Historical Dictionary of Iran (Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East)

Iran Is A Country With A Deep And Complex History. This Second Edition Of Historical Dictionary Of Iran Gives Readers An Overview Of Specific Events, Movements, People, Political And Social Groups, Places, And Trends. The Modern Period In Particular - 1800 To Present - Is Covered Extensively. Through Its Chronology, Introduction, Bibliography, Appendixes, And More Than Twice As Many Cross-referenced Dictionary Entries As In The First Volume, This Revised And Updated Edition Allows For Considerable Exploration Of A Number Of Historical And Contemporary Topics And Issues.--jacket. Contents -- List Of Figures And Tables -- Editor's Foreword / Jon Woronoff -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- User Notes -- Acronyms -- Chronology -- Introduction -- The Dictionary -- Bibliography -- Appendices -- Index -- About The Author. John H. Lorentz. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 387-472) And Index. COVER PAGE......Page 1 Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East......Page 3 TITLE PAGE......Page 6 ISBN 0810853302......Page 7 CONTENTS......Page 8 FIGURES AND TABLES......Page 10 EDITOR'S FOREWORD......Page 12 PREFACE......Page 14 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 18 GENERAL......Page 20 TRANSLITERATION......Page 21 DATES......Page 22 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS......Page 24 CHRONOLOGY......Page 26 INTRODUCTION......Page 60 LAND AND PEOPLE......Page 61 CULTURE......Page 62 HISTORICAL PERIODS......Page 64 ECONOMY......Page 69 CURRENT AFFAIRS......Page 70 MAP - Provinces and Provincial Capitals......Page 73 ABADAN.......Page 74 ABBAS MIRZA......Page 75 ABDI, ABBAS (1956-......Page 76 ACHAEMENID DYNASTY.......Page 77 AFKHAMI, MAHNAZ (1941).......Page 79 AFSHAR.......Page 80 AGRICULTURE.......Page 81 AHMADINEJAD, MAHMUD (1956-......Page 82 AHVAZ.......Page 86 AIRBUS INCIDENT.......Page 87 AL-AFGHANI, JAMAL AL-DIN (1839-1897).......Page 88 AL-E AHMAD, JALAL (1923-1969).......Page 90 ALAM, ASADOLLAH (1911-1978).......Page 91 ALAVI FOUNDATION.......Page 92 ALBORZ COLLEGE.......Page 94 ALGERIAN ACCORDS.......Page 95 AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS (ABCFM).......Page 97 AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN.......Page 98 AMINI, ALI (1904-1992).......Page 99 AMUZEGAR, JAMSHID (1923-......Page 100 ANGLO-IRANIAN OIL COMPANY (AIOC).......Page 101 ANGLO-RUSSIAN CONVENTION OF 1907.......Page 102 ARMENIANS IN IRAN.......Page 105 ARYAN.......Page 107 ASSEMBLY OF EXPERTS.......Page 109 ATTAR, FARID AL-DIN (1142-1221).......Page 111 AZERBAIJAN.......Page 113 AZERBAIJAN CRISIS.......Page 114 BABI MOVEMENT.......Page 115 BAHAISM.......Page 116 BAKHTARAN.......Page 117 BAKHTIARI.......Page 118 BALUCHI.......Page 119 BALUCHISTAN.......Page 120 BANI-ETEMAD, RAKHSHAN......Page 121 BANI-SADR, ABOL HASAN......Page 122 BARZANI, MULLA......Page 124 BASIJ.......Page 125 BASKERVILLE, HOWARD......Page 127 BAZAAR.......Page 128 BAZARGAN, MEHDI (1907-1995).......Page 129 BEHBAHANI, SIMIN (1927-......Page 130 BEHESHTI, AYATOLLAH MUHAMMAD HUSSEIN (1928-1981)......Page 132 BEIZA'I, BAHRAM......Page 