Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1 : Energy Applications

An essential companion for catalysis researchers and professionals studying economically viable and eco-friendly catalytic strategies for energy conversion In the two-volume Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability , a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive discussion of fundamental concepts in, and practical applications of, heterogeneous nanocatalysis for alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H 2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO 2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. The volumes cover the design and catalytic performance of various nanocatalysts, including nanosized metals and metal oxides, supported metal nanoparticles, inverse oxide-metal nanocatalysts, core-shell nanocatalysts, nanoporous zeolites, nanocarbon composites, and metal oxides in confined spaces. Each chapter contains a critical discussion of the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of nanosized catalysts for practical applications. Volume 1 – Energy Applications focuses on the conversion of renewable energy (biomass/solar) into green fuels and chemicals, ammonia synthesis, clean hydrogen production, and electrochemical energy conversion processes using a variety of nanosized catalysts. It also offers: A thorough introduction to heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, as well as a discussion of catalytic active sites at nano-scale range Comprehensive explorations of the methods for control and activation of nanosized catalysts Practical discussions of C 3 N 4 -based nanohybrid catalysts for solar hydrogen production via water splitting Nanosized catalysts in visible light photocatalysis for sustainable organic synthesis Applications of MXenes in electrocatalysis Perfect for researchers, postgraduate students, chemists, and engineers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H 2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO 2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface List of Contributors Chapter 1 Factors Intervening in Oxide and Oxide-Composite Supports on Nanocatalysts in the Energy Conversion Acronyms 1.1 Overview in Materials Used as Supports in Electrocatalysis 1.2 Chemical Synthesis of Materials 1.2.1 Routes of Synthesis 1.2.2 Physical–chemical characterization of supports 1.2.3 Effect of supports on catalytic centers 1.2.4 Theoretical Approach 1.3 Surface Electrochemistry 1.4 Oxide and Oxide-Carbon PhotoElectrochemistry 1.5 Case Studies 1.6 Conclusion References Chapter 2 Nanocatalysis for Renewable Aromatics 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Aromatics from Petroleum 2.1.2 Aromatics from Biomass 2.1.3 Nanocatalysis 2.2 Selective Preparation of Furfurals from Carbohydrates 2.2.1 Synthesis of Furfurals 2.2.2 Transforming Sugars into Furanics 2.2.3 Biomass to Aromatics by Catalytic Pyrolysis 2.2.4 Aromatics from Biomass Gasification 2.2.5 Phenolics from Lignin 2.2.6 Aromatics from Biomethanol 2.3 Conclusion and Future Prospects References Chapter 3 Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Solid-Based Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Zeolites-Based Nanoparticles 3.3 Nanosized Metal Oxide-Based Catalysts 3.4 Nano-Hydrotalcites 3.5 Magnetic Nanoparticles-Based Catalysts 3.6 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 3.7 Enzymes-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production 3.8 Characterization and Recovery of Nanocatalysts 3.9 Conclusion References Chapter 4 Hybrid Electrocatalysts with Oxide/Oxide and Oxide/Hydroxide Interfaces for Oxygen Electrode Reactions 4.1 General Introduction 4.1.1 A Brief Overview of Hydrogen Cars, Fuel Cells, and Oxygen Electrochemistry 4.1.2 Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism of ORR and OER 4.1.3 Benchmark Catalysts and their Evolution Over Time 4.2 Role of Interfaces in Nano-Electrocatalysis 4.2.1 Oxide/Oxide Interfaces 4.2.2 Oxide/Hydroxide Interfaces 4.3 Future Aspects and Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References Chapter 5 Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures and Their Application in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Graphitic Carbon Nitrides 5.3 Various Nanostructures of g-C3N4 5.3.1 Bulk g-C3N4 5.3.2 Nanowires 5.3.3 Nanotubes 5.3.4 Quantum Dots 5.3.5 3D g-C3N4 5.3.6 g-C3N4 Nanosheets 5.4 Physical, Chemical, Optical, and Electronic Properties 5.5 Limitations in the Structure and the Photocatalytic Activity 5.6 Modifications in the Nanostructure Design 5.7 Synthetic Strategies 5.7.1 Bottom-Up Approach: Templating Method 5.7.2 Top-Down Approach: Exfoliation Methods 5.8 Applications 5.8.1 Photocatalytic Water Splitting 5.9 Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 6 2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) for Applications in Electrocatalysis 6.1 Introduction on MXene 6.2 Synthetic Strategies 6.2.1 MAX Phase Synthesis 6.2.2 Methodologies for Thin-film Synthesis 6.