How and Where to Go Beyond the Standard Model - Proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics

This volume is a collection of lectures given during the 42nd Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. The contributions cover the most recent advances in theoretical physics and the latest results from current experimental facilities.In line with one of the aims of the school, which is to encourage and promote young physicists to achieve recognition at an international level, the students' recognized for their research excellence were given the opportunity to publish their work in this volume. Their contributions are joined by those from many distinguished lecturers in the field from around the world. CONTENTS Lectures Present status of supersymmetry S. Ferrara 1 Introductory remarks 2 The case for supersymmetry and its super- world 3 The supersymmetric treshold and gauge cou- pling unification 4 The basic gauge interactions and their unification 5 Super Yang-Mills and Supergravity theories 6 String revolutions and beyond 7 M-theory: Mother, Mystery or Magic? 8 Supersymmetry breaking: no-scale super- gravity, Scherk-Schwarz breaking and flux compactifications 8.1 No-scale supergravity 8.2 Scalar potential in N-extended supergravity: vacua without cosmological constant 8.3 N = 8 Scherk-Schwarz spontaneously broken su- pergravity 8.4 N = 4 supergravity and type IIB orientifolds with fluxes 9 Quantum corrections to the cosmological constant Acknowledgements References CHAIRMAN: S. FERRARA DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: Sergio Ferrara DISCUSSION II CHAIRMAN: S. FERRARA DISCUSSION III Testing the Standard Model at HERA and first results from H E M II A . Geiser CHAIRMAN: A. GEISER DISCUSSION Highlights from Virgo A. Giazotto The existence of Gravitational Waves GW-Mass interaction, polarization effects and the GW transmitter The GW receiver Coalescing binaries Periodic Sources Advanced interferometers for gravitational wave detection: Quantum non-demolition techniques A . Giazotto Some considerations on 2 very important quantum noises: Shot noise and Radiation pressure The Origin of Ponderomotive Squeezing Radiation Pressure and Shot noise in a Michelson Interferometer The Squeezed State Ellipse Contour Conclusions Bibliography CHAIRMAN: A. GIAZOTTO DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: A. GIAZOTTO DISCUSSION II How and where to go within the Standard Model? M. Gyulassy 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical Background 2 What is the Quark Gluon Plasma? 3 What is the Color Glass Condensate? 4 The Space-Time Picture of Ultra-Relativistic Nu-clear Collisions 5 Empirid Evidence for QGP at RHIC 5.1 Collective Flow 5.2 The Breakdown of Bulk Collectivity 5.3 Perturbative QCD and Jet Quenching 5.3.1 IAA and Di-Jet Tomography 6 Empirical Evidence for the Color Glass Condensatre 6.1 Results from Electron-Hadrun Scattering 6.2 Heavy Ion Collisions 6.3 The Multiplicity 6.4 High pr Particles 6.5 The Developing Case for the CGC 7 Conclusions 8 Acknowledgments References CHAIRMAN: M. GYULASSY DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: M. GYULASSY DISCUSSION II Lattice QCD R. Kenway 1. Beyond Small Parameters 2. The Search for New Physics 3. Objectives of Lattice QCD 4. Methods of Lattice QCD 5. Continuum Physics 6. Renormalisation 7. Computational Cost and Matching to Effective Theories 8. Status of Simulation Results Today 9. Results for Light Hadrons 10. Heavy Quark Physics 11. Beyond the Standard Model 12. Conclusions CHAIRMAN: R.D. KENWAY DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: R D. KENWAY DISCUSSION II CHAIRMAN: R. D. KENWAY DISCUSSION III The J/Y as a probe of Quark-Gluon plasma L. Maiani Introduction LECTURE 1 Summary 1. A simple view of the collisions 2. Does the fireball thermalise? 3. Hadron gas 4. Hagedorn gas: the phase transition from below 5. Order parameters for the phase transition 6. Debye screening of charmonia 7. Summing up LECTURE 2 1. J/Y dissociation cross-sections in the Constituent Quark Model 2. Attenuation factors 3. Results for the hadron and Hagedorn gases 4. A bold speculation 5. J/Y as a probe of QGP: some conclusions REFERENCES CHAIRMAN: Luciano Maiani DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: Luciano Maiani DISCUSSION II The Black Hole information problem G. 