Hospital-based Injury and Violence Prevention Programs : The Trauma Center Guide for All Healthcare Professionals

Preface Contents About the Authors 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Current State of Hospital-Based Injury and Violence Prevention Programs in the USA 1.3 The Role of Hospital-Based Injury Prevention Professional 1.3.1 Professionalization of the Role 1.4 Developing an Organized and Effective Approach to Injury Prevention 1.4.1 Recommendations for Planning Injury Prevention Intervention Strategies (ACSCOT 2022) 1.4.2 Standards and Indicators for Model Level I and II Trauma Center Injury and Violence Prevention Programs References 2: Public Health Fundamentals for an Effective Approach to Injury Prevention 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Upstream and Downstream Prevention 2.2.1 Primary Prevention 2.2.2 Secondary Prevention 2.2.3 Tertiary Prevention 2.3 Prevention Strategies 2.3.1 The E’s 2.3.1.1 Education 2.3.1.2 Enforcement 2.3.1.3 Environmental and Engineering 2.3.1.4 Economic 2.3.2 Active and Passive Interventions 2.4 The Public Health Approach 2.4.1 Define the Problem 2.4.2 Identify Risk and Protective Factors 2.4.3 Develop and Test Prevention Strategies 2.4.4 Assure Widespread Adoption 2.5 Understanding the Complexity of Injury Risk and Prevention 2.5.1 Social Determinants of Health 2.5.2 Adaptive Challenges and the Complexity of Risk and Protective Factors 2.5.3 The Importance of Collaborative Injury Prevention 2.6 A Call to Action References 3: Cultural Humility in Hospital-Based Injury and Violence Prevention 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Impact of Racism on Injury Prevalence and Patterns 3.2.1 Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.2.2 Redlining 3.3 Public Health Approach 3.4 Effectively Engaging Communities and Individuals 3.5 Changing Narratives References 4: Building Injury Prevention Capacity Through Community Partnership 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Defining Community 4.3 Identifying Priority Populations Impacted by Injuries 4.4 Genuine Community Engagement 4.4.1 Partnership 4.4.2 Coalition Development 4.4.3 Internal Stakeholders 4.4.4 External Stakeholder 4.4.5 Collaboration 4.4.6 Capacity Building 4.5 Community Engagement as a Continuum 4.6 Community Engagement Strategies 4.6.1 Cultural Competence and Humility 4.6.2 Education for Vulnerable Populations 4.6.3 Community-Wide Education 4.6.4 Building Sustainability 4.6.5 Common Pitfalls in Community Engagement 4.6.5.1 Lack of Unity 4.6.5.2 Funding Requirement 4.6.5.3 Lack of Shared Credit 4.7 Evaluating Community Engagement References 5: Developing a Data-Driven Approach for Injury and Violence Prevention 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Using Data to Make a Difference 5.2.1 Understanding Data Basics 5.2.2 Types of Data 5.2.3 Data Measurement 5.2.4 Data Presentation 5.2.5 Data Privacy 5.3 The Trauma Registry 5.4 Data Sources Beyond the Registry 5.4.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 5.4.2 The Traffic Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA) 5.4.3 The Occupational Safety Health and Administration (OSHA) 5.4.4 National Safety Council (NSC) 5.4.5 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 5.4.6 The World Health Organization (WHO) 5.4.7 State Departments of Health (DPH), Injury Prevention Programs 5.5 Data for Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation 5.6 Summary References 6: Ensuring an Evidence-Based Approach to Injury Prevention Interventions 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice 6.2.1 EBP to Practice Gap 6.3 Steps in the EBP Process 6.3.1 Inquiry 6.3.2 Formulating the Critical Question: PICOT 6.3.3 Collecting the Highest Quality and Most Relevant Evidence 6.4 Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and the Hierarchy of Evidence 6.5 Evidence-Based Guidelines 6.6 Guiding Implementation and Sustainability of Evidence-Based Practice 6.7 Role of Evaluation in EBP Practice 6.8 Disseminating Evidence 6.9 Leadership Strategies for Creating and Sustaining