Human-Computer Interaction. HCI Intelligent Multimodal Interaction Environments: 12th International Conference, HCI International 2007, Beijing, ... III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4552)

The 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI Inter- tional 2007, was held in Beijing, P.R. China, 22-27 July 2007, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2007, the 7th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, the 2nd International Conf- ence on Virtual Reality, the 2nd International Conference on Usability and Inter- tionalization, the 2nd International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, the 3rd International Conference on Augmented Cognition, and the 1st International Conference on Digital Human Modeling. A total of 3403 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry and g- ernmental agencies from 76 countries submitted contributions, and 1681 papers, judged to be of high scientific quality, were included in the program. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlightthe human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation th- oughly cover the entire field of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing major - vances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. This volume, edited by Julie A. Jacko, contains papers in the thematic area of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: • Multimodality and Conversational Dialogue • Adaptive, Intelligent and Emotional User Interfaces • Gesture and Eye Gaze Recognition • Interactive TV and Media Title Page Foreword Organization Table of Contents Preferences and Patterns of Paralinguistic Voice Input to Interactive Media Introduction Expressmas Tree The Concept The Implementation Experiments and Results First Experimental Design and Setting Second Experimental Design and Setting Conclusions References Show and Tell": Using Semantically Processable Prosodic Markers for Spatial Expressions in an HCI System for Consumer Complaints Introduction Outline of the CitizenShield Dialog System Spatial Expressions and Prosodic Prominence Integrating Prosodic Information Within an Ontological Framework of Spatial Expressions Semantically Processable Prosodic Markers Within a Multilingual Extension of the CitizenShield System Conclusions and Further Research References Exploiting Speech-Gesture Correlation in Multimodal Interaction Introduction Proposed Research Current Status Data Collection and Experimental Setup Audio-Visual Features Prosodic Cues Identification Using ANVIL Preliminary Analysis and Results Summary References Pictogram Retrieval Based on Collective Semantics Introduction Semantic Ambiguity in Pictogram Interpretation Polysemous and Shared Pictogram Interpretation Pictogram Retrieval Semantic Relevance Measure Conclusion References Enrich Web Applications with Voice Internet Persona Text-to-Speech for Anyone, Anywhere Introduction The Design Philosophy Architecture of the VIP Platform VIP Employment Interface VIP Creation Interface VIP Management Interface Underlying Component Technologies TTS Technologies Unit-Selection Based TTS HMM Based TTS Voice-Morphing Algorithms Sinusoidal-Model Based Morphing Source-Filter Model Based Morphing Phonetic Transition Discussions References Using Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Networks for Predicting Word Boundaries in a Phoneme Sequence in Persian Language Introduction A Brief Review of Persian Language Structure of the Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network (RFNN) Layered Operation of the RFNN Fuzzy Inference Learning Algorithm for the Network Experiments and Results Conclusion References Subjective Measurement of Workload Related to a Multimodal Interaction Task: NASA-TLX vs. Workload Profile Introduction Methodology for Human-Computer Dialogue Study Workload in Human-Computer Dialogue Workload Measurement Experiment Analysis of Dialogic Interaction Procedure Results Conclusion References Menu Selection Using Auditory Interface Introduction Auditory Interface System Menu Selection Auditory Keyboard Input Conclusion References Analysis of User Interaction with Service Oriented Chatbot Systems Introduction Description of the Chatbot System Description of the Experiment and Results Results of the Experiments Feedback Forms Results Specific to the Human-Chatbot Experiment The Avatar Conclusion Future Work References Performance Analysis of Perceptual Speech Quality and Modules Design for Management over IP Network Introduction Related Work Parameters Discovering