History of Accounting, Management, Business and Economics, Volume I

This book brings together works written by academics from all over the world on all aspects of business history: accounting history, management history, economic history, audit history, tax history, financial history, and professional history. Writing, transferring and archiving historical knowledge allows future generations to take lessons from the past and make more informed decisions regardless of whether it is in politics, society, or business. "Historization" can also be seen as the first step of institutionalization for private and governmental companies, institutions, professionals, and states. Institutionally managed historical activities, decisions, and results are accepted as a very important reference about the company for decision-makers and stakeholders. Additionally, "historization" is used in the development and promotion of professions. Historization of professions such as certified public accountants, external auditors, internal auditors, economists, tax experts, certified fraud examiners, and managers nationally and internationally has the potential to educate and motivate new entrants to such roles. As such, this book is a valuable read for business historians, professionals in the field, academics, and students of business. Acknowledgements 6 Contents 11 Editor and Contributors 13 List of Figures 16 List of Tables 17 Part I Introduction 20 1 Introduction: In Memory of Prof. Dr. Oktay Guvemli 21 1.1 Brief Biography of Prof. Dr. Oktay Güvemli (Tax Sworn-In Accountant) 22 1.2 Establishment Purposes of the Oktay Güvemli Accounting and Finance History Foundation 24 1.3 Why Accounting History? 25 References 25 Part II History of Accounting 27 2 The Development of Agriculture Zakat Accounting 28 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Understanding Zakat 30 2.3 The Importance of Zakat Accounting 31 2.3.1 Traditional Zakat Accounting 33 2.3.2 The Need of Information for Accounting 33 2.3.3 Zakat on Agriculture 34 2.3.4 Zakat on Livestock 35 2.3.5 Zakat on Camels 37 2.3.6 Zakat on Cows 37 2.3.7 Zakat on Sheep 38 2.4 Issues Zakat Accounting on Agriculture and Livestock 40 2.4.1 Criteria for Livestock 40 2.4.2 Deduction of Costs 41 2.4.3 Valuation and Conversion to Cash Equivalent 41 2.5 Way Forward 42 2.5.1 Asset or Business Purpose 42 2.5.2 Regulatory 42 2.5.3 How to Capture the Quality of Agricultural Produce and Livestock 42 2.6 Conclusion 43 References 43 3 Perspectives on the Preparation and Presentation of a Statement of Cash Flows under IAS 7: An Historical Approach 46 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Literature Review on IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows 50 3.3 Analysis of the Proposed Changes on the Statement of Cash Flows 51 3.3.1 DP (2008): Preliminary Views on Financial Statement Presentation 51 3.3.2 ED (2010): Staff Draft on Financial Statement Presentation 58 3.3.3 ED (2012): Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010–2012 Cycle 65 3.3.4 DP (2016): Staff Discussion Paper of the UK’s Financial Reporting Council 65 3.3.5 ED (2019): General Presentation and Disclosure 72 3.4 Conclusion 74 References 75 4 The Evolution of Institutional Environments in the Development of Accounting Regulations and Practices in Malaysia 78 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 An Overview of the Accounting Regulations of Malaysia 79 4.3 Challenges in the Accounting Regulations of Malaysia 83 4.4 An Overview of the Accounting Practices and Financial Reporting in Malaysia 85 4.5 Institutional Factors Influencing the Development of Accounting Regulations and Practices 92 4.6 Conclusion 94 References 95 5 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Importance for Banking: Examples from Turkish Banks During the Years 99 5.1 Introduction 100 5.2 Relationship Marketing 101 5.3 CRM as a New Management Strategy 103 5.3.1 CRM in Banking Sector 106 5.3.2 Current Situation and CRM Implementations in the Turkish Banking Sector 109 5.4 Conclusion and Discussion 112 References 113 Part III History of Management and Business 117 6 Banking in Türkiye: History, Evaluation, and Role in the Financial System 118 6.1 Introduction 119 6.2 Concept and Description of Banking Bankacılık Kavramı ve Tanımı 120 6.3 General Overview of the Turkish Banking Sector 122 6.4 Historical Development of Banking in the World 124 