Heritage Speakers of Spanish and Study Abroad (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)

__Heritage Speakers of Spanish and Study Abroad__ is an edited volume that provides emerging research on heritage speakers of Spanish in immersion contexts in theoretical, empirical, and programmatic terms. This edited collection seeks to expand our understanding of heritage speakers of Spanish by incorporating research on their linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic development during and after a sojourn abroad, by discussing the complexities of their identity formation and negotiation during immersive stays, and by highlighting programmatic innovations that could be leveraged to better serve diverse learners in study abroad contexts. This volume advances the fields of both heritage language education and research on immersion study in a variety of ways, and will be of interest to scholars of applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, second language acquisition, and educational linguistics, especially those interested in study abroad programming and Spanish for heritage speakers. Heritage Speakers of Spanish and Study Abroad Cover -1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 Introduction 10 Terminology 12 Overview of the volume 13 Section I: Sociolinguistic acquisition 14 Section II: Pragmatics 15 Section III: Identity 15 Section IV: Linguistic development 15 Section V: Program design 16 Afterword 17 Conclusion 17 References 17 Section I: Sociolinguistics 20 1. Sociolinguistic competence among heritage speakers of Spanish abroad: Key findings, critical gaps, and contributions to variationist theory 22 Introduction 22 Sociolinguistic competence 23 Sociolinguistic competence in the SA context 24 HSs, language competence, and the SA context 26 Moving forward: why study HLs abroad? 30 A model study 31 Additional considerations 32 Implications of research on HLs abroad 34 Conclusion 35 Note 36 References 36 2. The long-term impact of a sojourn abroad on heritage language learners of Spanish: The case of vosotros versus ustedes 42 Introduction 42 Background 43 Developing regional features abroad 43 Long-term linguistic gains from study abroad 45 Service learning for HLLs 46 Feature under study 47 Research questions 48 Methods 48 Analysis 50 Results 51 Discussion 53 Conclusions 54 Notes 55 References 55 3. "Aquí el español es muy diferente": Mexican Americans' linguistic accommodation in social interactions with Spanish peers 60 Introduction 60 Background 60 Language, accommodation, and identity 60 Study abroad in Spain 61 Heritage speakers in study abroad 62 Methodology 64 Participants 64 Data collection 66 Results 67 Claudia 68 Dani 69 Denisse 72 Julia 74 Nancy 75 Discussion 77 Accommodation to Peninsular Spanish 77 Language and identity 78 Limitations 81 Conclusions 82 Notes 82 Acknowledgment 83 References 83 4. Individual differences in dialectal accommodation: Case studies of heritage speakers volunteering in coastal Ecuador 86 Introduction 86 Background 87 HSs in immersion contexts 87 Syllable-final /s/-weakening 88 Theoretical frameworks 89 Methods 90 Context of immersion 90 Quantitative methods 91 Qualitative methods 91 Results and analysis 93 Quantitative results of /s/-weakening 93 Case studies 94 Summary 101 Conclusions 101 Notes 102 Acknowledgment 102 References 102 Section II: Pragmatics 108 5. Researching Spanish heritage language pragmatics in study abroad 110 Introduction 110 Learning pragmatics in SA 111 SHSs in SA 112 SHS pragmatics 113 Researching SHS pragmatics in SA 116 Research strand 1: uninstructed pragmatic development in SA 116 Research strand 2: instructed pragmatics in SA 118 Research strand 3: IC and pragmatic development 119 Research strand 4: long-term impact of SA 120 Conclusions 121 Notes 122 References 122 6. The pragmatic development of heritage speakers of Spanish studying abroad in Argentina 126 Introduction 126 Previous research 127 Sociolinguistic and ideological concerns in heritage language pragmatics 127 The pragmatic systems of Spanish HSs 128 Methodology 130 Context and participants 130 Explicit pragmatics instruction 131 Instruments 132 Analysis 133 Case studies 134 Leticia 134 DCT analysis 135 Cristina 137 DCT analysis 138 Discussion 140 Conclusion 141 Notes 142 References 142 Appendix 146 Section III: Identity 148 7. Heritage speakers of Spanish and study abroad: Shifting identities in new contexts 150 Introduction 150 Sociocultural perspectives on language and identity 151 Identity, Spanish HLLs, and Spanish language education 153 Spanish HLLs and study abroad 155 Implications and future directions 161 References 163 8. The diverse experiences of heritage speakers at a Guatemalan language school: Linguistic agency in the contact zone 169 Introduction 169 Review of the literature 170 Agency and language learning 170 Learning Spanish as a heritage language 170 Methodology 171 Three focal students 173 Findings 174 Delia in the Kaqchikel class 174 Nicole in the advanced Spanish class 177 Wendy in the intermediate Spanish class 179 Discussion 182 Notes 185 References 185 Section IV: Linguistic development 188 9. Linguistic development of Spanish heritage learners in study abroad: Considerations, implications, and future directions 190 Introduction 190 Main research approaches for oral and written language