یادگیری افقی در قرون وسطی بالا: انتقال دانش از همتا به همتا در جوامع مذهبی (جوامع دانش)

The history of medieval learning has traditionally been studied as a vertical transmission of knowledge from a master to one or several disciples. \*Horizontal Learning in the High Middle Ages: Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Transfer in Religious Communities\* centres on the ways in which cohabiting peers learned and taught one another in a dialectical process - how they acquired knowledge and skills, but also how they developed concepts, beliefs, and adapted their behaviour to suit the group: everything that could mold a person into an efficient member of the community. This process of 'horizontal learning' emerges as an important aspect of the medieval learning experience. Progressing beyond the view that high medieval religious communities were closed, homogeneous, and fairly stable social groups, the essays in this volume understand communities as the product of a continuous process of education and integration of new members. The authors explore how group members learned from one another, and what this teaches us about learning within the context of a high medieval community. Cover 1 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgments 8 1. Introduction 10 Micol Long and Steven Vanderputten 10 2. Communal Learning and Communal Identities in Medieval Studies 18 Consensus, Conflict, and the Community of Practice 18 Tjamke Snijders 18 3. Condiscipuli Sumus 48 The Roots of Horizontal Learning in Monastic Culture 48 Micol Long 48 4. Ut Fiat Aequalitas 66 Spiritual Training of the Inner Man in the Twelfth-Century Cloister 66 Cédric Giraud 66 5. Truth as Teaching 82 Lying and the Ethics of Learning in Twelfth-Century Monastic Culture 82 Jay Diehl 82 6. Making Space for Learning in the Miracle Stories of Peter the Venerable 112 Marc Saurette 112 7. Teaching through Architecture 142 Honorius Augustodunensis and the Medieval Church 142 Karl Patrick Kinsella 142 8. Men and Women in the Life of the Schools 164 In the Classroom of Hermann of Reichenau 164 C. Stephen Jaeger 164 9. Heloise’s Echo 186 The Anthropology of a Twelfth-Century Horizontal Knowledge Landscape 186 Babette Hellemans 186 10. Forms of Transmission of Knowledge at Saint Gall (Ninth to Eleventh Century) 208 Nicolangelo D’Acunto 208 11. Horizontal Learning in Medieval Italian Canonries 218 Neslihan Şenocak 218 12. Concluding Observations 236 Horizontal, Hierarchical, and Community-Oriented Learning in a Wider Perspective 236 Sita Steckel 236 Bibliography 258 List of illustrations 7 Figure 1 42 Figure 2 167 The history of medieval learning has been studied both as a vertical master-student phenomenon, and as part of a broad 'educational environment'. This volume centers on the ways in which cohabiting peers learned and taught one another in a dialectical process - how they acquired knowledge and skills, but also how they developed concepts, beliefs, and adapted their behavior to suit the group: everything that could mold a person into an efficient member of the community. This process of 'horizontal learning' emerges as an important aspect of the medieval learning experience Cohabiting peers learned from one another in medieval religious communities (11th-12th century), not top-down but peer-to-peer. This volume focuses on the way in which day-to-day interpersonal exchanges of knowledge functioned in practice.