Holding aloft the banner of Ethiopia : Caribbean radicalism in early twentieth-century America

A major history of the impact of Caribbean migration to the United States. Marcus Garvey, Claude McKay, Claudia Jones, C.L.R. James, Stokely Carmichael, Louis Farakhan -- the roster of immigrants from the Caribbean who have made a profound impact on the development of radical politics in the United States is extensive. In this magisterial and lavishly illustrated work, Winston James focuses on the twentieth century's first waves of immigrants from the Caribbean and their contribution to political dissidence in America. Examining the way in which the characteristics of the societies they left shaped their perceptions of the land to which they traveled, Winston James draws sharp differences between Hispanic and English-speaking arrivals. He explores the interconnections between the Cuban independence struggle, Puerto Rican nationalism, Afro-American feminism, and black communism in the first turbulent decades of the twentieth century. He also provides fascinating insights into the impact of Puerto Rican radicalism in New York City and recounts the remarkable story of Afro-Cuban radicalism in Florida. Marcus Garvey, Claude McKay, Claudia Jones, C.L.R. James, Stokely Carmichael, Louis Farakhanthe roster of immigrants from the Caribbean who have made a profound impact on the development of radical politics in the United States is extensive. In this magisterial and lavishly illustrated work, Winston James focuses on the twentieth centurys first waves of immigrants from the Caribbean and their contribution to political dissidence in America. Examining the way in which the characteristics of the societies they left shaped their perceptions of the land to which they traveled, Winston James draws sharp differences between Hispanic, Anglophone, and other non-Hispanic arrivals. He explores the interconnections between the Cuban independence struggle, Puerto Rican nationalism, Afro-American feminism, and black communism in the first turbulent decades of the twentieth century. He also provides fascinating insights into the peculiarities of Puerto Rican radicalisms impact in New York City and recounts the remarkable story of Afro-Cuban radicalism in Florida. Virgin Islander Hubert Harrison, whom A. Philip Randolph dubbed the father of Harlem radicalism, is rescued from the historical shadows by Jamess analysis of his pioneering contribution to Afro-Americas radical tradition. In addition to a subtle re-examination of Garveys Universal Negro Movement Associationincluding the exertions and contributions of its female membersJames provides the most detailed exploration so far undertaken of Cyril Briggs and his little-known but important African Blood Brotherhood. This diligently researched, wide ranging and sophisticated book will be welcomed by all those interested in the Caribbean and its migrs , the Afro-American current within Americas radical tradition, and the history, politics, and culture of the African diaspora. Prologue 1 -- 1 Caribbean Migration: Scale, Determinants, And Destinations, 1880-1932 9 -- 2 The Peculiarities Of The Caribbeans: Characteristics And Forces Conducive To Radicalization 50 -- 3 Coming At Midnight: Race And Caribbean Reactions To America 92 -- 4 The Caribbean And The United States: Patterns Of Race, Color, And Class 101 -- 5 Dimensions And Main Currents Of Caribbean Radicalism In America: Hubert Harrison, The African Blood Brotherhood, And The Unia 122 -- 6 Race Consciousness, Class Consciousness, And The Political Strategies Of William Monroe Trotter And Marcus Garvey 185 -- 7 The Peculiarities Of Afro-hispanic Radicalism In The United States: The Political Trajectories Of Arturo Schomburg And Jesus Colon 195 -- 8 From A Class For Itself To A Race On Its Own: The Strange Case Of Afro-cuban Radicalism And Afro-cubans In Florida, 1870-1940 232 -- Epilogue 258 -- Postscript Harold Cruse And The West Indians: Critical Remarks On The Crisis Of The Negro Intellectual 262 -- Statistical Appendix 353 -- Maps -- The Caribbean 10 -- Jamaica And Its Parishes 18 -- Barbados And Its Parishes 31. Winston James. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [372]-398) And Index. Frontmatter PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (page vii) PROLOGUE (page 1) 1 Caribbean Migration: Scale, Determinants, and Destinations, 1880-1932 (page 9) 2 The Peculiarities of the Caribbeans: Characteristics and Forces Conducive to Radicalization (page 50) 3 Coming at Midnight: Race and Caribbean Reactions to America (page 92) 4 The Caribbean and the United States: Patterns of Race, Color, and Class (page 101) 5 Dimensions and Main Currents of Caribbean Radicalism in America: Hubert Harrison, the African Blood Brotherhood, and the UNIA (page 122) 6 Race Consciousness, Class Consciousness, and the Political Strategies of William Monroe Trotter and Marcus Garvey (page 185) 7 The Peculiarities of Afro-Hispanic Radicalism in the United States: The Political Trajectories of Arturo Schomburg and Jesús Colón (page 195) 8 From a Class for Itself to a Race on its Own: The Strange Case of Afro-Cuban Radicalism and Afro-Cubans in Florida, 1870-1940 (page 232) EPILOGUE (page 258) POSTSCRIPT Harold Cruse and the West Indians: Critical Remarks on The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual (page 262) NOTES (page 292) STATISTICAL APPENDIX (page 353) BIBLIOGRAPHY (page 372) INDEX (page 399) This is a systemic study of the politics and culture of the Afro-Caribbean migration to the United States, explaining the enigma of political radicalism among Caribbean migrants in America. It reports on black leadership, from Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam to Colin Powell. Caribbean Immigrants in the United States have played a prominent part in the country's politics and culture during this century. Here, Winston Graham examines the reasons for the success of Louis Farrakhan, Colin Powell, etc