Host Defenses to Intracellular Pathogens : Proceedings of a Conference Held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 10-12, 1981

The subject matter of this volume was the basis for a confer­ ence held in Philadelphia in June, 1981, and is an important one in the contemporary area of how the host interacts with micro­ organisms. In conception, it grew out of a graduate course entitled, "The Infectious Process," which has been taught in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Temple University School of Medicine during the past twelve years. This course has explored the broad areas of mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis and host resistance by in-depth consideration of selected models of experimental infection and immunity, as well as the clinical literature. It is noteworthy that there is no adequate text for this material, as the subject matter naturally crosses a wide spectrum of traditional disciplinary lines, encompassing topics as diverse as the mechanisms of action of bacterial toxins, the role of complement and antibody in phagocytosis, and the importance of cross-reacting bacterial polysaccharide antigens in vaccine development. A major portion of the course has always considered "cellular immunity" as it applies to host defenses to intracellular pathogens. It is in this area that the necessity for amalgamation of information from different disciplines is most evident, for one must be intimately concerned with the interactions between the microbe and the phagocyte, both before and after specific immune recognition. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Introduction and Historical Perspective....Pages 1-4 Oxygen Independent Microbicidal Mechanisms of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes....Pages 5-17 Oxidative Metabolism of Leukocytes and Its Relationship to Bactericidal Activity....Pages 19-30 Some Paradoxes of Macrophage Function....Pages 31-50 Genetic Disorders of Granulocyte Function: What they Tell Us about Normal Mechanisms....Pages 51-59 Modulation of Effector Lymphokines....Pages 61-68 Stimulation of Host Resistance to Metastatic Tumors by Macrophage Activating Agents Encapsulated in Liposomes....Pages 69-75 Effect of Prostaglandins on the Production of Interleukin-2....Pages 77-82 Interaction of Mycobacteria with Normal and Immunologically Activated Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 83-98 Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages Probably Kill M. Tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra In Vivo by Producing Hydrogen Peroxide....Pages 99-104 Interferon and Host Defense Systems....Pages 105-119 Mediator Interactions Regulating Macrophage Secretion of Interleukin 1 and Interferon....Pages 121-126 Macrophage Oxygen-Dependent Killing of Intracellular Parasites: Toxoplasma and Leishmania....Pages 127-143 Immunologic Lesions During Toxoplasma Gondii Infection....Pages 145-150 Immunodepression in BALB/c Mice Infected with Leishmania Tropica ....Pages 151-155 Cellular Mechanisms of Anti-Mycobacterial Immunity....Pages 157-182 Host Response to Infection with Mycobacterium Bovis (BCG) in Mice: Genetic Study of Natural Resistance....Pages 183-188 Cell Mediated Lysis of Lymphocytes Expressing Bacterial Antigens....Pages 189-195 Improvement of Abnormal Lymphocyte Responses in “Atypical” Mycobacteriosis with Indomethacin....Pages 197-201 Immunoregulatory Defects in Leprosy....Pages 203-215 Cellular Mechanisms of Resistance to Listeria Monocytogenes....Pages 217-225 Effect of Interferon Inducers and Purified Mouse Interferon on the Susceptibility of Mice to Infection with Listeria Monocytogenes ....Pages 227-233 Natural Resistance to Listeria Monocytogenes as a Function of Macrophage Inflammatory Response....Pages 235-244 Effect of Acute Nutritional Deprivation on Host Defenses Against Listeria Monocytogenes — Macrophage Function....Pages 245-250 Pilus-Mediated Clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium by the Perfused Mouse Liver....Pages 251-259 Immunity to Salmonella Infection....Pages 261-296 Strain Dependent Variation of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Salmonella Typhimurium Infected Mice....Pages 297-302 Monoclonal Antibodies to Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharides....Pages 303-311 Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Which Recognize Specific Cell Surface Determinants on Salmonella Typhimurium ....Pages 313-317 Monoclonal Antibodies as Probes for Antigens of Mycoplasma Pulmonis ....Pages 319-326 Electron Microscopic Examination of the Inflammatory Response of Guinea Pig Neutrophils and Macrophages to Legionella Pneumophila ....Pages 327-333 Activation of Macrophages for Killing of Rickettsiae: Analysis of Macrophage Effector Function after Rickettsial Inoculation of Inbred Mouse Strains....Pages 335-353 Parameters of Cellular Immunity in Acute and Chronic Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi Infections of Inbred Mice....Pages 355-360 Lymphokine Stimulated Macrophages Inhibit Intracellular Chlamydia Psittaci Replication by Mechanisms Distinct from Intracellular Inhibition of Toxoplasma Gondii Replication....Pages 361-364 Natural and Acquired Resistance to Trypanosoma Cruzi ....Pages 365-382 Immunity to Fungal Infections....Pages 383-408 Antibody-Independent Mechanisms in the Development of Acquired Immunity to Malaria....Pages 409-423 Intracellular Destruction of Leishmania Tropica by Macrophages Activated in Vivo with Mycobacterium Bovis Strain BCG....Pages 425-431 In Vitro Macrophage Antimicrobial Activities and In Vivo Susceptibility to Leishmania Tropica Infection....Pages 433-439 Virus-Immune T Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies in the Mouse Influenza Model....Pages 441-447 Escape from Immune Surveillance during Persistent Virus Infection....Pages 449-461 Influence of Viruses on Cells of the Immune Response System....Pages 463-474 Genetically Controlled Resistance to Viruses....Pages 475-487 Macrophage Oxidative Metabolism: A Defense Mechanism Against Virus Infection?....Pages 489-495 Interferon-Induced Augmentation of Natural Killer Cell Activity by Splenocytes from Leukemia Virus Immunosuppressed Mice....Pages 497-501 Immunological Comparison of Ocular Disease Induced by two Strains of Herpes Virus of Different Virulence....Pages 503-508 Cellular Processing of the Large Glycoprotein of Lacrosse Virus (Family Bunyaviridae); Implications for Virion Assembly and Host Defense....Pages 509-515 CMV and Renal Allograft Survival....Pages 517-519 Back Matter....Pages 521-538 We are pleased to present to our readers the Proceedings of the International Symposium "Proteases: Potential Role in Health and Disease" which was held in WUrzburg (FRG) during October 17-20, 1982. The topics discussed included those dealing with the physiology and pathophysiology of proteases and their inhibitors, the interactions of proteases and hormones, the kallikrein-kinin system, complement and the coagulation system, the function of proteases in the kidney and the intestinal tract as well as the role of proteases in lung diseases, pancreatitis, arthritis and hypercatabolic states (multiple trauma, septicemia, acute renal failure). The papers presented answered many questions, but raised many more concerning the significance of proteases and their inhibitors in clinical medicine. It was unfortunately impossible in this volume to include the extended, lively and extremely stimulating discussions which were enjoyed by the participants during the conference. The meeting has provided a unique framework for close interaction between scientists from various disciplines, including biochemistry, physiology, surgery, anesthesiology, endocrinology, hematology, pulmonologist and nephrology.