Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations : An Atlas of Diagnosis and Treatment

This book will be a practical approach to the world of vascular tumors. The complexity of this world is related to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, necessitating multi-disciplinary competences in order to achieve a correct diagnosis and treatment. The complexity of the clinical manifestations is approached by introducing a clear classification of hemangiomas and vascular malformations. For both issues, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic procedures are presented. Laser, interventional radiological and surgical techniques are explained according to the type of vascular tumor and its localization. The book is addressed to all professionals who meet vascular tumors in their daily clinical practice and need up-to-date references for these pathologies. Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: An Atlas of Diagnosis and Treatment......Page 1 Front-matter......Page 2 Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 4 Dedication Page......Page 5 Foreword......Page 6 Preface......Page 7 Table of Contents......Page 8 Contributors......Page 12 Part I Introduction......Page 14 Introduction......Page 15 The Angiogenic Process......Page 16 References......Page 19 2 Historical Background......Page 21 References......Page 23 Part II Hemangiomas......Page 26 Concepts......Page 27 References......Page 30 Clinical Symptoms......Page 32 Clinical Symptoms......Page 34 Differential Diagnosis......Page 35 Congenital Hemangioendothelioma (HE)......Page 36 The Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioendothelioma (RICH)......Page 37 The Kaposi-like Congenital Hemangioendothelioma (KHE)......Page 38 Number......Page 39 Growth Pattern......Page 41 Complications......Page 42 References......Page 43 Diagnosis of Hemangiomas is Based First on the Patient’s Medical History......Page 44 Imaging......Page 45 References......Page 46 Brain......Page 47 Parotid......Page 48 Heart......Page 49 Liver......Page 50 Treatment......Page 52 Testicle......Page 53 Conclusion......Page 54 References......Page 55 Introduction......Page 56 Induction of Regression......Page 57 Scarification Techniques......Page 58 Laser Therapy......Page 59 Ligation......Page 60 Antiangiogenesis......Page 61 Residuals......Page 62 References......Page 63 Corticosteroids......Page 64 Interferon......Page 67 Cyclophosphamide......Page 68 References......Page 69 Superselective Laser Systems......Page 71 Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser......Page 72 Continuous Wave (cw-Nd:YAG) Lasers......Page 74 Transcutaneous Application with Fluid Cooling Cuvette......Page 75 Transcutaneous Application with Continuous Ice Cube Cooling......Page 76 Impression Technique......Page 79 Interstitial Puncture Technique......Page 80 Endoscopy......Page 82 References......Page 83 Indications and Timing for Surgical Treatment......Page 84 Techniques......Page 85 Conclusion......Page 87 References......Page 88 Diagnosis......Page 89 Treatment......Page 90 Nasal Tip......Page 91 Segmental Forms and PHACES......Page 92 Psycho-Social Impact......Page 93 References......Page 94 Diagnosis......Page 96 Prevention and Therapy......Page 97 References......Page 99 Part III Vascular Malformations......Page 100 Introduction......Page 101 Capillary Malformation (CM)......Page 102 Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM)......Page 103 Cutaneomucosal Venous Malformation (VMCM)......Page 104 Glomuvenous Malformation (GVM)......Page 105 Lymphedema......Page 106 PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS)......Page 107 References......Page 108 14 Epidemiology of Vascular Malformations......Page 111 Introduction......Page 113 References......Page 116 Morphofunctional Tests......Page 117 Imaging......Page 119 References......Page 122 Whole Body Blood Pool Scintigraphy (WBBPS)......Page 123 Lymphoscintigraphy......Page 127 Transarterial Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy (TLPS) (or “Microspheres” Study)......Page 131 References......Page 134 Morphologic and Functional Aspects......Page 136 Lymphography......Page 142 References......Page 144 Truncular