133 BERLIN CONFERENCE.......Page 134 BLACK FRIDAY.......Page 135 BROWNE, EDWARD GRANVILLE (1862-1925).......Page 136 CALENDARS.......Page 137 CARTER DOCTRINE.......Page 139 CASPIAN......Page 140 CHAMRAN, MUSTAFA......Page 141 CHRISTIANS IN IRAN.......Page 142 CHUBAQ, SADEK (1916-1998).......Page 143 CONSTITUTIONAL......Page 148 CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION OF 1906.......Page 149 COUNCIL OF GUARDIANS.......Page 150 CYRUS THE GREAT......Page 151 DANESHVAR, SIMIN (1921-......Page 152 DAR AL-FONUN.......Page 154 DEFINITIVE TREATY OF 1812.......Page 155 DEKHODA, ALI AKBAR......Page 156 DOWLATABADI, MAHMUD......Page 158 EBADI, SHIRIN (1947-......Page 159 EBTEKAR, MASSOUMEH (MARY) (1960).......Page 160 ECONOMY.......Page 161 EDUCATION.......Page 163 ENTEZAM, ABBAS AMIR (1933-).......Page 165 EQBAL, MANUCHEHR......Page 166 E'TESAMI, PARVIN (1907-1941).......Page 167 EXPEDIENCY COUNCIL.......Page 168 FARDUST, HUSSEIN (1919-1988).......Page 170 FARROKHZAD, FORUGH (1935-1967).......Page 172 FARSI.......Page 173 FEDA'IYAN-I ISLAM.......Page 175 FEIZIYEH SEMINARY.......Page 177 FERDOWSI, ABOL QASEM (d. 1025).......Page 178 FRYE, RICHARD NELSON (1920).......Page 179 GANJI, AKBAR (1959).......Page 180 GHARBZADEGI (WESTRUCKNESS).......Page 182 GOLSHIRI, HUSHANG (1937-2000).......Page 183 GOOGOOSH (1950).......Page 184 GROSECLOSE, ELGIN EARL......Page 186 HAFEZ (1320-1391).......Page 187 HAJJERIAN, SA'ID.......Page 188 HAMADAN.......Page 189 HAQQANI SCHOOL.......Page 191 HASHEMI-RAFSANJANI, ALI AKBAR......Page 192 HEDAYAT, SADEQ (1903-1951).......Page 194 HENDERSON, LOY WESLEY (1892-1986).......Page 195 HIDDEN IMAM.......Page 196 HOJJATIYEH SOCIETY.......Page 198 HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION.......Page 199 HUSSEINIYEH-I ERSHAD.......Page 200 IMAM ALL......Page 202 IMAM HUSSEIN.......Page 203 INDUSTRY.......Page 204 IRAN-CONTRA ARMS AFFAIR.......Page 205 IRAN PARTY).......Page 208 IRANIAN PLATEAU.......Page 209 ISFAHAN.......Page 211 ISLAM.......Page 213 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN.......Page 215 ISLAMIC REPUBLICAN PARTY (IRP).......Page 216 ISLAMIC REVOLUTION.......Page 217 JAMALZADEH, MUHAMMAD ALI......Page 219 JAMI (1414-1492).......Page 220 JEWS IN IRAN.......Page 221 KADIVAR, MOHSEN (1959).......Page 223 KAR, MEHRANGIZ (1944-......Page 225 KARBASCHI, GHOLAM HUSSEIN (1954).......Page 226 KARGOZARAN-I SAZANDEGI.......Page 227 KARROUBI, MEHDI......Page 230 KASHAN.......Page 231 KASHANI, AYATOLLAH ABOL QASEM MOSTAFAVI (1885-......Page 232 KASRAVI, AHMAD (1890-1946).......Page 233 KERBALA.......Page 234 KERMAN.......Page 236 KERMANI, MIRZA AGHA KHAN (1853-1896).......Page 237 KHAMENE'I, AYATOLLAH ALI (1939-......Page 238 KHARG ISLAND.......Page 240 KHATAMI, MUHAMMAD (1943-......Page 241 KHOINIHA, MUHAMMAD MUSAVI (1938).......Page 243 KHOMEINI, AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH (1902-1989).......Page 246 KHORASAN.......Page 248 KHORRAMSHAHR.......Page 249 KIAROSTAMI, ABBAS......Page 251 KURDISH DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN.......Page 254 KURDS.......Page 255 LIBERATION MOVEMENT OF IRAN (LMI).......Page 256 LITERACY CORPS.......Page 258 