Evidence-Based Practice Organizations 6.10 Defeating Unknowingness References 7: Conducting Research in Community-Based Injury Prevention 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Role of Research in HIVP Programs 7.3 Types of IVP Research 7.4 Community-Based Participatory Research References 8: Business Planning to Sustain Injury Prevention Programming 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Importance of Planning 8.3 Collecting Information and Analysis 8.4 Applying Business Theory to Injury Programs 8.4.1 The Macroenvironment Analysis 8.5 Competitive Environment Analysis 8.5.1 Using PORTERS Five Forces to Analyze the Competitive Environment 8.6 Microenvironment Analysis 8.6.1 Implementing a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis 8.6.2 Identifying the Injury Prevention Program’s Resources & Capabilities 8.6.3 Applying VRIO Analysis to the Injury Prevention Program 8.6.4 Determining the Sustainable Core Competencies of the Injury Prevention Program 8.7 Defining the Business Strategy 8.7.1 Basic Components of a Business Strategy (HIVP Program Plan) 8.7.1.1 Executive Summary 8.7.1.2 Program Description 8.7.1.3 Program Structure 8.7.1.4 Program Mission and Vision 8.7.1.5 Key Goals 8.7.1.6 Operations Plan 8.7.1.7 Marketing Plan 8.7.1.8 Financial Plan 8.8 Logic Modeling 8.8.1 Basic Components of a Logic Model 8.8.1.1 Resources 8.8.1.2 Activity 8.8.1.3 Outputs 8.8.1.4 Outcomes 8.8.1.5 Impacts 8.9 Conclusion References 9: Understanding the Role of Advocacy 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Public Policymaking 101 9.2.1 Advocating with the Sponsor of a Bill 9.2.2 Role of the HIVP Professional in Advocacy 9.2.3 Advocating for Legislation 9.3 Strategies for Injury Prevention Advocacy 9.3.1 Advocacy Partnerships 9.3.2 Advocacy Communications 9.3.3 Other Advocacy Strategies 9.4 Conclusion References 10: Resources for Hospital-Based Injury and Violence Prevention Professionals 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Selecting Quality Resources 10.1.1.1 Qualities of a Good Resource 10.1.1.2 Warning Signs of an Unreliable Resource 10.2 ACS Provided Resources 10.3 Organizations Conducting Injury Prevention Work 10.3.1 General 10.3.2 Age or Topic Focused Organizations 10.4 Commonly Used Resources Addressing Leading Causes of Injury 10.4.1 Adult Injury Prevention 10.4.2 Pediatric Injury Prevention 10.5 Training and Professional Development 10.5.1 Training Courses 10.5.2 Fundamentals of Injury Prevention 10.5.3 Evidence-Based HIVP Programs and Policies 10.6 Data and Research 10.6.1 Data 10.6.2 Research Updates and Networks 10.7 Advocacy This book offers the first comprehensive insight into hospital-based injury and violence prevention programs and describes a public health approach for the integration of population-based injury prevention into trauma centers. This book meets the need for a public health informed approach, as a majority of hospital-based injury and violence prevention programs are positioned within hospital systems driven by patient-centered, acute care models. Significant variability in administration, staffing and reimbursement structures across trauma centers has historically hindered standardization of injury prevention program structure and the role of the injury prevention professional. Topics in the book include the history and development of hospital-based programs, the need and process for developing data-driven and evidence-based injury prevention interventions, building trauma center capacity for outreach through partnerships, developing prevention efforts using trauma-informed care approach, community based research and program evaluation, and the role of advocacy in injury and violence prevention. The multidisciplinary team of authors offers a collaborative approach to the implementation and development of Hospital-based Injury and Violence Prevention Programs which will serve acute care nurses, trauma program managers, hospital administrators, trauma surgeons, hospital-based injury prevention professionals, and local public health professionals.