and Measuring Methodology Functionality of Main Processing Modules and Blocks Message Report and QoS-Factor Management Procedures of an End-to-End Call Session Based on SIP Realtime Quality-Fator Measurement Methodology Noise Reduction for Applying Packet-Based IP Network Proposed Optimal Wiener Filter Proposed Optimal Wiener Filter Performance Evaluation and Results Conclusion References A Tangible User Interface with Multimodal Feedback Introduction Previous Work SmartPuck System System Configuration SmartPuck Tangible Menus Navigation of Google Earth Conclusion References Minimal Parsing Key Concept Based Question Answering System Introduction Question Answering Systems Our Approach: UniqliQ Key Concept-Key Word (KC-KW) Approach Description Examples Conclusions References Customized Message Generation and Speech Synthesis in Response to Characteristic Behavioral Patterns of Children Introduction Related Work Sentence Analysis with the Behavioral Patterns Kindergarten Environment Sentence Analysis with the Repeated Behavioral Patterns Sentence Analysis with the Event Sentence Analysis with the Time Flow Behavioral Pattern Detection Implementation Discussion Conclusion References Multi-word Expression Recognition Integrated with Two-Level Finite State Transducer Introduction Related Work and Motivation Multi-word Expression How to Express MWE as Regular Expression Finite State Transducer with Bride State Bridge State and Bridge Character Add Temporal Bridge Function and Remove Temporal Bridge Function MWE in Two-Level Morphological Parsing The Movement to the Bridge State The Role of ATB and RTB Results and Discussion Conclusions References Towards Multimodal User Interfaces Composition Based on UsiXML and MBD Principles Introduction From GUI Composing to MUI Composing Operators at the CUI Level for the GUI Composing Adaptation of the Operators at the AUI Level for the Multimodal UserInterfaces Composing A Case Study on a Food Ordering System on Internet Conclusion References m-LoCoS UI: A Universal Visible Language for Global Mobile Communication Introduction Universal Visible Languages Basics of LoCoS Design Approaches for m-LoCoS Universal Visible Messaging User Profiles, and Use Scenarios Design Implications and Design Challenges Classifying, Selecting, and Entering Signs Future Challenges Conclusion: Current and Future Prototypes References Developing a Conversational Agent Using Ontologies Introduction System Primer Natural Language Understanding Μodule General Overview Rule Sharing Separation of Ontological and Semantic Representations Understanding General Purpose Topics Through Google’sDirectory Conversational Mover Ontological Reuse Conclusion References Conspeakuous: Contextualising Conversational Systems Introduction Conspeakuous Architecture B-Conspeakuous Learning as a Source of Context L-Conspeakuous Implementation B-Conspeakuous Implementation L-Conspeakuous Implementation System Evaluation Related Work Conclusion and Future Work Persuasive Effects of Embodied Conversational Agent Teams Introduction Related Work Experiment 1 Experimental Design Results and Discussion Experiment 2 Experimental Design Results and Discussion Conclusions References Exploration of Possibility of Multithreaded Conversations Using a Voice Communication System Introduction Maintaining Multithreaded Conversations in Text-Based Chats Related Works Our Proposed New Voice Communication System: ChaTEL User Studies Results Possibility of Multithreaded Conversations Using Voice CommunicationSystem Usages of Listening/Recording Operations Analysis of How Users Listen to Messages in Multithreaded Conversations Conclusion References A Toolkit for Multimodal Interface Design: An Empirical Investigation Introduction Previous Work Experimental Toolkits TVOID OFVOID MMID Initial Survey Empirical Multi-group Study Discussion of Results Conclusion and Future Research References An Input-Parsing Algorithm Supporting Integration of Deictic Gesture in Natural Language Interface Introduction Related Work Chart Parser Multimodal Chart Parser Experiment and Analysis Setup and Scenario Preliminary Results and Analysis Conclusion and Future Work References Multimodal Interfaces for In-Vehicle Applications Motivation Context of Use: Driving and In-Vehicle Interfaces Users Tasks and Environment Equipment Characteristics of Multimodal Interfaces Designing Multimodal In-Vehicle Applications Combining Manual and Voice Control Natural Interaction Conclusion References Character Agents in E-Learning Interface Using Multimodal Real-Time Interaction