Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini : Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century

The fourth edition of __Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century__ presents an innovative comparison of the origins, development, and demise of the three forms of totalitarianism that emerged in twentieth-century Europe. * Represents the only book that systematically compares all three infamous dictators of the twentieth century * Provides the latest scholarship on the wartime goals of Hitler and Stalin as well as new information on the disintegration of the Soviet empire * Compares the early lives of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini, their ideologies, rise to and consolidation of power, and the organization and workings of their dictatorships * Features topics organized by themes rather than strictly chronologically * Includes a wealth of visual material to support the text, as well as a thorough Bibliographical Essay compiled by the author Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini 3 Copyright 6 Contents 9 List of Maps 12 List of Plates 13 Preface 15 Chapter 1 The Ideological Foundations 23 Definitions of Totalitarianism 23 Marxism – Leninism – Stalinism 26 Fascism and Nazism 28 Chapter 2 The Seizure of Power 34 Russia on the Eve of Revolution 35 The Establishment of the Soviet Dictatorship 38 The Failure of Liberal Italy 44 The Birth and Triumph of Fascism 48 Germany and the Impact of World War I 54 The Weimar Republic and the Rise of the Nazi Movement 60 The Great Depression and the Nazi Takeover 66 Chapter 3 Personalities and Policies of the Dictators 73 Stalin’s Youth and Early Career 74 Stalin the Demigod 77 Mussolini: The Young Socialist 80 The Duce: Strengths and Weaknesses 85 The Young Hitler 87 Hitler: The Chaotic Dictator 91 Hitler’s Private Life and Relations with Women 95 Chapter 4 Totalitarian Economies 99 The End of the New Economic Policy 100 Stalin’s War against the Peasants 102 The First Five-Year Plan and Industrialization 108 The Fascist Economy 111 The Economy of National Socialist Germany 116 Chapter 5 Propaganda, Culture, and Education 124 The Limitations of Propaganda 125 Soviet Propaganda 127 Fascist Propaganda 129 Nazi Propaganda 131 Totalitarian Culture 136 Soviet Education 144 Education in the Fascist States 147 Youth Groups 150 Chapter 6 Family Values and Health 156 The Conservative Trend in Values 157 Soviet Women: The Mixed Blessings of Emancipation 158 Fascist Italy: The Failure of Antifeminism 162 Women in Nazi Germany: Kinder, Kirche, und Küche? 166 Health and Eugenics in Nazi Germany 172 Religion: The Basic Incompatibility 175 Chapter 7 Totalitarian Terror 184 The Great Purges in the Soviet Union 185 Terror and Persecution in the Fascist States 194 The Persecution of Jews 196 Chapter 8 The Era of Traditional Diplomacy and War, 1933–1941 209 Hitler’s Foreign Policy Strategy 210 Hitler as “Peace Lover,” 1933–1935 215 From Ethiopia to Spain: Fascist Italy at War 217 Austria and Czechoslovakia: Hitler’s First Conquests 222 The Approach of War 228 The Blitzkrieg Campaigns 232 The Italian Intervention 238 Chapter 9 Total War, 1941–1945 245 Hitler Turns East 248 Stalin’s Preparations for War 251 The Russian Campaign in 1941 257 Hitler and the Untermenschen 260 Hitler and Stalin as War Lords 264 The Fall of Fascism 271 The German Home Front 275 The War in the West 278 The End of the Third Reich 282 Chapter 10 The Collapse of Soviet Totalitarianism 288 Stalin’s Last Years, 1945–1953 289 The Khrushchev Era 293 Reaction and Reform: From Brezhnev to Gorbachev 297 Problems of the Soviet Economy and Society 301 Soviet Women in the Last Years of the Regime 304 Soviet Society in the 1980s: The Balance Sheet 307 The Revolt of the Satellites and the Disintegration of the Soviet Union 308 The End of Soviet Totalitarianism 311 Chapter 11 Lessons and Prospects 314 The Triumph of Dogmatism 316 The Structural Flaws of Totalitarianism 317 The Totalitarian Legacy 322 Bibliographical Essay 330 Index 360 Supplemental Images 393 The New, Fourth Edition Of Bruce Pauley?s Hitler, Stalin, And Mussolini: Totalitarianism In The Twentieth Century Features An Updated And Expanded Bibliographical Essay And The Latest Scholarship On The Wartime Goals Of Hitler And Stalin. Also Included Is New Information On The Disintegration Of The Soviet Empire. Like Its Predecessors, This Book Presents An Innovative Comparison Of The Origins, Development, And Demise Of The Three Forms Of Totalitarianism That Emerged In Europe Early In The Twentieth Century. After Addressing The Failure Of The Preceding Regimes, It Traces The Development Of The Totalitarian Movements Of Nazi Germany, The Soviet Union, And Fascist Italy?showing How Each National Leader Was Able To Capture And Consolidate Authority Before The Inevitable Plummet From Power. While Offering Vivid Portraits Of The Dictators? Youths, Early Careers, Relationships With Women, Management Styles, And Cults Of Personality (both Personally Crafted And As Created By Their Propaganda Machines), Pauley Moves Beyond Conventional Narratives Of Totalitarianism To Offer A Unique, Interpretive Comparison Of The Economics, Culture, Education, And Health-care Systems Of The Three Dictatorships. Other Themes Explored Include The Regimes' Position On Fine Arts And Popular Entertainment, Treatment Of Women And Young People, And Terroristic Oppression Of Religious Institutions And Minorities. Hitler, Stalin, And Mussolini Offers Illuminating New Insights On Many Facets Of The Rise And Fall Of These Three Infamous Dictatorships Of Twentieth-century Europe.-- The Ideological Foundations -- The Seizure Of Power -- Personalities And Policies Of The Dictators -- Totalitarian Economics -- Propaganda, Culture, And Education -- Family Values And Health -- Totalitarian Terror -- The Era Of Traditional Diplomacy And War, 1933-1941 -- Total War, 1941-1945 -- The Collapse Of Soviet Totalitarianism -- Lessons And Prospects. Bruce F. Pauley. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The new, fourth edition of Bruce Pauley?s Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century features an updated and expanded bibliographical essay and the latest scholarship on the wartime goals of Hitler and Stalin. Also included is new information on the disintegration of the Soviet empire. Like its predecessors, this book presents an innovative comparison of the origins, development, and demise of the three forms of totalitarianism that emerged in Europe early in the twentieth century. After addressing the failure of the preceding regimes, it traces the development of the totalitarian movements of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and Fascist Italy?showing how each national leader was able to capture and consolidate authority before the inevitable plummet from power. While offering vivid portraits of the dictators? youths, early careers, relationships with women, management styles, and cults of personality (both personally crafted and as created by their propaganda machines), Pauley moves beyond conventional narratives of totalitarianism to offer a unique, interpretive comparison of the economics, culture, education, and health-care systems of the three dictatorships. Other themes explored include the regimes' position on fine arts and popular entertainment, treatment of women and young people, and terroristic oppression of religious institutions and minorities. Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini offers illuminating new insights on many facets of the rise and fall of these three infamous dictatorships of twentieth-century Europe."-- Provided by publisher