History of the Peloponnesian War

The first unabridged translation into American English, and the first to take into account the wealth of Thucydidean scholarship of the last half of the twentieth century, Steven Lattimore's translation sets a new standard for accuracy and reliability. Notes provide information necessary for a fuller understanding of problematic passages, explore their implications as well as the problems they may pose, and shed light on Thucydides as a distinctive literary artist as well as a source for historians and political theorists. Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Introduction 14 BOOK ONE: Introduction 24 Book One 26 1-24: Introduction. Conditions in early Greece. The author's subject, methods, and aims 26 24-65: The immediate causes of the war; clashes between Athens and Corinth 38 65-88: Meeting of the Peloponnesian alliance at Sparta; general condemnation of Athenian aggression, sentiments in favor of war 54 89-117: The underlying causes of the war; growth of Athenian power after the defeat of the Persians 66 118-25: Second meeting of the Peloponnesians at Sparta; preparations for war 79 126-46: Exchange of complaints between Sparta and Athens; stories of Kylon, Pausanias, and Themistokles. Athenian rejection of Spartan ultimatum 83 BOOK TWO: Introduction 95 Book Two 97 1-9: Theban attack on Plataia and outbreak of war; sentiments of most Greeks por-Spartan 97 10-33: Peloponnesian invasion of Attica, large-scale Athenian counteroffensive elsewhere 102 34-46: Oration over Athenian war dead by Perickles 113 47-70: Beginning of the second year of the war. The plague in Athens. Thucydides' summing up of Perikles and his policies. End of the second year of the war 120 71-4: Plataia besieged by the Peloponnesians and Boiotians. Athenian naval victories in the Gulf of Corinth 133 95-102: Macedon invaded by a Thracian ally of Athens. End of the third year of the war 147 BOOK THREE: Introduction 153 Book Three 155 1-35: Lesbian revolt against Athens, led by Mytilene. Escape of many of the besieged Plataians. End of the fourth year of the war. Unsuccessful Peloponnesian attempts to help Mytilenians; surrender of Mytilene 155 36-50: Debate at Athens between Kleon and Diodotos over the punishment of the Mytilenians; Athenian decision to spare the lives of most of the population 168 51-68: Surrender of Plataia; trial and execution of the Plataians 177 69-90: Civil war on Corcyra; author's observations on the psychology of political revolution. Athenian actions in Sicily. End of the fifth year of the war 187 91-104: Demosthenes and the Athenian defeated in Aitolia. Athenian purification of Delos 197 105-16: Victories of Athenians under Demosthenes in Ambracia. End of the sixth year of the war 204 BOOK FOUR: Introduction 210 Book Four 212 1-51: Athenian victories at Pylos; Spartan offer of peace and alliance refused. Surrender of Spartan soldiers and their imprisonment at Athens. Massacre of oligarchic faction on Corcyra, ending the civil war. End of the seventh year of the war 212 52-74: Athenian successes against Sparta. General peace agreement among the Greeks of Sicily. Civil war at Megara, ending in Athenian failure, establishment of enduring oligarchy at Megara 236 53-116: Spartan expedition under Brasidas to Thrace; revolt of some Athenian allies there. Athenians defeated by Boiotians at Delion. Capture of Amphipolis by Brasidas. End of the eighth year of the war. 236 117-35: Armistice between the Athenians and the Spartans. Further revolts against Athens by the Greeks in Thrace. End of the ninth year of the war 264 BOOK FIVE: Introduction 275 Book Five 277 1-12: Unsuccessful Athenian attempt to recover Amphipolis; deaths in battle of Brasidas and Kleon 277 13-39: Peace and fifty-year alliance between Athens and Sparta. End of the tenth year of the war. Intrigues among disaffected Spartan allies. End of the eleventh year of the war 283 40-83: Allainace between Athenians and ARgives. End of twelfth year of the war. War between argos and Epidauros. End of the thirteenth year of the war. Athenians, Argives defeated by Spartans; peace and 50-year alliance. End of the fourteenth year of the war. Shift of Argos away from Sparat. End of the fifteenth year of the war 297 84-116: Athenian expedition against Melos, dialogue between Athenian and Melian representatives; Melian resistance. Surrender of Melos; execution or enslavement of population 317 BOOKS SIX and SEVEN: Introduction 325 Book Six 329 1-7: Athenian plans to invade Sicily. Account of the island's inhabitation. End of the sixteenth year of the war 329 8-32: Expedition to Sicily launched: Nikias and Alcibiades generals, despite Nikias' public misgivings against the expedition; accusations of sacrilege against Alcibiades 333 33-61: Debate at Syracuse over the likelihood of the reported Athenian expedition. Athenian arrival and efforst to gain local support and funding. Recall of Alcibiades; his escape and exile 346 62-88: Syracusans defeated by Athenians; reorganization of Syracusan defenses under Hermokrates. Debate at Kamarina between Hermokrates and Athenian envoy Euphemos, both seeking alliance; Kamarinaian choice of neutrality 360 89-105: Alcibiades' defection to Spartans; his role in persuading them to attack Athenianas in both Sicily and Attica. End of the seventeenth year of the war. Athenian victory over Syracuse and investment of the city. Arrival of Peloponnesian relief force under Spartan Cylippos 374 Book Seven 383 1-30: Revival of Syracusan war effort. Nikias' letter asking the Athenians to reinforce the expedition or else withdraw it; athenian dispatch of reinforcements in response. End of the eighteenth year of the war. Spartan invasion of Attica; establishment of fortified Spartan outpost. Destruction of Mykalessos by Thracian auxilaries of Athens. 383 31-49: Athenian navy defeated by Syracusans and their allies in harbor of Syracuse. Arrival of Athenian reinforcements under Demosthenses. Athenian attempt to capture Syracusan fortifications by night attacj; near success and catastrophic defeat. Departure for Athens urged by Demosthenes but delayed by Nikias 397 50-71: Desperate attempt of the Athenians to escape by sea, determination of the Syracusans to prevent them; decisive Syracusan naval victory 409 72-87: Athenian retreat by land under constant enemy attack. Surrender after great slaughter, Demosthenes and Nikias put to death; survivors imprisoned under terrible conditions 421 BOOK EIGHT: Introduction 431 Book Eight 434 1-6: Decision of Athenian people to fight on. Peloponnesian enthusiasm and confidence about quick and final victory; numerous prospects of revolt among Ionians, possibility of Persian subsidies for Peloponnesian forces. End of the nineteenth year of the war 434 7-18: Renewed fighting; Spartans discouraged by defeat at sea. Revolt of Chios, engineerd by Alcibiads, followed by that of Miletos and others. Treaty concluded between the Persian king and his governor Tissaphernes and the Spartan alliance 438 19-44: Constant, indecisive fighting, mainly in Ionia. Persian Subsidies begin, in return for concession of some territory formerly ruled by Persia; revisions of Spartan-Persian treaty 443 45-60: Rupture between Spartans and Alcibiades; his defection to Tissaphernes and his advice that the Persians play the Greeks off against one another. Oligarchic intruigues among Athenian armed forces in hopes of gaining Persian subsides through Alcibiades' offices; people of Athens reluctantly persuaded. End of the twentieth year of the war 455 61-88: Democracy at Athens replaced by narrow and violent oligarchy; strong opposition among Athenian armed forces, threat of civil war. Strained relations between Peloponnesians and Persians 464 89-109: Distinigration and overthrow of oligarchy at Athens. Peloponnesian victory at sea neutralized by Spartan lack of enterprise. Major Athenian naval victory at Kynossema 479 Abbreviations 492 Glossary 493 Works Cited 496 Index of Speeches 507 Index 515 Maps 532

