Hiv, Resurgent Infections And Population Change In Africa (international Studies In Population)

Forty years ago, the age-old battle against infectious diseases as a major threat to human health was believed close to being won. However, by the late twentieth century, the increase of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases was evident in both low and high income countries. About 30 new infectious diseases have been identified in the last 20 years. Among the "new" diseases, and most importantly, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, with 40 million persons infected and 25 million deaths since its first description, presents one of the most significant health, societal and security challenges facing the global community. The interaction of HIV/AIDS with tuberculosis, malaria and bacterial infections have increased HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and in turn, the HIV pandemic has brought about devastating increases in tuberculosis. Understanding the population impact and the dynamics of infection diseases in the most affected region is critical to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of such infections, and for decisions on where to use limited resources in the fight against infections. This book aims to contribute to these efforts by offering a demographic and epidemiological perspective on emerging and reemerging infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Front Matter....Pages i-xix World Mortality 1950–2000: Divergence Replaces Convergence from the Late 1980s....Pages 11-25 The Impact of Population Growth on the Epidemiology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases....Pages 27-40 Why Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa has Ceased Declining since the Early 1990s. The Example of Senegal, a Country where the Hiv Epidemic has Remained at a Low Level....Pages 41-65 Malaria, Climate Change and Possible Impacts on Populations in Africa....Pages 67-77 Economic Crisis and Changes in Mortality Due to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Antananarivo, Madagascar....Pages 79-99 Economic and Ethical Aspects of Controlling Infectious Diseases....Pages 101-119 HIV Infection in Young Adults in Africa: Context, Risks, and Opportunities for Prevention....Pages 123-154 Sexual Behaviour Change, Marriage and HIV Prevalence in Zambia....Pages 155-170 Migration, HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Perception of Risk and Condom Use in the Senegal River Valley....Pages 171-194 HIV in Zimbabwe 1985–2003: Measurement, Trends and Impact....Pages 195-213 The Impact of HIV Infection on Tuberculosis in Africa....Pages 215-228 Impact of HIV on Mortality in Southern Africa: Evidence from Demographic Surveillance....Pages 229-243 The Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries: An End to Systematic Under-estimation....Pages 245-261 Back Matter....Pages 263-268 Edited By Michel Caraël And Judith R. Glynn. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.