Introduction Education Interface Structure Real-Time Eye Gaze Interaction Character Agent with Real-Time Interaction Implementation Overall Observations Discussions and Future Work References An Empirical Study on Users’ Acceptance of Speech Recognition Errors in Text-Messaging Introduction Related Work Text Input on Mobile Device Speech Recognition Technology Error Correction Methods Proposed Hypotheses Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References Flexible Multi-modal Interaction Technologies and User Interface Specially Designed for Chinese Car Infotainment System Introduction Function Descriptions and Underlying Concept Multimodal Interaction Technologies Speech Technology Chinese Finger Stroke Recognition Melody Recognition Human Machine Interface Design User Interface Design Speech Interaction Design Hardware Platform Evaluation Summary References A Spoken Dialogue System Based on Keyword Spotting Technology Introduction Overview Keyword Spotting Scheme Generation of Syllable Confusion Matrix Fuzzy Keyword Search Calculating the Entropy Information Experiments Experimental Data Description Experiment Results Conclusions References Dynamic Association Rules Mining to Improve Intermediation Between User Multi-channel Interactions and Interactive e-Services Introduction Theoretical Works Around Channels Properties An Analyze and Predictive Model of Channels Properties The Cooperation Inside the Cognitive Interaction The Social Aspect of the Channels Starting Point of Our Theoretical Framework Our Software Architecture Overview The Intermediation Middleware of Ubi-Learn Dynamic Rules Generation Association Rules Generation Methodology Conclusions and Further Works References Emotionally Expressive Avatars for Chatting, Learning and Therapeutic Intervention Introduction Why Emotions Are Important Avatars for Chatting – The Virtual Messenger Experimental Setup Evaluation Framework Results and Analysis Discussion Avatars for Learning and Therapeutic Intervention Avatars as an Assistive Technology Avatars as an Educational Technology Addressing Theory of Mind Issues Avatars for People with Autism – An Exploratory Study Results and Discussion Summary and Further Work References Can Virtual Humans Be More Engaging Than Real Ones? Introduction Rapport Agent Evaluation Discussion References Automatic Mobile Content Conversion Using Semantic Image Analysis Introduction ACC Ontology Mobile Comic Image Processing ACC Knowledge Infrastructure Experimental Results Conclusions References History Based User Interest Modeling in WWW Access Introduction History Based User Interest Modeling in WWW Access Method Overview Real-Time Two-Dimensional Interest Model Obtaining User Interest Experimental Results Conclusion References Development of a Generic Design Framework for Intelligent Adaptive Systems Introduction Methodology Intelligent Adaptive Systems Automation and Interface Intelligent Adaptive Systems (IAS) Generic Conceptual Framework for IAS Generic Framework for the Development of IAS Conclusion References Three Way Relationship of Human-Robot Interaction Introduction Formalization of Human-Robot Interaction Modeling of Human-Robot Interaction with Information Theory Uncertainties That Need to Be Resolved Interaction Process Model Measure of Human-Robot Interaction Markov Chain Model of HRI Process Weighted Entropy with State Transition Measuring Interaction Effort and Interaction Situation Awareness (SA) Interaction Case Study Experiment Procedure Evaluation of Subject’s State The Results Conclusions References MEMORIA: Personal Memento Service Using Intelligent Gadgets Introduction Related Works System Design of MEMORIA Wearable Intelligent Gadget (WIG) Service Environment of MEMORIA Design of MEMORIA Result Conclusion References A Location-Adaptive Human-Centered Audio Email Notification Service for Multi-user Environments Introduction Related Work The Ambient Email Notification Service Ambient Notification with Personalized Audio Cues Indoor Positioning for Location Awareness Design of Evaluation Study Setup of the Study Results Conclusions and Future Work References Emotion-Based Textile Indexing Using Neural Networks Introduction Data Collection and Analysis Proposed Method Feature Extraction NN Based Recognizer Experimental Results Conclusion References Decision Theoretic Perspective on Optimizing Intelligent Help Introduction Literature Review Intelligent Agent Decision Theoretic Perspective Expected Time-Based Optimization Framework Classification of User Needs Cost of Help Optimization of