6.5 Historical Development of Turkish Banking System 131 6.5.1 Turkish Banking System During Ottoman Empire Period (Pre-republican Period) (1839–1922) 131 6.5.2 Turkish Banking System in Republican Era (1923–Onwards) 135 6.6 Conclusion 155 References 156 7 Finance School Graduates’ Work Values in Their Working Lives: Empirical Research in Terms of Demographic Differences 160 7.1 Introduction 161 7.2 Literature 161 7.3 Research 163 7.3.1 Research Purpose and Importance 163 7.3.2 Research Methodology 163 7.3.3 Analysis of Data 164 7.4 Findings 167 7.4.1 Research Question One 167 7.4.2 Research Question Two 170 7.4.3 Research Question Three 171 7.4.4 Research Question Four 172 7.4.5 Research Question Five 174 7.5 Conclusion and Recommendations 177 References 179 8 What is Priority for Organization: Environmental, Social and Governance or Sustainable Corporate Governance: Literature Review 182 8.1 Introduction 183 8.2 Literature Review 186 8.2.1 Historical Background of Sustainable Corporate Governance and ESG 186 8.2.2 Corporate Governance 188 8.2.3 Sustainable Corporate Governance 188 8.2.4 Environmental, Social and Governance 195 8.3 Difference Between Sustainable Corporate Governance and Environmental, Social and Governance 198 8.4 Associated Theory 199 8.5 Conclusion 200 References 201 Part IV History of Economics 207 9 Entrepreneurship Models and Partnership Structures in the Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire 208 9.1 Introduction 208 9.2 Entrepreneurship in the Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire 209 9.2.1 Definition of Entrepreneurship in the Classical Age 210 9.2.2 Entrepreneurship in Anatolia Before the Classical Age 210 9.2.3 Entrepreneurship in Anatolia in the Classical Age 211 9.2.4 International Trade Conducted by Muslim Turks in the Classical Age 211 9.2.5 Entrepreneurship in Public Officials and Soldiers in the Ottoman Empire 212 9.3 Entrepreneurship Modeling and Business Partnerships in the Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire 213 9.3.1 An Overview of the Types of Companies and Companies in Islamic Law 214 9.3.2 Preferred Partnership Structures in Entrepreneurship in the Ottoman Empire 215 9.4 Discussion and Conclusion 216 References 217 10 Historical Development of Business Economics: Bulgarian Case 219 10.1 Introduction 220 10.2 Establishment of Contemporary Business Economic 221 10.3 Lifecycle of Bulgarian Enterprises/Companies/ 224 10.4 Contemporary Business Economics and Its Future 232 10.5 Conclusions 239 References 239 11 The Foundation Process of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye 244 11.1 Introduction 245 11.2 Monetary Policy from the Nineteenth Century to the First Years of the Republic 247 11.2.1 Ottoman Period Financing Tools 247 11.2.2 The Search for a State Bank and the Establishment of the Ottoman Bank 249 11.2.3 The Need for the Central Bank in the War of Independence 251 11.2.4 The First Years of the Republic, İzmir Economy Congress 252 11.3 Establishment of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye 253 11.3.1 The Need for a Central Bank 253 11.3.2 Establishment Law of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkiye 254 11.3.3 Evaluation of the Central Bank's First Five-Year Activity Reports, Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Accounts 256 11.3.4 Turkish Economy, Statist Economic Policies, and CBRT 264 11.4 Conclusion 266 References 267 12 An Overview of the Turkish Tax Framework and the Relationship with Tax Regulations and Accounting in Historical Perspective 270 12.1 Introduction 271 12.2 General Information About Taxes 271 12.3 Historical Background 272 12.3.1 Late Ottoman Period 272 12.3.2 Tax System Structure in Early Stages of Turkish Republic 273 12.3.3 Reform in Turkish Tax System 275 12.4 Current Structure of Taxation System 277 12.5 Two Fundamental Issues for the Taxation System 279 12.6 The Relationship Between Tax and Accounting Regulations in Turkey 283 12.7 Conclusion 284 References 285 13 Overview of Turkey’s Tourism History 288 13.1 Introduction 288 13.2 Development Periods of the Tourism Sector in Türkiye 289 13.2.1 Pre-Planned Period 289 13.2.2 Planned Period 290 13.3 Development of Turkish Accommodation Management 292 13.4 Development of Food and Beverage Services in Türkiye 292 13.5 Historical Development of Transportation in Terms of Tourism 293 13.6 Conclusion 294 References 294 Index 296