Hitler - Benes - Tito: National Conflicts, World Wars, Genocides, Expulsions, and Divided Remembrance in East-Central and Southeastern Europe, ... Der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse)

"In the spring of 1945, Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, President Edvard Beneš, and Marshal Josip Broz Tito stood as examples of the complete rupture between the Germans and Austrians on the one hand, and the Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks on the other. The total break that occurred in World War II with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and even genocides (particularly against the Jews and "Gypsies") had a long pre-history, beginning with violent nationalist clashes in the Habsburg Monarchy during the revolutions of 1848/49. Therefore, this monograph - based on a broad range of international primary and secondary sources - explores the development of the political, legal, economic, social, and cultural 'communities of conflict' within Austria-Hungary, especially in the Bohemian and South Slavic countries, the making of the Paris Peace Treaties in 1919/20 by violating President Wilson's principle of self-determination, particularly in drawing new borders and creating new economic units, and the perpetuated ethnic-national conflicts between Czechs and Germans, Slovaks and Magyars, Slovenes and Germans, Croats and Serbs as well as Serbs and Germans in the successor states, deepening the differences between the nations of East-Central Europe. Although many kings, presidents, chancellors, ministers, governors, diplomats, business tycoons, generals, Nazi-Gauleiter, higher SS and police leaders, and Communist functionaries have appeared as historical actors in the 170 years of East-Central and Southeastern European history, Hitler, Beneš, and Tito remain especially present in historical memory at the beginning of the twenty-first century"--Publisher's description Cover PREFACE CONTENTS Section I 1. HITLER – BENEŠ – TITO 2. “CONFRONTATIONAL COMMUNITIES ”IN THE HABSBURG MONARCHY 3. IMPERIALIST AND NATIONALIST CONFLICTS IN WORLD WAR I 4. THE PARIS PEACE ORDER: SAINT-GERMAIN AND TRIANON 5. CZECHOSLOVAKIA AS A NATION-STATE BETWEEN THE WARS 6. THE SUDETEN AND CARPATHIAN GERMANS 7. YUGOSLAVIA AS A NATION- STATE BETWEEN THE WARS THE DANUBE SWABIANS AND THE GERMANS IN LOWER STYRIA AND CARNIOLA Section II 9. THE ANSCHLUSS OF AUSTRIA 10. HITLER’S OCCUPATION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA 11. HITLER’S OCCUPATION OF YUGOSLAVIA 12. NATIONAL SOCIALIST OCCUPATION POLICY, RESISTANCE, AND COLLABORATION IN THE “PROTECTORATE OF BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA” 13. THE TYRANNY OF REINHARD HEYDRICH AND HIS ASSASSINATION 14. THE DICTATORSHIP OF KARL HERMANN FRANK 15. THE REICHSGAU SUDETENLAND 16. THE GERMAN REICH, THE “SLOVAK STATE, ”AND THE NATIONAL UPRISING Section III 17. NATIONAL SOCIALIST OCCUPATION POLICY, RESISTANCE, AND COLLABORATION IN SERBIA 18. THE “SWABIANS” IN THE BANAT, BÁCSKA, SYRMIA, AND SLAVONIA UNDER GERMAN, HUNGARIAN, AND CROATIAN OCCUPATION 19. THE “INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA” BETWEEN THE GERMAN REICH AND ITALY 20. TOTAL WARFARE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 21. THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST AND FASCIST OCCUPATION POLICY IN SLOVENIA 22. THE HOLOCAUST/SHOAH IN BOHEMIA-MORAVIA, SLOVAKIA, HUNGARY, YUGOSLAVIA, SERBIA ... 23. REVENGE AND RETRIBUTION AGAINST GERMANS, MAGYARS, AND “COLLABORATORS ”IN THE VOJVODINA AND AROUND BELGRADE 24. REVENGE AND RETRIBUTION AGAINST GERMANS, ITALIANS, AND “COLLABORATORS” IN SLOVENIA AND CROATIA Section IV 25. REVENGE AND RETRIBUTION AGAINST GERMANS, MAGYARS, AND “COLLABORATORS” IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA 26. FROM THE “LAWLESS DISPLACEMENT” TO THE “ORDERLY AND HUMANE TRANSFER” 27. “AVNOJ RESOLUTIONS” AND “BENEŠ DECREES” 28. TRIALS AND SENTENCES IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND YUGOSLAVIA 29. THE DEATH TOLLS IN WORLD WAR II 30. RESPONSIBILITY AND GUILT 31. REMEMBRANCE, COMMEMORATION, HISTORIZATION, RESTITUTION 32. CONCLUSIONS ABBREVIATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS LIST OF MAPS Index ANNEX ILLUSTRATIONS "In the spring of 1945, Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, President Edvard Beneš, and Marshal Josip Broz Tito stood as examples of the complete rupture between the Germans and Austrians on the one hand, and the Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks on the other. The total break that occurred in World War II with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and even genocides (particularly against the Jews and "Gypsies") had a long pre-history, beginning with violent nationalist clashes in the Habsburg Monarchy during the revolutions of 1848/49. Therefore, this monograph - based on a broad range of international primary and secondary sources - explores the development of the political, legal, economic, social, and cultural 'communities of conflict' within Austria-Hungary, especially in the Bohemian and South Slavic countries, the making of the Paris Peace Treaties in 1919/20 by violating President Wilson's principle of self-determination, particularly in drawing new borders and creating new economic units, and the perpetuated ethnic-national conflicts between Czechs and Germans, Slovaks and Magyars, Slovenes and Germans, Croats and Serbs as well as Serbs and Germans in the successor states, deepening the differences between the nations of East-Central Europe. Although many kings, presidents, chancellors, ministers, governors, diplomats, business tycoons, generals, Nazi-Gauleiter, higher SS and police leaders, and Communist functionaries have appeared as historical actors in the 170 years of East-Central and Southeastern European history, Hitler, Beneš, and Tito remain especially present in historical memory at the beginning of the twenty-first century"--Publisher's description