't Hooft Astract 1. Introduction: The black hole horizon 2. The Brick Wall and the S-matrix 3. Holography 4. Black holes and the topology of space-time References The hidden SUSY face of QCD G. Veneziano CHAIRMAN: G. VENEZIANO DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: G. VENEZIANO DISCUSSION II Complexity exists at the fundamental level A . Zichichi 1 PURPOSE 2 PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE LOGIC OF NATURE AND COMPLEXITY 3 SEVEN DEFINITIONS OF COMPLEXITY 4 THE WHOLE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE 5 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: THE EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVABLE QUANTITIES AND A COMPARISON BETWEEN HISTORY AND SCIENCE 6 FROM THE BASIC QUANTITIES TO LIFE AND HISTORY 7 A FEW EXAMPLES OF AFB PHENOMENA: FROM BEETHOVEN TO THE SUPERWORLD 8 TOTALLY UNEXPECTED DISCOVERIES: UEEC EVENTS FROM GALILEO GALILEI TO THE STANDARD MODEL AND BEYOND 9 COMPLEXITY EXISTS AT ALL SCALES 10 THIS IS HOW PROGRESS IS MADE IN ADVANCED RESEARCH ‘Logical Reasoning is Difficult ’ 11 THE PLATONIC GRAND UNIFICATION 12 THE PLATONIC SUPERSYMMETRY 13 EXAMPLES OF UEEC EVENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE STANDARD MODEL AND BEYOND 14 THE GRAND UNIFICATION IN THE REAL WORLD 15 LET ME SUMMARIZE THE MAIN POINTS 16 FROM PLANCK TO COMPLEXITY: TWO GREAT NOVELTIES AND A CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES CHAIRMAN: Antonino Zichichi DISCUSSION I CHAIRMAN: A. ZICHICHI DISCUSSION II New Talents Exploring the proton's spin at PHENIX C, A. Aidala 1 Introduction 2 History of Proton Structure 2.1 The Quark-Parton Model 2.2 The Spin Structure of the Proton 3 The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 3.1 RHIC Physics 3.2 RHIC as a Polarized Proton Collider 3.3 The PHENIX Experiment 3.4 The Spin Physics Program at PHENIX 3.5 Recent Spin Physics Results 3.5.1 Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry of Neutral Pions and Charged Hadrons 3.5.2 Double Longitudinal-Spin Asymmetry of Neutral Pions 4 Conclusions 5 Acknowledgements References An improved discussion of charged Higgs Boson production J. Alwall 1 Introduction 2 The twin-processes and their double-counting 3 Matching the differential cross-sections 4 Factorization scale dependence 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements: References New issues in the inflationary scenario G. Imponente I. GENERAL STATEMENTS II. FROM THE SCM TO INFLATION A. The Friedmann Equation B. Shortcomings of the SM: Horizon and Flatness Paradoxes C. The Inflationary Paradigm D. New Inflation: the Slow Rolling Model III. EVOLUTION OF DENSITY PERTURBATIONS IV. INHOMOGENEOUS INFLATIONARY MODEL V. APPLICATIONS A. Coleman-Weinberg Model B, Lemaitre-Tolman Spherically Symmetric Metric C. Towards FLRW Universe VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS Acknowledgements The ghost-gluon vertex in Landau gauge Y ang-Mills theory W. Schleifenbaurn 1 Confinement in Covariant Gauges 2 Propagators in Yang-Mills Theory 3 Ghost-Gluon Vertex 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Little supersymmetry with heavy sfermions J. Wagner Abstract References Determining the actual local density of dark matter particles J. L. Bourjaily 1. Introduction 2. Discovering (Some of?) the Dark Matter 3. Local and Relic Densities 4. Dark Matter Direct Detection A. Elastic Scattering Rate B. Prerequisites to Determine px C. Combining Data 5. Determining the Wimp Mass A. Annual Modulation Crossing Energy B. Kinematical Consistency 6. Bounds on the Local Density 7. Neutralino Dark Matter A. Interaction Parameters B. Limits on Scattering Parameters C. Strong Lower Bound on px 8. Conclusions Acknowledgements References MSSM Higgs Bosons at a future linear collider. Heavy quark production at HERA using the H1 detector T. Klimkovich 1 MSSM Higgs Bosons at a Future Linear Collider 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Detector Simulations and Monte Carlo Samples 1.3 Analysis tools 1.4 Analysis Procedure and Results 1.5 SPS la 1.6 Measurement of parameters of CP-violating MSSM 2 Heavy Quark Production at HERA using the HI Detector References ( 1385) results with STAR S. Salur 1 Introduction 2 STAR Overview and Particle Identification 3 (1385) Results 4 Conclusions References Compact stars in the Standard Model - and beyond J. F. Sandin 1 Introduction 2 Compact stars and the maximum density prophecy 3 Compact stars beyond the desert 4 Formation, detection and astrophysical consequences 6 Acknowledgements 5 Conclusions References Closing Ceremony Diploma and Awards Participants Presents a collection of lectures given during the 42nd Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. This book covers the advances in theoretical physics and the results from experimental facilities. It includes contributions from students' recognized for their research excellence.