LITERATURE.......Page 259 LURS.......Page 263 MAHDAVI-KANI, AYATOLLAH MUHAMMAD REZA (1931).......Page 264 MAJIDI, MAJID (1952-......Page 266 MAJLIS.......Page 267 MAJLISI, MUHAMMAD BAQIR......Page 268 MAKHMALBAF, MOHSEN (1951-......Page 270 MAKHMALBAF, SAMIRA (1980-......Page 271 MANSUR, HASAN ALI......Page 273 MASHHAD.......Page 275 MEHRJUI, DARYUSH (1939-......Page 276 MELLI UNIVERSITY.......Page 277 MINORSKY, VLADIMIR......Page 278 MIRZA MALKOM KHAN (1833-1908).......Page 279 MIRZA SALEH SHIRAZI.......Page 280 MIRZA TAQI KHAN AMIR KABIR (1806-1852).......Page 281 MOHAJERANI, ATA'OLLAH......Page 282 MOJAHEDIN-I KHALQ-I IRAN (IRANIAN PEOPLES' FREEDOM FIGHTERS).......Page 283 MOSSADEQ, MUHAMMAD (1882-1967).......Page 285 MOTTAHARI, AYATOLLAH MORTEZA (1919-1979).......Page 286 MULLA SADRA (1571-1640).......Page 291 NNADER SHAH......Page 292 NADERPOUR, NADER......Page 293 NATIONAL FRONT.......Page 297 NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL COMPANY (NIOC).......Page 298 NATIONAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENT (NRM).......Page 299 NEAR EAST RELIEF.......Page 301 NEZAM AL-MOLK (1020-1092).......Page 302 NOURI, ABDOLLAH (1948-......Page 305 NOW RUZ.......Page 307 OIL.......Page 308 PAHLAVI DYNASTY.......Page 309 PAHLAVI UNIVERSITY.......Page 310 PANAHI, JA'FAR (1960-......Page 311 PARTY OF THE IRANIAN NATION (PIN).......Page 313 PARTY OF THE IRANIAN PEOPLE (PIP).......Page 315 PERSEPOLIS.......Page 316 PERSIAN GULF COMMAND.......Page 317 PERSIAN LANGUAGE.......Page 318 PLATEAU.......Page 320 PRELIMINARY TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP AND ALLIANCE......Page 322 PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.......Page 323 QABUS......Page 326 QAJAR DYNASTY.......Page 327 QANATS.......Page 329 QASHQAI.......Page 331 QESHM.......Page 332 QOTBZADEH, SADEQ (1936-1982).......Page 333 QUM.......Page 334 RAILROADS.......Page 335 RASHT.......Page 338 RAYY.......Page 341 REFORMIST PRESS—SALAAM and SOBH-I EMRUZ.......Page 342 REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL.......Page 344 REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS.......Page 346 ROOSEVELT, KERMIT (1916-2000).......Page 348 RUDAKI (858-941).......Page 349 RUMI......Page 350 SA'DI (1184-1292).......Page 351 SA'EDI, GHOLAM HUSSEIN (1935-1985).......Page 352 SAFAVID DYNASTY (1501-1736).......Page 353 SAHABI, EZZATOLLAH (1930-......Page 357 SAHABI, YADOLLAH......Page 359 SALES, MEHDI AKHAVAN......Page 360 SANJABI, KARIM (1904-1995).......Page 362 SASSANIAN DYNASTY.......Page 363 SAVAK (SAZMAN-I AMNIYYAT VA ETTELE'AT-I KESHVAR)......Page 364 SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT (1571-1629).......Page 366 SHAHSEVAN.......Page 372 SHAMLU, AHMAD......Page 373 SHARI'ATI, ALI (1933-1977).......Page 376 SHARPAT-MADARI, AYATOLLAH MUHAMMAD KAZEM (1899-1986).......Page 377 SHARIF-EMAMI, JA'FAR (1909-1998).......Page 379 SHATT AL-ARAB.......Page 380 SHIAH.......Page 383 SHIRAZ.......Page 384 SOROUSH, ABDOL KARIM (1945-......Page 386 STUDENT DORMITORY ATTACKS.......Page 388 STUDENTS FOLLOWING THE IMAM'S LINE......Page 390 SUFISM.......Page 392 SULLIVAN, WILLIAM H. (1922-......Page 393 TABRIZ.......Page 395 TAHEREH QURRAT AL-AYN......Page 396 TALEQANI, AYATOLLAH MAHMUD (1911-1979).......Page 398 TAZIYEH.......Page 399 TEHRAN.......Page 400 TEHRAN CONFERENCE.......Page 402 TOBACCO REVOLT.......Page 405 TRADE.......Page 406 TRANS-IRANIAN RAILWAY.......Page 407 TRANSPORTATION.......Page 408 TREATY OF FINKENSTEIN......Page 409 TREATY OF TURKMANCHAI......Page 410 TRIBES.......Page 412 MAJOR TRIBAL GROUPS OF IRAN......Page 413 TURKOMAN.......Page 416 URMIEH.......Page 418 U.S.