Henry IV of France and the Politics of Religion 1572 - 1596, Volume 1 & 2

Henry IV's conversion to catholicism in 1593 and Papal absolution in 1595 were traversed by multiple problems and difficulties. These religious events were inseparable from concurrent political, diplomatic and military issues. The subject is therefore examined both within its civil war background and the wider, European context. This treatment is original, not least in its comprehensive coverage of the Papal dimension. Until now, the role of the Papacy has been consistently misinterpreted, while the manner in which the absolution was ultimately achieved has been known only through sketchy and misleading summaries. Volume I covers the period 1572-1589, ending with the murder of Henry III. This act of regicide precipitated the accession of Henry IV during a period of civil war. Volume II covers the remaining years 1589-1596, from Henry's accession to his abjuration and coronation, the end of the war with the Catholic League, the declaration of war with Spain in 1595 and, finally, the negotiation in Rome of his absolution. This fresh account of certain aspects of the life and career of Henry of Navarre makes a substantial contribution to the knowledge and understanding of the history of western Europe in the later sixteenth century, and of France in particular. It will be useful to scholars, research students and teachers, and may also be enjoyed by informed general readers. PRELIMINARIES (VOLUME II)......Page 282 PRELIMINARIES (VOLUME I)......Page 2 CONTENTS......Page 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 12 PREFACE......Page 14 INTRODUCTION......Page 16 I: Navarre’s First Abjuration, September 1572......Page 28 II: Alençon and Navarre Escape from Court......Page 29 III: The Peace of Monsieur, May 1576......Page 31 IV: The Ambitions of the Guises......Page 32 V: The Influence of Philippe Duplessis-Mornay......Page 36 VI: The Search for Religious Peace......Page 38 VII: The Estates-General......Page 44 VIII: The Netherlands Entanglement......Page 46 IX: Navarre, Spain and the Papacy......Page 51 I: Philip II Tempts Navarre......Page 60 II: Duplessis-Mornay Seeks a Protestant Coalition......Page 63 III: The Huguenots Seek Royal Support......Page 68 IV: Spain and the Catholic League......Page 69 V: Navarre’s Proposed Solution, March 1584......Page 76 VI: Épernon’s Mission to Navarre, 1584......Page 79 VII: The Problems of the Netherlands......Page 85 VIII: The Netherlands and the Catholic League......Page 91 IX: The Treaty of Joinville, 31 December 1584......Page 93 X: The Bungled Rebellion......Page 95 XI: The ‘Declaration of Péronne’, 31 March 1585......Page 99 I: The King’s Hesitation......Page 104 II: Navarre’s Attempt to Save the Kingdom......Page 109 III: The Hostile Peace of Nemours, 7 July 1585......Page 111 IV: The King Relies on Navarre’s Conversion......Page 114 V: The Papacy and the Catholic League......Page 118 VI: The Advent of Sixtus V......Page 121 VII: The Changed Situation in Rome......Page 128 VIII: The Excommunication of Navarre, September 1585......Page 130 IX: Explanations and Effects......Page 133 X: The Reaction of Navarre......Page 136 I: Navarre Prepares for Action......Page 140 II: The Desire for Peace......Page 144 III: The Pressure to Convert......Page 148 IV: The Conference of Saint-Brice, 1586-7......Page 150 V: The Parallel Conflict in Rome......Page 155 VI: Spain Seeks the Renewal of Civil War......Page 157 VII: The Fear of Navarre’s Foreign Army......Page 161 VIII: Coutras and the Aftermath......Page 164 IX: The Tripartite Campaign, 1587......Page 171 I: The Politics of Navarre’s Religion......Page 176 II: The Requirements of Spain......Page 181 III: Conspiracy in Paris......Page 186 IV: The Barricades, 12-13 May 1588......Page 194 V: The Fugitive King......Page 203 I: After the Barricades......Page 208 II: The Demands of the duc de Guise......Page 214 III: The Edict of Union, 15 July 1588.......Page 219 IV: Guise Returns to Court......Page 222 V: The Affiliations of the Nobles......Page 226 VI: The Papal Legate......Page 228 VII: Expectations and Preparations......Page 230 VIII: The Estates-General, 1588-9......Page 235 IX: Gallican Liberties and the Quarrel with Rome......Page 238 X: The Limit of Endurance......Page 240 I: Revolution in Paris......Page 246 II: The Emergence of Mayenne......Page 248 III: The Spanish Reaction......Page 251 IV: Mayenne Assumes the Leadership......Page 253 V: The Question of the Cardinals......Page 254 VI: Henry III and Navarre......Page 261 VII: The ‘Traité de la Trève’, April 1589......Page 266 VIII: The Monitorium......Page 271 IX: The Involvement of Italy......Page 276 X: Regicide......Page 277 TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 287 I: First Steps......Page 291 II: The Protestant King......Page 294 III: The Need to Prevail......Page 297 IV: The Plight of Mayenne......Page 302 V: Reluctant Allies......Page 304 VI: The Disputed Succession......Page 310 I: The Disposition of Sixtus V......Page 313 II: The Legate’s Instructions......Page 316 III: Caetani’s Legation in France......Page 321 IV: The Pope’s Dilemma......Page 330 V: The Mission of Luxembourg to Rome......Page 334 VI: Olivares’ Protestation......Page 339 VII: After the Battle of Ivry......Page 346 VIII: The Death of ‘Charles X’......Page 353 IX: Sixtus V, Evasive to the End......Page 357 I: Caetani and the Royalists......Page 363 II: The Peacemakers......Page 367 III: Parma and Mayenne......Page 369 IV: The Siege of Paris......Page 370 V: The Failure of the Siege......Page 379 VI: Stalemate After the Siege......Page 383 VII: Parma’s Task......Page 385 VIII: Proposals for Peace......Page 387 IX: The King’s Isolation......Page 390 I: The Spanish Prevail in Rome......Page 395 II: The Plight of the Royalists......Page 402 III: The Spiritual Censures......Page 404 IV: The Gallican Reaction......Page 406 V: The Prelates and the ‘Parlement’......Page 409 VI: Mayenne under Threat......Page 411 I: The Normandy Agreement, July 1591......Page 419 II: The Arrival of Essex, August 1591......Page 427 III: The Queen’s Misapprehension......Page 431 IV: The King’s Distress......Page 436 V: Parma’s Negotiation......Page 439 VI: The Relief of Rouen......Page 443 VII: The Mission of Sir Thomas Wilkes......Page 445 VIII: The End of the Rouen Campaign......Page 449 IX: The King’s ‘Misserable Estate’......Page 451 X: Villeroy’s ‘Expedient’......Page 454 XI: Complex Negotiations......Page 460 I: The King’s Dilemma......Page 465 II: Pope Clement VIII......Page 467 III: The ‘Voyages de Rome’......Page 469 IV: Conflict in Rome and the Concerns of Italy......Page 472 V: Prelude to the Estates-General......Page 476 VI: Mayenne and Feria......Page 481 VII: The King’s Perilous Position......Page 484 IX: The Intervention of the Grand Duke of Tuscany......Page 486 X: Stages of Commitment......Page 490 XI: The Dual Problem of Religion......Page 493 XII: The King’s Proposal for Peace......Page 498 XIII: The Final Quest for a ‘Firm Foundation’......Page 502 XIV: The Intervention of the ‘Parlement’......Page 504 XV: The Election is Abandoned......Page 506 I: The Ceremony at Saint-Denis......Page 511 II: After the Abjuration......Page 518 III: The Instructions for the King’s Envoys......Page 521 IV: Nevers and the Reaction in Rome......Page 524 V: The Embassy of Nevers......Page 533 VI: Spain, Mayenne and the Peace Negotiations......Page 538 VII: Relations with England......Page 543 VIII: Trouble with the Huguenots......Page 546 I: The Coronation......Page 551 II: The Recovery of Paris......Page 553 III: The Return to War......Page 556 IV: The Pope’s Anxiety......Page 557 V: Gondi Restores Communication......Page 563 VI: The Intrigues of Mayenne......Page 567 VII: The Declaration of War, January 1595......Page 570 VIII: D’Ossat’s Negotiation in Rome......Page 576 IX: The Spanish War......Page 584 X: The Submission of Mayenne......Page 587 I: Du Perron’s Instructions......Page 593 II: The Negotiation in Rome......Page 595 III: The Bull of Absolution......Page 605 IV: Coda......Page 610 Appendix II The Parisian League or Seize......Page 615 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 621 INDEX......Page 631 BACK COVER......Page 651