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 6.2.4 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) 6.2.5 Cathodic Arc Deposition 6.2.6 Solid-State Reaction Synthesis 6.2.7 Bulk Synthesis 6.2.8 MAX to MXenes Synthesis 6.3 MXene Modifications to Enhance the Electrocatalyst Performance 6.3.1 Nanostructuring 6.3.2 Hybridization 6.3.3 Termination Modification 6.3.4 Heteroatom Doping 6.3.5 Metal-atom Doping 6.3.6 Non-metal-atom doping 6.3.7 MXene as Electrocatalyst 6.3.8 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) 6.4 Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) 6.5 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) 6.6 Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) 6.7 CO2 Reduction Reaction (CRR) 6.8 Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR) 6.9 Conclusion References Chapter 7 Advances and Challenges in Pt-free Pd-based Catalysts for Oxygen Electro-Reduction in Alkaline Media 7.1 Introduction 7.2 ORR Mechanism in Alkaline Medium 7.3 Recently Developed Pd-Based Catalysts for ORR in Alkaline Media 7.3.1 Shape-Controlled Pure Pd Catalysts 7.3.2 Pd-Based Alloys 7.3.3 Core-Shell Pd Nanostructures 7.3.4 Support-Modified Pd Nanostructures 7.4 Conclusions and Perspective References Chapter 8 Morphology- and Size-Selective Pd-Based Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cell Reactions 8.1 General Introduction 8.1.1 Brief Overview of Various Fuel Cells and Associated Reactions 8.1.2 Current Development in Shape- and Size-Dependent Pd Electrocatalysts 8.2 Oxygen Reduction Reaction 8.3 Oxygen Evolution Reaction 8.4 Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction 8.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives Acknowledgments References Chapter 9 Nanocatalysis of Prussian Blue Analogues Related to H2O2 Production and Utilization 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Atomic and Nanoarchitecture Control of PBAs 9.3 Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by PBAs 9.4 Photocatalytic H2O2 Production 9.5 Electroreduction of H2O2 for Electrical Power Generation Summary References Chapter 10 Nanostructured Graphene Oxide-Based Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Synthesis Methods of Various Graphene-Based Materials 10.3 Activity of Mono- and Bimetallic Catalysts Dispersed on GO and rGO Supports 10.4 Research Gaps and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 11 Catalytic Oxidative Cracking for Light Olefin Production 11.1 Light Olefins 11.2 Feedstocks for the Production of Light Olefins 11.3 Reaction Mechanisms for Olefin Formation 11.4 Different Light Olefins 11.4.1 Ethene (C2H4) 11.4.2 Propene (C3H6) 11.4.3 Butene (C4H8) 11.5 Processes for Producing Light Olefins 11.5.1 Thermal Cracking Methods 11.5.2 Oxidative Methods 11.6 Mechanism for the Catalytic Oxidative Cracking (COC) of Alkanes 11.7 Types of Oxidative Cracking of Alkanes 11.7.1 Gas-Phase Oxidative Cracking (GOC) 11.7.2 Catalytic Oxidative Cracking (COC) 11.8 Different Catalytic Systems for the Catalytic Oxidative Cracking (COC) of n-Alkanes 11.8.1 n-Hexane to Light Olefins 11.8.2 n-Butane to Light Olefins 11.8.3 n-Propane to Light Olefins 11.9 Redox Oxidative Cracking (ROC) Catalyst via Chemical Looping 11.10 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 12 The Magic of Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis in VLPC for Sustainable Organic Synthesis 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Theory, Mechanism, and Reactions 12.2.1 Oxidations 12.2.2 Reductions 12.2.3 Photocatalytic CC Bond Formation 12.2.4 Visible Light CH Activation 12.2.5 Dye-Sensitized SET 12.2.6 Photo Annulations 12.2.7 McMillan Chiral Catalysis Using Enamines 12.2.8 The Photo Mannich Reactions 12.2.9 Activation of Ethers via Photocatalysis 12.2.10 Visible Light-Mediated Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes 12.2.11 Photo CH Functionalization – Weinreb Olefination 12.2.12 Quantum Dot (QD) – Photocatalysis 12.2.13 Visible Light-Mediated C-Heteroatom Bond Formation 12.2.14 Photocyclization Reaction 12.2.15 Photocycloaddition Reaction 12.3 Conclusion References Chapter 13 Metal Nanoparticles-Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of AB 13.2.1 Monometallic Catalysts 13.2.2 Heterometallic Catalysts 13.3 Methanolytic Dehydrogenation of AB 13.3.1 Monometallic Catalysts 13.3.2 Heterometallic Catalysts 13.4 The Dehydrogenation Mechanism and Regeneration of AB 13.4.1 The Dehydrogenation Mechanism of AB 13.4.2 Regeneration of AB 13.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives Acknowledgement References Author Index Subject Index EULA