HTML & CSS: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition (Complete Reference Series)

The Definitive Guide to HTML & CSS—Fully Updated Written by a Web development expert, the fifth edition of this trusted resource has been thoroughly revised and reorganized to address HTML5, the revolutionary new Web standard. The book covers all the elements supported in today's Web browsers—from the standard (X)HTML tags to the archaic and proprietary tags that may be encountered. HTML & CSS: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition contains full details on CSS 2.1 as well as every proprietary and emerging CSS3 property currently supported. Annotated examples of correct markup and style show you how to use all of these technologies to build impressive Web pages. Helpful appendixes cover the syntax of character entities, fonts, colors, and URLs. This comprehensive reference is an essential tool for professional Web developers. Master transitional HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 markup Write emerging standards-based markup with HTML5 Enhance presentation with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS1 and CSS 2.1) Learn proprietary and emerging CSS3 features Learn how to read (X)HTML document type definitions (DTDs) Apply everything in an open standards-focused fashion Thomas A. Powell is president of PINT, Inc. (pint.com), a nationally recognized Web agency. He developed the Web Publishing Certificate program for the University of California, San Diego Extension and is an instructor for the Computer Science Department at UCSD. He is the author of the previous bestselling editions of this book and Ajax: The Complete Reference , and co-author of The Complete Reference . 0071496297......Page 1 Contents......Page 8 Acknowledgments......Page 22 Introduction......Page 24 Part I: Core Markup......Page 26 First Look at HTML and XHTML......Page 28 Hello HTML and XHTML World......Page 31 HTML and XHTML: Version History......Page 39 HTML and XHTML DTDs: The Specifications Up Close......Page 41 (X)HTML Document Structure......Page 45 Browsers and (X)HTML......Page 56 The Rules of (X)HTML......Page 66 Major Themes of (X)HTML......Page 70 The Future of Markup—Two Paths?......Page 74 Summary......Page 78 Hello HTML5......Page 80 Loose Syntax Returns......Page 83 XHTML5......Page 85 HTML5: Embracing the Reality of Web Markup......Page 87 Presentational Markup Removed and Redefined......Page 88 HTML5 Document Structure Changes......Page 94 Adding Semantics......Page 100 HTML5’s Open Media Effort......Page 103 Client-Side Graphics with ......Page 107 HTML5 Form Changes......Page 126 Emerging Elements and Attributes to Support Web Applications......Page 131 HTML5 Metadata Changes......Page 141 HTML5: Beyond Markup......Page 145 Major HTML5 Themes......Page 151 Summary......Page 157 Flavors of HTML and XHTML......Page 158 Core Attributes Reference......Page 160 Language Attributes Reference......Page 163 Other Common Attributes Reference......Page 164 Common HTML5 Attributes Reference......Page 167 Event Attributes Reference......Page 171 HTML Element Reference......Page 179 Part II: Core Style......Page 452 Presentational HTML......Page 454 The Slow Rise of CSS......Page 455 First Look at CSS......Page 457 Hello CSS World......Page 463 CSS Versions......Page 465 The Specification of CSS......Page 468 Applying Style to a Document......Page 477 Media Types......Page 486 Alternative Styles......Page 489 User Styles......Page 491 Document Structure and CSS Inheritance......Page 493 Selectors......Page 495 CSS Properties Preview......Page 525 Measurements and Values......Page 527 CSS and (X)HTML Elements Fundamentals......Page 531 Major Themes of CSS......Page 538 Summary......Page 544 CSS Basics......Page 546 Style Inclusion Methods......Page 549 CSS Measurements......Page 552 CSS Strings and Keywords......Page 554 CSS Color Values......Page 555 CSS Selectors......Page 558 Miscellaneous CSS Constructs......Page 564 CSS1 and CSS 2.1 Properties......Page 567 CSS2 and CSS 2.1 Aural Style Properties......Page 632 The State of CSS3......Page 638 Implemented CSS3 and Browser-Specific Features......Page 654 Part III: Appendixes......Page 750 A: Character Entities......Page 752 Encoding Quirks and Considerations......Page 753 Traditional HTML Entities......Page 756 HTML 4.x and XHTML 1.x Character Entities......Page 765 Embracing Unicode......Page 773 Specifying Fonts......Page 776 Downloadable Fonts......Page 785 Font Replacement with Images......Page 788 sIFR and Other Text Replacement Techniques......Page 789 (X)HTML Colors......Page 