Help Conclusion References Human-Aided Cleaning Algorithm for Low-Cost Robot Architecture Introduction Background Human-Aided Cleaning Algorithm Overall Architecture Human-Robot Interaction Experimental Results Experiment Environment Results Conclusion References The Perception of Artificial Intelligence as “Human” by Computer Users Introduction Method Results Discussion Maintenance of Themes Failure to Respond to a Specific Question Responding to Social Cues Formal and Colloquial Language Greetings and Personality Offers a Cue Phrases Delivered at Inappropriate Times Damage Control References Speaker Segmentation for Intelligent Responsive Space Introduction Basics of Speaker Segmentation New Method for Speaker Segmentation Experimental Results Conclusion References Emotion and Sense of Telepresence: The Effects of Screen Viewpoint, Self-transcendence Style, and NPC in a 3D Game Environment Theoretical Background Virtual Environment Telepresence Methodology Study Design Subjects Procedure Results and Discussion References Emotional Interaction Through Physical Movement Introduction Related Work of Movement Application Theoretical Background of Relation Between Emotion andMovement The Formal Components of Movement The Characteristic of Emotion The Emotion-Movement Relation Framework Application Prototype: Emotion Palpus Concept of Emotion Palpus Components and Implement Evaluation of the Framework with Emotion Palpus Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Discussion Application Scenario of Emotion Palpus Conclusion and Future Work References Towards Affective Sensing Introduction A Framework for Research in Affective Communication Factors in the Proposed Framework Examples A Set of Ontologies Ontology 1 - Affective Communication Concepts Ontology 2 - Affective Communication Research Ontology 3 - Affective Communication Resources An Application Ontology for Affective Sensing Automatic Recognition of Facial Expressions Conclusions and Future Work References Affective User Modeling for Adaptive Intelligent User Interfaces Introduction and Motivation Related User Modeling Research Bayesian Belief Networks User Modeling with Bayesian Belief Networks Results Discussion References A Multidimensional Classification Model for the Interaction in Reactive Media Rooms Classification of Interaction Paradigms for Ambient Intelligence Who Takes the “Initiative”? The System or the User? Goal, Functions and the Corresponding “Strategy Development” “Device Selection”: How Does the User Perceive his Environment? as Several Inter-connected Devices or as a Dynamic Device Ensemble? Interaction Modalities and the Subject-Matter of Interaction An Example for the Present Classification Model Conclusion References An Adaptive Web Browsing Method for Various Terminals: A Semantic Over-Viewing Method Introduction Problems of Terminal-Adaptive UI Problems from the User's Point of View Problems from the Content Provider's Point of View Novel Terminal-Adaptive UI Semantic Over-Viewing Method Design of Semantic Overview Implement System Architecture Evaluation and Discussion Evaluation of Efficiency Evaluation of Satisfaction Evaluation of Effectiveness Conclusion References Evaluation of P2P Information Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering Introduction P2P Information Recommendation Model Based on Collaborative Filtering Network Model Data Model Agent Model User Model Evaluation of Recommendation Ability by Simulation Conclusion References Understanding the Social Relationship Between Humans and Virtual Humans Introduction Social Interaction with Virtual Humans Service Relationship (Buyer-Seller Relationship) Advisor-Advisee Relationship Conclusion References EREC-II in Use – Studies on Usability and Suitability of a Sensor System for Affect Detection and Human Performance Monitoring Introduction System Overview of the EREC-II Sensor System EREC-II Sensor Unit EREC-II Base Unit Test Implementations and Evaluation Studies EREC-IIa EREC-IIb Summary and Outlook References Development of an Adaptive Multi-agent Based Content Collection System for Digital Libraries Introduction Self-proclamative Multi-agents Based Automatic Content Collection Building Systems Domain-Specific Agents Phrase-Extraction Component Concept Dictionary User-Interface Agent Blackboard Moderator/Dispatcher User Modeling and User Interface Agent Design User Classifications A Method for User Personal Profile Building ACM CR Classifications and Automated Concept Matrix Formulation Paper Preparation Method for Concept-Pattern Relativity Simulation