How the Red Sun Rose : the Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930-1945

This work offers the most comprehensive account of the origin and consequences of the Yan'an Rectification Movement from 1942 to 1945. The author argues that this campaign emancipated the Chinese Communist Party from Soviet-influenced dogmatism and unified the Party, preparing it for the final victory against the Nationalist Party in 1949. More importantly, this monograph shows in great detail how Mao Zedong established his leadership through this party-wide political movement by means of aggressive intra-party purges, thought control, coercive cadre examinations, and total reorganizations of the Party's upper structure. The result of this movement not only set up the foundation for Mao's new China, but also deeply influenced the Chinese political structure today. The Chinese version of How the Red Sun Rose was published in 2000, and has had nineteen printings since then.

This work offers the most comprehensive account of the origin and consequences of the Yan'an Rectification Movement from 1942 to 1945. The author argues that this campaign emancipated the Chinese Communist Party from Soviet-influenced dogmatism and unified the Party, preparing it for the final victory against the Nationalist Party in 1949. More importantly, this monograph shows in great detail how Mao Zedong established his leadership through this party-wide political movement by means of aggressive intraparty purges, thought control, coercive cadre examinations, and total reorganizations of the Party's upper structure. The result of this movement not only set up the foundation for Mao's new China, but also deeply influenced the Chinese political structure today.The Chinese version ofHow the Red Sun Rosewas published in 2000, and has had twenty-two printings since then.~~~~~~"This lucid translation of Gao Hua's seminal study of the Yan'an rectification movement and the rise of Mao Zedong to paramount leadership of the Chinese Communist Party is a major contribution to international scholarship. The Chinese edition of How the Red Sun Rose set the standard for truly scholarly studies of Party history among PRC scholars ever since the first edition came out in 2000, and it still has not been surpassed. International scholars of modern China and of comparative politics will benefit from this authoritative translation and its many explanatory notes. General readers will enjoy Professor Gao's engaging writing."—Timothy Cheek, University of British Columbia "This forceful account of Mao Zedong's rise to pre-eminence displays extraordinary insight into the nature of power in the Chinese Communist Party. It provides a detailed narrative of the personal conflicts, purges, ideological struggle, and structural reorganization that enabled Mao to defeat his Sovietbacked rival, Wang Ming. The climax of the book comes in an eye-opening account of the Rectification Movement in Yan'an in 1942–44, which is a tour de force of prodigious research, meticulous analysis, and deep reflection."—S. A. Smith, University of Oxford "Finally available in a superb English translation, How the Red Sun Rose is the master work of the esteemed, independent, and controversial historian Gao Hua who was based at Nanjing University before his tragic death in 2012. Banned in China, this book is must reading for all who want to understand the trademark strategies deployed by Mao Zedong to achieve, maintain, and expand his political control both within the Communist Party and throughout Chinese society."—Paul G. Pickowicz, University of California, San Diego "A monumental and path-breaking study of Mao's rise in the party, a product of prodigious research in a vast range of documents, memoirs, and published archival sources, this book is the best account we have of the deep historical roots of the rectification campaign in the 1940s."—Joseph W. Esherick, University of California, San Diego

Contents 5 Foreword 7 Preface 15 Preface to the Second Printing 19 Acknowledgments 21 Abbreviations 23 1. The Origins of the Disagreements between Mao and the Central Leadership of the Chinese Communist Party 25 2. The Expansion of Mao’s Power after the Zunyi Conference and Moscow’s Political Interference 113 3. Power Struggles and Reorganization of the Party Leadership after Wang Ming’s Return to China 155 4. Mao’s Great Victory over Wang Ming 195 5. Seizing the Power of Ideological “Interpretation” 221 6. The Internal and External Environments of the Chinese Communist Party and Mao’s Advantageous Position on the Eve of the Rectification Movement 245 7. Revolution Begins at the Top: Mao and Wang Ming Cross Swords 303 8. The Revolution Shifts Downward: The Launch of the Full-scale Rectification Movement 343 9. From the “Yan’an Spring” to the Attack on Wang Shiwei 359 10. The Revolution Deepens: Reconstructing the Apparatus for Propaganda and Cadre Education 413 11. Forging the “New Man”: From Rectification to Cadre Examination 443 12. The Revolution Hits Its Peak: The Cadre Examination, Anti-spy, and Emergency Rescue Campaigns 495 13. Yan’an and the Base Areas during the Emergency Rescue Campaign 563 14. Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: The Retreat of the Emergency Rescue Campaign 651 15. “Long Live Chairman Mao”: The Culmination of the Yan’an Rectification Movement 685 Postscript 731 Notes 743 Bibliography 797 Index 821