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Using a traditional historical-institutional approach, The Canadian Regime introduces students to the idea of the regime , which is a lens through which they can see how institutions interact with the basic principles of the political order. The authors explain how the Canadian liberal democratic regime was founded on the fundamental principles of liberty, equality, and consent and discuss the ways in which Canada’s institutions have developed and operate in accordance with these principles. The authors also examine how the regime has at times failed to follow these principles, particularly with respect to Canada’s Indigenous peoples in Canada, and how reforms to Canada’s governing institutions challenge historical assumptions concerning parliamentary government and federalism. Now in its seventh edition, The Canadian Regime continues to provide the most accessible introduction to Canadian politics, making Canada’s unique government and systems clear to students. This edition is updated with the results of the 2019 federal election. Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION 10 MAP: PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION BY PROVINCE 17 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 18 CHAPTER ONE: CANADA’S REGIME PRINCIPLES 20 1.1 Political Regimes 20 1.2 Equality and Democracy: Direct versus Indirect Government 22 1.3 Liberty 25 1.4 Consent and Citizenship 28 1.5 The Canadian Regime 31 CHAPTER TWO: THE CONSTITUTION 34 2.1 Constitutions and Their Functions 34 2.2 Constitutional Forms: Conventions and Laws 37 2.3 The Canadian Constitution 42 2.4 Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada 47 2.5 Amending Canada’s Constitution 51 2.6 Judicial Review of the Constitution 52 2.7 Constitutional Politics since 1982 53 PART TWO: A CONSTITUTION SIMILAR IN PRINCIPLE TO THAT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 58 CHAPTER THREE: RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT 60 3.1 The Emergence of Responsible Government 60 3.2 The Conventions of Responsible Government 62 3.3 Responsible Government as “Cabinet Government” 65 3.4 Majority and Minority Government 66 3.5 Forming a Government 69 3.6 Institutional Implications of Responsible Government 74 3.7 Responsible Government and Separation of Powers Compared 79 CHAPTER FOUR: THE CROWN AND ITS SERVANTS 83 4.1 The Crown 84 4.2 The Governor General 85 4.3 The Functions of the Governor General 86 4.4 The Cabinet 90 4.5 The Cabinet Committee System 93 4.6 The Prime Minister 94 4.7 Prime Ministerial Government? 96 4.8 The Civil Service 99 CHAPTER FIVE: PARLIAMENT 103 5.1 The Role of Parliament 104 5.2 The Parliamentary Calendar 106 5.3 The House of Commons: Membership and Officers 107 5.4 The Business of the House of Commons 112 5.5 The Rules of Procedure of the House of Commons 114 5.6 The Backbencher 116 5.7 House of Commons Reform 117 5.8 The Senate 119 5.9 Senate Reform 121 CHAPTER SIX: ELECTIONS 126 6.1 Elections and Representation 126 6.2 Representation and Diversity 129 6.3 Canada’s Current Electoral System: Single-Member Plurality (SMP) 132 6.4 Voting in Canada 135 6.5 Public Opinion Polling and Electoral Choice 139 6.6 The Effects of SMP 141 6.7 Proportional Representation (PR) 143 6.8 Alternative Voting (AV) 146 6.9 Electoral Reform 147 CHAPTER SEVEN: POLITICAL PARTIES 152 7.1 Political Parties in the Canadian Regime 152 7.2 The Five Functions of Political Parties 154 7.3 Parties and Ideology 156 7.4 Canada’s Major Parties 158 7.5 The Canadian Party System 165 7.6 The Organization of Political Parties 169 7.7 Financing Political Parties 173 7.8 Party Government and Party Politics 175 PART THREE: A CONSTITUTION SIMILAR IN PRINCIPLE TO THAT OF THE UNITED STATES 178 CHAPTER EIGHT: FEDERALISM 180 8.1 What Is Federalism? 181 8.2 Why a Federal Union? 182 8.3 The Original Design of the Federal Union 184 8.4 The Historical Development of Federalism in Canada 186 8.5 Financing Government and Federal-Provincial Relations 190 8.6 Other Orders of Government: Territorial and Municipal 193 8.7 Federalism and Indigenous Self-Government 195 8.8 The Challenges of Canadian Federalism 197 8.9 Current Controversies: The Pressure to Decentralize 201 CHAPTER NINE: THE CANADIAN CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 205 9.1 What Is a Charter of Rights? 205 9.2 The Adoption of the Charter 206 9.3 Opposition to the Charter 209 9.4 How the Charter Works: Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford 212 9.5 Remedies 213 9.6 Section 1 215 9.7 The Notwithstanding Clause 218 9.8 The Political Impact of the Charter 220 CHAPTER TEN: THE JUDICIARY 224 10.1 The Role of the Judiciary 224 10.2 The Fundamental Principles of the Canadian Judiciary 229 10.3 Canada’s Courts 233 10.4 The Supreme Court of Canada 238 10.5 The Politics of Judicial Appointments 240 10.6 Judicial Power and the Charter 243 CONCLUSION: An Education in Democratic Citizenship 246 APPENDIX: CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS 256 Excerpt from Royal Proclamation, 1763, per King George III 256 Constitution Act, 1867 258 Constitution Act, 1982 291 INDEX 306 "This book is an introduction to the fundamental principles and primary institutions of the Canadian political regime. Using a traditional historical-institutional approach, it The Canadian Regime introduces students to the idea of the regime, which is a lens through which they can see how institutions interact with the basic principles of the political order. The book explains authors explain how the Canadian liberal democratic regime was founded on the fundamental principles of liberty, equality, and consent and discusses the ways in which Canada's institutions have developed and operate in accordance with these principles. The authors also examine how the regime has at times failed to follow these principles, particularly with respect to Canada's Indigenous peoples, and how reforms to Canada's governing institutions challenge historical assumptions concerning parliamentary government and federalism. Now in its seventh edition, The Canadian Regime continues to provide the most accessible introduction to Canadian politics, making Canada's unique government and systems clear to students. This edition is updated with the results of the 2019 federal election."-- $c Provided by publisher "This book is an introduction to the fundamental principles and primary institutions of the Canadian political regime. Using a traditional historical-institutional approach, it The Canadian Regime introduces students to the idea of the regime, which is a lens through which they can see how institutions interact with the basic principles of the political order. The book explains authors explain how the Canadian liberal democratic regime was founded on the fundamental principles of liberty, equality, and consent and discusses the ways in which Canada’s institutions have developed and operate in accordance with these principles. The authors also examine how the regime has at times failed to follow these principles, particularly with respect to Canada’s Indigenous peoples, and how reforms to Canada’s governing institutions challenge historical assumptions concerning parliamentary government and federalism. Now in its seventh edition, The Canadian Regime continues to provide the most accessible introduction to Canadian politics, making Canada’s unique government and systems clear to students. This edition is updated with the results of the 2019 federal election."-- Résumé de l'éditeur "The new edition includes the results of Canada's 2015 federal election and looks ahead to consider changes resulting from the Liberal victory. It has been thoroughly updated and revised and introduces several new topics, such as the impact of the previous Conservative government on the conventions and practices of parliamentary government and the important influence of social media on politics. Two new co-authors, Gerald Baier and Thomas M.J. Bateman, join Patrick Malcolmson and Richard Myers to bring new expertise in the areas of federalism, judicial politics, Charter jurisprudence, political parties, and the ongoing health care debate."-- This book provides a concise explanation of the fundamental principles and primary institutions of the Canadian political regime.