Experiments and Results Conclusion References Using Content-Based Multimedia Data Retrieval for Multimedia Content Adaptation Introduction Media Type in Retrieval Context Content-Based Retrieval and Management Techniques in Multimedia Applications Multimedia Content Adaptation Solutions for Multimedia Content Adaptation Practical Options for Multimedia Content Adaptation Techniques for Multimedia Content Adaptation Design a Multimedia Content Adaptation System Using Data Retrieval Conclusion References Coping with Complexity Through Adaptive Interface Design Introduction Adaptive or Adaptable Interface Design Adaptation Drivers Concluding Remarks References Region-Based Model of Tour Planning Applied to Interactive Tour Generation Introduction Tour Planning Problem Region-Based Representation Structure Region-Based Model of Tour Planning Tour Planning Study Regionalization Region-Based Direction Strategy Region-Based Direction Heuristic Interactive Tour Planning Conclusion References A Learning Interface Agent for User Behavior Prediction Introduction Our Approach Theoretical Model LIA Agent Behavior LIA Agent Architecture Experimental Evaluation Evaluation Measure Case Study Results Related Work Conclusions and Further Work References Sharing Video Browsing Style by Associating Browsing Behavior with Low-Level Features of Videos Introduction Approach The User Experience Reproducer System Overview The Association Extractor The Behavior Applier User Study Discussion Results of the User Study Conclusion References Adaptation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Development of Tutoring and Domain Models Introduction Tutoring Model Robert Gagné Cognitivist Theory Tutor Roles Domain Model Contents Editor (EDC) Conclusions References Confidence Measure Based Incremental Adaptation for Online Language Identification Introduction Bayesian Fusion of Confidence Measures Best_Lan Confidence Measure(CM_BS ) Avg_Lan Confidence Measure( CM_AVG$_$ N ) Post_Lan Confidence Measure( CM_POST ) Bayesian Fusion of Confidence Measures( CM_fusion ) Two-Pass Language Model Adaptation Semi-supervised Language Model Adaptation Confidence Measure Based Online Unsupervised Language Model Adaptation Experimental Results Speech Corpus Comparison of Confidence Measures Language Model Adaptation Conclusions References Study on Speech Emotion Recognition System in E-Learning Introduction Speech Emotion Recognition System in E-Learning Data Acquisition Preprocessing Spectral Analysis and Feature Extraction Feature Selection Sequential Forward Selection General Regression Neural Network Experimental Results Using SFS and GRNN Consistency-Based Feature Selection Experimental Results Using Consistency-Based Selection Experiment and Conclusion Recognizing Emotions Recognition Results Discussion and Conclusion References How Do Adults Solve Digital Tangram Problems? Analyzing Cognitive Strategies Through Eye Tracking Approach Introduction Methodology Results Differences Between Level 1 and Level 2 Differences Between Problem and Geometric Objects Screens Behavior Patterns for Level 1 Behavior Patterns for the Level 2 Conclusion and Discussion Limitations and Future Studies References Gesture Interaction for Electronic Music Performance Introduction Large Number of Parameters for Music and Sound Sampled Instrumental Sounds Music Timeline Related Work Concept Elements of Conducting an Orchestra Mapping of Conductor Hand Motion System Architecture Implementation Results Conclusions and Outlook References A New Method for Multi-finger Detection Using a Regular Diffuser Introduction Related Work Design and Implementation Application Demonstration I-M-Top A Sample Application – Video Retrieval System Conclusion References Lip Contour Extraction Using Level Set Curve Evolution with Shape Constraint Introduction Problem Formulation MAP Estimation A Prior Probability Likelihood Probabilities Level Set Curve Evolution Experimental Results Conclusions References Visual Foraging of Highlighted Text: An Eye-Tracking Study Introduction Related Work ScentHighlights Method Study Design Study Procedure Results and Discussion Accuracy and Response Time Eye Fixation Movement Pattern Coding Eye-Tracking Evidence of von Restorff Isolation Effect Conclusion References Effects of a Dual-Task Tracking on Eye Fixation Related Potentials (EFRP) Introduction Methods Participants Task and Procedure Recording Results Questionnaires Performance and Errors Eye Fixation Related Potentials Discussion and Implications References Effect of Glance Duration on Perceived