How Evil Are Politicians?: Essays on Demagoguery

Учебник, США: University Science Books, 2006. — 1136 стр Современный учебник по физической органической химии, широко освещающий данную область знаний. Разделы: I. Molecular Structure and Thermodynamics II. Reactivity, Kinetics, and Mechanisms III. Electronic Structure: Theory and Applications Contents Introduction to structure and models of bonding Strain and stability Solutions and non-covalent binding forces Molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry Acid-base chemistry Stereochemistry Energy surfaces and kinetic analyses Experiments related to thermodynamics and kinetics Catalysis Organic reaction mechanisms, Part 1: reactions involving additions and/or eliminations Organic reaction mechanisms, Part 2: substitutions at aliphatic centers and thermal isomerizations/rearrangements Organotransition metal reaction mechanisms and catalysis Organic polymer and materials chemistry Advanced concepts in electronic structure theory Thermal pericyclic reactions Photochemistry Electronic organic materials Conversion factors and other useful data Electrostatic potential surfaces for representative organic molecules Group orbitals of common functional groups : representative examples using simple molecules The organic structures of biology Pushing electrons Reaction mechanism nomenclature "The twentieth century saw the birth of physical organic chemistry - the study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules - and the discipline matured to a brilliant and vibrant field. Some would argue that the last century also saw the near death of the field. In our opinion, physical organic chemistry is alive and well in the early twenty-first century. New life has been breathed into the field because it has embraced newer chemical disciplines, such as bioorganic, organometallic, materials, and supramolecular chemistries. These newer disciplines have given physical organic chemists fertile ground in which to study the interrelationships of structure and reactivity. Yet, even while these new fields have been developing, remarkable advances in our understanding of basic organic chemical reactivity have continued to appear, exploiting classical physical organic tools and developing newer experimental and computational techniques. Importantly, the techniques of physical organic chemistry and the intellectual approach to problems embodied by the discipline remain as relevant as ever to organic chemistry. Therefore, a course in physical organic chemistry will be essential for students for the foreseeable future. This book is meant to capture the state of the art of physical organic chemistry in the early twenty-first century, and, within the best of our ability, to present material that will remain relevant as the field evolves in the future. A student must know the fundamentals, such as the essence of structure and bonding in organic molecules, the nature of the basic reactive intermediates, and organic reaction mechanisms. However, students should also have an appreciation of the current issues and challenges in the field, so that when they inspect the modern literature they will have the necessary background to read and understand current research efforts. Therefore, while treating the fundamentals, we have wherever possible chosen examples and highlights from modern research areas."--adapted from Preface, page xxiii Anslyn Eric V. Modern Physical Organic Chemistry 2006 [pdf 1136sc 1099+1c. 57.59mb] Современный учебник по физической органической химии, широко освещающий данную область знаний. Разделы:I. Molecular Structure and ThermodynamicsII. Reactivity, Kinetics, and MechanismsIII. Electronic Structure: Theory and ApplicationsContentsIntroduction to structure and models of bondingStrain and stabilitySolutions and non-covalent binding forcesMolecular recognition and supramolecular chemistryAcid-base chemistryStereochemistryEnergy surfaces and kinetic analysesExperiments related to thermodynamics and kineticsCatalysisOrganic reaction mechanisms, Part 1: reactions involving additions and/or eliminationsOrganic reaction mechanisms, Part 2: substitutions at aliphatic centers and thermal isomerizations/rearrangementsOrganotransition metal reaction mechanisms and catalysisOrganic polymer and materials chemistryAdvanced concepts in electronic structure theoryThermal pericyclic reactionsPhotochemistryElectronic organic materialsConversion factors and other useful dataElectrostatic potential surfaces for representative organic moleculesGroup orbitals of common functional groups : representative examples using simple moleculesThe organic structures of biologyPushing electronsReaction mechanism nomenclature This modern textbook makes explicit the many connections between physical organic chemistry and critical fields such as organometallic chemistry, materials chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and biochemistry. In the latter part of the 20th century, the field of physical organic chemistry went through dramatic changes, with an increased emphasis on noncovalent interactions and their roles in molecular recognition, supramolecular chemistry, and biology; the development of new materials with novel structural features; and the use of computational methods. Contemporary chemists must be just as familiar with these newer fields as with the more established classical topics. Modern Physical Organic Chemistry is intended to bridge that gap. In addition to covering thoroughly the core areas of physical organic chemistry - structure and mechanism - the book will escort the practitioner of organic chemistry into a field that has been thoroughly updated. Making explicit the connections between physical organic chemistry and critical fields such as organometallic chemistry, materials chemistry, bioorganic chemistry and biochemistry, this book escorts the reader into an area that has been thoroughly updated in recent times In additionto covering thoroughly the core areas of physical organic chemistry –structure and mechanism – this book will escortthe practitioner of organic chemistry into a field that has been thoroughlyupdated.