development 191 Second language linguistic development in study abroad contexts 193 The linguistic development of SHLLs in at-home contexts 194 Orality 194 The writing skills of HLLs 195 Future research: agenda for studying the linguistic development of SHLLs in SA 197 Corpus research 197 Global proficiency assessment for HLLs in SA 197 Methodologies for studying linguistic development among HLLs in SA 199 The role of peer-to-peer interventions 201 Conclusions 201 Notes 202 References 202 10. The impact of study abroad on Spanish heritage learners' writing development 208 Introduction 208 Previous studies on heritage learners' writing 208 Research on writing and lexical development in study abroad contexts 210 The present study 211 Methodology 212 Participants and setting 212 Instruments and data collection 213 Measures and data analysis 214 Results 216 Discussion 217 Conclusion 220 Notes 221 References 221 Appendix A 224 Appendix B 225 Data-coding sample 225 Section V: Program design 226 11. Spanish heritage language learners abroad: Inclusive pedagogies for critical sociocultural linguistic literacy 228 Introduction 228 Heritage language-centered learning objectives in SA program design 230 Language ideologies and heritage language learning objectives at home and abroad 231 Examining sociolinguistic agency and identity formation through CSLL 232 Stylistic practices and agency among Spanish heritage language students 235 Transforming SA opportunities through CSLL and community-based programs 237 Conclusion: decolonizing study abroad 240 Note 241 References 241 12. Enhancing readiness for the immersive experience: Spanish heritage language learners as conversation partners in predeparture sessions 245 Introduction 245 Study abroad as a multiphase learning experience 248 Spanish heritage language learners as a valuable resource for the predeparture phase 252 Guidelines for designing an SA model that strengthens predeparture interventions 254 Step 1: selecting SHLLs who will work as conversation partners in the predeparture sessions 255 Step 2: informing participants about the SA program format and exploring learner concerns 255 Step 3: developing hands-on activities for the predeparture sessions and training SHL conversation partners 256 Step 4: organizing predeparture sessions and overseeing the conversation exchanges 256 Step 5: reflections of L2Ls and SHLLs on the predeparture sessions 258 Conclusion 258 Notes 259 References 259 13. An international service-learning experience for Spanish heritage speakers: The nursing home 263 Introduction 263 Literature review 264 Heritage speakers studying abroad 264 Service learning 264 Service learning in language programs 265 Service learning for heritage speakers of Spanish 265 International service learning 266 Purpose of the study 266 Methodology 267 Participants 267 The study abroad program 268 The international service-learning experience 268 Instrumentation and data collection 269 Results 271 Linguistic awareness 271 Cultural understanding 273 Personal growth 277 Benefits for residents 278 Conclusions 279 Limitations and future research 280 References 281 Afterword: Charting a path forward for Spanish heritage speakers in study abroad 285 References 292 List of contributors 294 Index 301 Introduction / Rebecca Pozzi, Tracy Quan, Chelsea Escalante -- Sociolinguistic competence among heritage speakers of Spanish abroad : key findings, critical gaps, and contributions to variation theory / Kimberly Geeslin, Aarnes Gudmestad, Maria Hasler Barker, Matthew Kanwit, Avizia Y. Long, Megan Solon -- The long-term impact of a sojourn abroad on heritage language learners of Spanish : the case of vosotros vs. ustedes / Angela George, Francisco Salgado-Robles -- "Aquí el español es muy diferente" : Mexican Americans' linguistic accommodation in social interactions with Spanish peers / Meghann Peace -- Individual differences in dialectal accommodation : case studies of heritage speakers volunteering in coastal Ecuador / Chelsea Escalante -- Researching Spanish heritage language pragmatics in study abroad / Rachel L. Shively -- The pragmatic development of heritage speakers of Spanish studying abroad in Argentina / Rebecca Pozzi, Chelsea Escalante, Tracy Quan -- Heritage speakers of Spanish and study abroad : shifting identities in new contexts / Jennifer Leeman, Meagan Driver -- The diverse experiences of heritage speakers at a Guatemalan language school : linguistic agency in the contact zone / Julia Menard-Warwick, Shannon Kehoe, Deborah Palmer -- Linguistic development of Spanish heritage learners in study abroad : considerations, implications, and future directions / Chelsea Escalante, Carolina Viera, Melissa Patiño-Vega -- The impact of study abroad on Spanish heritage learners' writing development / Laura Marqués-Pascual -- Spanish heritage language learners abroad : inclusive pedagogies for critical sociocultural-linguistic literacy / Claudia Holguín Mendoza, Analisa Taylor -- Enhancing readiness for the immersive experience : Spanish heritage language learners as conversation partners in pre-departure sessions / Silvia Marijuan -- An international service learning experience for Spanish heritage speakers : the nursing home / Antonio F. Jiménez Jiménez -- Afterword: Charting a path forward for study abroad and Spanish as a heritage language / Cristina Sanz