Complexity and Segmentation of User Interfaces Introduction Theoretical Background Visual Segmentation Information Complexity Methodology Participants Equipment Procedure Experimental Design Results and Analysis Descriptive Statistics ANCOVA Analysis Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Relationship Between Number of Existing Objects and Complexity Relationship Between Number of Derived Objects and Ease of Segmentation Discussions References Movement-Based Interaction and Event Management in Virtual Environments with Optical Tracking Systems Introduction A Simple IR Tracking System Virtual Planetarium Free-Form Sketching Music Composition Assistant A Markerless Optical Tracking System The HUMODAN System Usability of the Sketching System with Markerless Tracking Conclusion References Multiple People Gesture Recognition for Human-Robot Interaction Introduction Context Aware Gesture Definition Definition of Gesture Definition of State Feature Extraction Method Contour Based Method Skin Based Method Feature Tracking Using Kalman Filter Gesture Recognition Using Queue Matching Application: Animation System Future Work References Position and Pose Computation of a Moving Camera Using Geometric Edge Matching for Visual SLAM Introduction Methodology Acquisition of 3D Information for Construction of Environment Map Prediction of Feature Points Using Perspective Transformation Feature Point Tracking Using KLT Method Camera Position and Pose Computation by Geometric Matching Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Studies References “Shooting a Bird”: Game System Using Facial Feature for the Handicapped People Introduction Overview the Game System Game Module Interface Module Facial Feature Detector Facial Features Tracker Mouse Control Module Experimental Results Conclusions References Human Pose Estimation Using a Mixture of Gaussians Based Image Modeling Introduction Human Pose Estimation Image Modeling Human Modeling Based on Bayesian Network Optimization of Pose Parameters Experimental Results Conclusions References Human Motion Modeling Using Multivision Introduction Human motion modeling The Face Detection The Reconstruction Method of the Segmented Difference Image The Extraction of Skin Blob Hands Detection Feet Detection Kalman Filter Parallel Camera Model Experimental Results Conclusion References Real-Time Face Tracking System Using Adaptive Face Detector and Kalman Filter Introduction Overview of Face Tracking System The Adaptive Skin Detection Algorithm Training the Skin Color Detection of Skin Pixels Construction of Face Detector Feature Extraction Training of Classifier Face Tracking with Kalman Filter Experimental Results The Result of Skin Color Detection According to the Rate of Trained and Updated Skin Color Tracking Experiment for Images Obtained Under Various Conditions Comparison with Related Works Conclusion References Kalman Filtering in the Design of Eye-Gaze-Guided Computer Interfaces Introduction Previous Work Human Visual System Basic Eye-Movements Human Visual System Sensitivity Kalman Filtering Attention Focus Kalman Filter Design Designing Interaction with AFKF Eye-Movement-Based Interaction Language Perceptual Compression with AFKF Experiment Setup Results Conclusion References Human Shape Tracking for Gait Recognition Using Active Contours with Mean Shift Introduction Human Region Detection Background Modeling Foreground Region Detection Human Shape Tracking Curve Localization Using Mean-Shift Curve Deformation Using Level-Set Experimental Results Conclusions References Robust Gaze Tracking Method for Stereoscopic Virtual Reality Systems Introduction The Proposed Method Proposed Gaze Tracking System Detecting the Accurate Center of the Pupil Calculating the Facial Gaze Point User-Dependent Calibration Merging Eye and Facial Gaze Positions Applications to the Stereoscopic VR Environment Experimental Results Conclusions References EyeScreen: A Gesture Interface for Manipulating On-Screen Objects Introduction Calibration and Background Subtraction Gesture Recognition Pose Parameters Computation Touching State Detection Applications Picture Browser Visual Pilot Conclusion References GART: The Gesture and Activity Recognition Toolkit Introduction Related Work GART Toolkit Architecture Code Samples Sample Applications Discussion Conclusions Static and Dynamic Hand-Gesture Recognition for Augmented Reality Applications Introduction Motivation and Previous Work Implementation Gesture Caption and Recognition Module Event Manager Evaluation Evaluation Setup and Procedure