of greater concern with trace chemicals in air and water and their role in chronic disease causation; conflicting attitudes toward miraculous chemicals such as DDT (which promised relief from arthropod-borne scourges, then came to be seen as another chemical threat to our children and our environment); then the reemerging concern with infectious diseases precipitated by blood-borne pathogens such as HIV. All this occurred against a backdrop of scientific uncertainty and amid failures of risk assessment and risk communication, together with press sensationalism-from "mad cow disease" to "flesh eating" streptococci. No wonder the public is confused.

The twentieth century has seen a remarkable evolution in environmental health and environmental protection concerns and concepts in the United States. Human Health and the Environment: A Turn of the Century Perspective is intended to be a commentary, suitable for a wide audience, on the broad aspects of the relationship between human health and the environment at the turn of the century. Although written from the perspective of a technically advanced society, Human Health and the Environment: A Turn of the Century Perspective addresses the different environments, and human health problems arising from these environments, in third-world and emerging societies. The book is divided into several sections, including a general introduction and discussion of epidemiological approaches, community pollution problems (air, water, solid waste, radiation), specialized environments (residential, occupational and institutional), consumer products and the food supply, and integrated pest management. It closes with a chapter related to predictions for the 21st century.
The approach of Human Health and the Environment: A Turn of the Century Perspective is to examine environmental threats to human health from the perspective of sources and pathways, as well as to examine the scope of human health effects and environmental interventions, including engineering and technical, educational and legislative elements.

The book contains black-and-white illustrations.

Front Matter....Pages i-ix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Human Health and the Environment as the Twentieth Century Ends....Pages 3-9 Epidemiology and Environmental Health....Pages 11-18 Front Matter....Pages 19-19 Potable Drinking Water....Pages 21-31 Wastewater....Pages 33-39 Air Pollution....Pages 41-53 Solid and Hazardous Waste....Pages 55-63 Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation....Pages 65-74 Front Matter....Pages 75-75 The Residential Environment: Housing and Health....Pages 77-86 The Work Environment: Occupational Health....Pages 87-97 The Institutional Environment: Nosocomial Infections....Pages 99-109 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Consumer Product Safety....Pages 113-124 Food Safety: Biological Agents....Pages 125-135 Food Safety: Chemical Agents....Pages 137-146 Front Matter....Pages 147-147 Public Health Significance of Rodents and Insects....Pages 149-158 Applications of Integrated Pest Management....Pages 159-166 Front Matter....Pages 167-167 Environmental Health in the Twenty-First Century: A Peek into the Future....Pages 169-176 Back Matter....Pages 177-195