-IRANIAN RELATIONS AFTER THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION......Page 419 WHITE REVOLUTION.......Page 422 WILBER, DONALD......Page 424 WOMEN.......Page 425 WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION OF IRAN (WOI)......Page 431 YARSHATER, EHSAN (1920).......Page 432 YAZDI, IBRAHIM (1931-......Page 433 YUSHIJ, NIMA (1896-1960).......Page 434 ZAGROS MOUNTAINS.......Page 435 ZAHEDAN.......Page 436 ZAN NEWSPAPER.......Page 437 ZAND DYNASTY.......Page 438 ZOROASTRIANISM.......Page 439 ZURKHANEH.......Page 440 BASIC FACTS......Page 442 PROVINCES: AREA AND POPULATIONS......Page 444 PRINCIPAL TOWNS AND POPULATIONS......Page 446 TEXT OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 598......Page 448 POST-CONSTITUTIONAL PRIME MINISTERS......Page 452 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC: HEADS OF STATE......Page 454 IRANIAN GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE......Page 456 INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF GOVERNMENT......Page 458 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 460 BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTENTS......Page 462 I. GENERAL......Page 464 II. HISTORY......Page 467 III. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT......Page 483 IV. RELIGION, THEOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY......Page 495 V. PERSO-ISLAMIC POLITICAL AND SOCIAL THOUGHT......Page 505 VI. SOCIETY AND CULTURE......Page 507 VII. LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE......Page 514 VIII. ECONOMICS......Page 528 IX. THE ARTS......Page 532 X. SCIENTIFIC AND LEGAL......Page 540 XI. IRANIAN IMMIGRANTS AND......Page 542 XII. POPULAR PUBLICATIONS......Page 544 INDEX......Page 546 ABOUT THE AUTHOR......Page 552 Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, Iran has been exerting a dynamic and violent influence throughout the vital Middle East. In order to understand this new regime better, the entries in this dictionary place the greatest emphasis on modern Iranian political history and focus on political and cultural figures. In addition, significant attention is paid to American involvement in Iran. An excellent starting point for understanding modern Iran, the Historical Dictionary of Iran offers a lengthy chronology and a large bibliography that experts and interested readers can use to better comprehend the complexities of a culture that has endured a parade of foreign influences and invasions. Provides an overview of specific events, movements, people, political and social groups, places, trends, and chronology. Allows for considerable exploration of a number of historical and contemporary topics and issues. The modern period, defined as 1800-present, is covered extensively