Results Conclusion and Future Directions References Multiple People Labeling and Tracking Using Stereo for Human Computer Interaction Introduction Segmentation and Appearance Model System Overview Background Segmentation Integral Histogram Disparity Layer Fragment Based Appearance Model Multiple People Tracking Box Tracking Fragment Based Tracking Multiple Templates Tracking Experimental Results Conclusion and Future Works References A Study of Human Vision Inspection for Mura Introduction The Definition of Mura The Classification of Mura Defects Psychometric Method Method Experimental Environment and Equipment Experimental Design Results The Influence of VCT–Mura Types and Experience Stripe Versus Rubbing Light-Leakage Versus Curtain H-Band V-Band The Masking Effect—Light-Leakage Conclusion References Tracing Users’ Behaviors in a Multimodal Instructional Material: An Eye-Tracking Study Introduction Methodology Participants Material Data Collection Data Analysis Results Total Eye-Fixation Durations and Fixation Counts for the Material Eye-Fixation Durations Based on Slide Presentation Styles Conclusion References A Study on Interactive Artwork as an Aesthetic Object Using Computer Vision System Introduction Discourse A Next Subject Conclusion: Aesthetic Object References Human-Computer Interaction System Based on Nose Tracking Introduction and Application System Architecture Nose Localization and Tracking Calibration Embedded Speech Recognition System Experimental Results Conclusion References Evaluating Eye Tracking with ISO 9241 - Part 9 Introduction Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion References Impact of Mental Rotation Strategy on Absolute Direction Judgments: Supplementing Conventional Measures with Eye Movement Data Introduction Previous Studies Review Overview of the Study Methods Participants Materials, Tasks, and Apparatus Design Procedures Results Conventional Behavior Measures Eye Movement Data Discussion References Beyond Mobile TV: Understanding How Mobile Interactive Systems Enable Users to Become Digital Producers Introduction Understanding the Context Description of Methods Review of Results Users’ Generated Content Evolution of Digital Content Conclusions References Media Convergence, an Introduction Introduction Strategies Behind Media Convergence Content Is Key Conclusion An Improved H.264 Error Concealment Algorithm with User Feedback Design Introduction H.264 Coding Standard Proposed EC Algorithm Experimental Results Summary and Conclusion References Classification of a Person Picture and Scenery Picture Using Structured Simplicity Introduction Paper Preparation Structured Simplicity of the Picture (SSP) Combination of Face Region Detection and SSP Experiment and Analysis Conclusion References Designing Personalized Media Center with Focus on Ethical Issues of Privacy and Security Introduction Conceptual Model and Problem Space Organization User Experience Framework Ethics and Privacy References Evaluation of VISTO: A New Vector Image Search TOol Introduction Main Features of VISTO The VISTO Engine The VISTO Interface Experiments and Discussion Experiments Discussion Conclusions References G-Tunes – Physical Interaction Design of Playing Music Introduction Related Work Music Cube Embroidered Music Balls Design Insight Concept of G-Tunes Defining Music Weight Interaction with G-Tunes Prototyping Discussion and Application Feedback of G-Tunes Additional Application Conclusion and Future Work References nan0sphere: Location-Driven Fiction for Groups of Users Introduction System Support for Location-Based Interactive Narratives Story-Telling Application The Panoply Middleware The nan0sphere Locative Media Experience Lessons from nan0sphere Related Work Conclusions References How Panoramic Photography Changed Multimedia Presentations in Tourism Introduction Apple’s QuicktimeVR The Virtual Experience Hardware Limitations The Portuguese Experience Tourism and Cultural Multimedia Projects: Next Generation Conclusions References Frame Segmentation Used MLP-Based X-Y Recursive for Mobile Cartoon Content Introduction Frame Segmentation Pre-process Struc

Here is the third of a four-volume set that constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2007, held in Beijing, China, in July 2007, jointly with eight other thematically similar conferences. It covers multimodality and conversational dialogue; adaptive, intelligent and emotional user interfaces; gesture and eye gaze recognition; and interactive TV and media.

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