790 CSS Color Values......Page 798 Browser-Safe Colors......Page 804 Basic Concepts......Page 808 Data URIs......Page 816 Other Emerging URL Forms......Page 819 Relative URLs......Page 820 URL Challenges......Page 821 Beyond URLs......Page 823 Element Type Declarations......Page 826 Occurrence Indicators......Page 827 Logical Connectors......Page 828 Attribute Declarations......Page 829 SGML and XML Keywords......Page 830 Comments......Page 831 The DTDs......Page 832 A......Page 834 B......Page 835 C......Page 837 D......Page 840 F......Page 841 G......Page 842 H......Page 843 I......Page 846 L......Page 847 M......Page 848 N......Page 849 P......Page 850 R......Page 851 S......Page 852 T......Page 853 V......Page 855 X......Page 856 Z......Page 857 McGraw-Hill Osborne Media 0071496297 1 Contents 8 Acknowledgments 22 Introduction 24 Part I: Core Markup 26 1 Traditional HTML and XHTML 28 First Look at HTML and XHTML 28 Hello HTML and XHTML World 31 HTML and XHTML: Version History 39 HTML and XHTML DTDs: The Specifications Up Close 41 (X)HTML Document Structure 45 Browsers and (X)HTML 56 The Rules of (X)HTML 66 Major Themes of (X)HTML 70 The Future of Markup鈥擳wo Paths? 74 Summary 78 2 Introducing HTML5 80 Hello HTML5 80 Loose Syntax Returns 83 XHTML5 85 HTML5: Embracing the Reality of Web Markup 87 Presentational Markup Removed and Redefined 88 HTML5 Document Structure Changes 94 Adding Semantics 100 HTML5鈥檚 Open Media Effort 103 Client-Side Graphics with 107 HTML5 Form Changes 126 Emerging Elements and Attributes to Support Web Applications 131 Internationalization Improvements 141 HTML5 Metadata Changes 141 HTML5: Beyond Markup 145 Major HTML5 Themes 151 Summary 157 3 HTML and XHTML Element Reference 158 Flavors of HTML and XHTML 158 Core Attributes Reference 160 Language Attributes Reference 163 Other Common Attributes Reference 164 Common HTML5 Attributes Reference 167 Event Attributes Reference 171 HTML Element Reference 179 Part II: Core Style 452 4 Introduction to CSS 454 Presentational HTML 454 The Slow Rise of CSS 455 First Look at CSS 457 Hello CSS World 463 CSS Versions 465 The Specification of CSS 468 Applying Style to a Document 477 Media Types 486 Alternative Styles 489 User Styles 491 Document Structure and CSS Inheritance 493 Selectors 495 CSS Properties Preview 525 Measurements and Values 527 CSS and (X)HTML Elements Fundamentals 531 Major Themes of CSS 538 Summary 544 5 CSS Syntax and Property Reference 546 CSS Versions 546 CSS Basics 546 Style Inclusion Methods 549 CSS Measurements 552 CSS Strings and Keywords 554 CSS Color Values 555 CSS Selectors 558 Miscellaneous CSS Constructs 564 CSS1 and CSS 2.1 Properties 567 CSS2 and CSS 2.1 Aural Style Properties 632 6 CSS3 Proprietary and Emerging Features Reference 638 The State of CSS3 638 Implemented CSS3 and Browser-Specific Features 654 Part III: Appendixes 750 A: Character Entities 752 Encoding Quirks and Considerations 753 Traditional HTML Entities 756 HTML 4.x and XHTML 1.x Character Entities 765 Embracing Unicode 773 B: Fonts 776 Specifying Fonts 776 Downloadable Fonts 785 Font Replacement with Images 788 sIFR and Other Text Replacement Techniques 789 C: Colors 790 (X)HTML Colors 790 CSS Color Values 798 Browser-Safe Colors 804 D: URLs 808 Basic Concepts 808 Data URIs 816 Other Emerging URL Forms 819 Relative URLs 820 URL Challenges 821 Beyond URLs 823 E: Reading a Document Type Definition 826 Element Type Declarations 826 Occurrence Indicators 827 Logical Connectors 828 SGML Content Exclusion and Inclusion 829 Attribute Declarations 829 SGML and XML Keywords 830 Parameter Entities 831 Comments 831 The DTDs 832 Index 834 A 834 B 835 C 837 D 840 E 841 F 841 G 842 H 843 I 846 J 847 K 847 L 847 M 848 N 849 O 850 P 850 Q 851 R 851 S 852 T 853 U 855 V 855 W 856 X 856 Y 857 Z 857 ISBN-13:,9780071496292 This fifth edition has been thoroughly revised and reorganized to address HTML5, the new Web standard. The book covers all the elements supported in today's Web browsers, from the standard (X)HTML tags to the archaic and proprietary tags that may be encountered. It contains full details on CSS 2.1 as well as every proprietary and emerging CSS3 property currently supported. Annotated examples of correct markup and style show how to use all of these technologies to build Web pages. Appendices cover the syntax of character entities, fonts, colors, and URLs. -- from back cover **The Definitive Guide to HTML & CSS—Fully Updated**__HTML & CSS: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition__ The go-to guide for professional Web developers--fully updated for the latest CSS and XHTML standards