"The greatest historian that ever lived." Such was Macaulay's assessment of Thucydides (c. 460-400 BC) and his history of the Peloponnesian War, the momentous struggle between Athens and Sparta that lasted for twenty-seven years from 431 to 404 BC, involved virtually the whole of the Greek world, and ended in the fall of Athens. A participant in the war himself, Thucydides brings to his history an awesome intellect, brilliant narrative, and penetrating analysis of the nature of power, as it affects both states and individuals. Of the prose writers of the ancient world, Thucydides has had more lasting influence on western thought than all but Plato and Aristotle. This new edition combines a masterly new translation by Martin Hammond with comprehensive supporting material, including summaries of individual Books; textual notes; a comprehensive analytical index; an appendix on weights, measures and distances, money, and calendars; ten maps; an up-to-date bibliography; and an illuminating introduction by P.J. Rhodes.

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Lucid line drawings and photos, 16 in fine color. Based on some 15 years of study and collection in both polar regions and most areas of the tropics and temperate zones. Detailed treatment is given on all known pelagic snails (aoubt 140 species) including: external anatomy, swimming and buoyancy mechanisms, escape and other behavioral responses, feeding and mating habits, reproduction and ontogeny, and evolutionary trends for each group. Reprint of the 1959 U. of Michigan edition of Thomas Hobbes' translation with David Grene's (committee of social thought, U. of Chicago) notes and new introduction. This transition has been considered the truest to the original Greek in capturing Thucydides' use of language in recreating the Athens-Sparta conflict. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)