Artistic, intellectual and appreciably avant-garde, the French film industry has, perhaps more than any other national cinema, been perennially at the centre of international filmmaking. With its vigorous business and wide-ranging film culture, France has also been home historically to some of the most influential filmmakers and movements – and, indeed, the very first motion picture was screened in Paris in 1895.

This volume addresses the great directors and key artistic movements, but also ventures beyond these well-established films and figures, broadening the canon through an examination of many neglected but intriguing French films. Framing essays explore the salient stylistic elements, cultural contexts and the various conceptions of cinema in France, from avant-gardes to filmmaking by women, from documentary and realism to the Tradition of Quality, as well as genres like comedy, crime and horror. Illustrated by screen shots, film reviews by leading international experts offer original approaches to both overlooked titles and acknowledged classics. Readers wishing to explore particular topics in greater depth will be grateful for the book’s reading recommendations and comprehensive filmography.

A visually engaging journey through one of the most dynamic, variegated, and idiosyncratic film industries, Directory of World Cinema: France will be a must-have for Francophiles and cinema savants.

Artistic, intellectual and appreciably avant-garde, the French film industry has, perhaps more than any other national cinema, been perennially at the centre of international filmmaking. With its vigorous business and wide-ranging film culture, France has also been home historically to some of the most influential filmmakers and movements – and, indeed, the very first motion picture was screened in Paris in 1895. This volume addresses the great directors and key artistic movements, but also ventures beyond these well-established films and figures, broadening the canon through an examination of many neglected but intriguing French films. Framing essays explore the salient stylistic elements, cultural contexts and the various conceptions of cinema in France, from avant-gardes to filmmaking by women, from documentary and realism to the Tradition of Quality, as well as genres like comedy, crime and horror. Illustrated by screen shots, film reviews by leading international experts offer original approaches to both overlooked titles and acknowledged classics. Readers wishing to explore particular topics in greater depth will be grateful for the book's reading recommendations and comprehensive filmography. A visually engaging journey through one of the most dynamic, variegated, and idiosyncratic film industries, Directory of World Cinema: France will be a must-have for Francophiles and cinema savants. Sutherland (retired, history, U. of London, Royal Holloway, UK) has written an impressively complete account of the complex history of religious issues during the reign of Henry IV of France. The chapters, which are organized around political events and issues, detail the intrigue and conflict between Catholic and Protestant in France before and after Henry is made king. In painstaking detail, the volumes discuss the Huguenots, the Catholic League, the role of the popes, the Civil War, Henry's conversion and the problems that resulted, and his rule of absolutism. The ceremony of Henry's conversion and Henry's relationship with Rome receive special attention. Distributed in the US by ISBS. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) This work provides an introduction for architects, designers and software developers to the emerging field of Computer Supported Collaborative Design (CSCD), which is becoming the most effective way to develop new building projects.