CVM......Page 145 Extratrucular CVM......Page 146 References......Page 151 Embolizing Materials......Page 152 Catheter Devices......Page 153 Special Interventional Techniques......Page 155 Combined Therapy......Page 159 References......Page 160 Introduction......Page 162 Concepts in Patient Management......Page 163 Arteriovenous Malformations......Page 164 Venous Malformations......Page 165 Lymphatic Malformations......Page 166 References......Page 167 Indications......Page 169 Technique of Classic Sclerotherapy......Page 170 Technique of Treatment with Microfoam in Vascular Malformations......Page 171 References......Page 177 Introduction......Page 178 Port-Wine Stains (PWS)......Page 179 Hyperkeratotic Capillary Malformation......Page 180 Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita (Van Lohuizen Syndrome)......Page 181 Rendu-Osler-Weber Syndrome (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)......Page 182 Lymphatic Malformations......Page 183 Intraluminal (Intracystic) Technique......Page 184 Endoscopic Coagulation......Page 185 Soft Tissue Phlebectasias......Page 186 Cutaneous/Subcutaneous Malformation......Page 187 Truncular Arterio-Venous Fistula......Page 188 Combined Truncular/Extratruncular Arterio-Venous Malformation......Page 189 References......Page 190 Non-Surgical Methods of Treatment......Page 191 Preoperative Embolization......Page 192 Postoperative Embolization......Page 194 References......Page 200 Muscle......Page 201 Skin......Page 202 Head and Neck......Page 203 Suggested Readings......Page 204 Aneurysms......Page 205 Stenosis, Hypoplasia and Aplasia......Page 206 Arterial Course Anomalies......Page 207 References......Page 208 Type of AVM......Page 210 Symptoms......Page 213 Conclusion......Page 215 References......Page 216 Classic Sclerosis......Page 217 Absolute Alcohol Sclerosis......Page 218 Endovascular Catheter Embolization......Page 219 Truncular Forms......Page 220 Extratruncular Forms......Page 222 References......Page 223 General Principles and Guidelines......Page 225 OK-432 Sclerotherapy......Page 234 Post Sclerotherapy Care of the Lesion/Patient......Page 236 Surgical/Excisional Therapy......Page 237 Management of LM Belonging to HLM......Page 239 Conclusion......Page 242 References......Page 243 Introduction......Page 245 Techniques......Page 246 Techniques......Page 247 Indication for Therapy......Page 248 Aplasia or Obstruction, Dilatation of Deep Veins......Page 249 Treatment of Discrepancy in the Length of Lower Limbs......Page 250 Elongation of Limbs with the Ilizarov Technique......Page 251 Techniques......Page 252 Techniques......Page 253 Techniques......Page 255 Techniques......Page 256 Chylous Ascites......Page 257 Congenital Chylothorax......Page 258 Techniques......Page 259 Techniques......Page 262 Techniques......Page 263 Techniques......Page 265 References......Page 266 Part IV Treatment Problems According to Specific Localizations......Page 267 31 Introductory Remarks......Page 268 What is a Vascular Malformation?......Page 269 Considerations in Head and Neck Vascular Malformation Treatment......Page 270 Lymphatic Malformations......Page 272 Arteriovenous Malformations......Page 274 Capillary Malformations......Page 275 References......Page 276 Skin Incisions......Page 278 Use of a Tourniquet......Page 279 Nerves......Page 280 Conclusion......Page 282 References......Page 283 Venous Malformations......Page 284 Lymphatic Malformations......Page 285 Arteriovenous Malformations......Page 286 References......Page 287 Introduction......Page 289 Destructive Angiodysplastic Arthritis – Stage 3......Page 290 Conclusion......Page 291 References......Page 293 Arteries......Page 294 Veins......Page 296 Compartments of the Foot......Page 298 Observations......Page 300 References......Page 306 Etiology......Page 307 High-Flow Lesions of Bone......Page 308 Venous Malformations of Bone......Page 309 References......Page 311 Capillary Malformations......Page 313 References......Page 314 Conclusions......Page 316 Subject Index......Page 317 R. Mattassi The field of congenital vascular malformations and the unfortunate patients that s- fer from them will welcome this truly multidisciplinary international contribution to the study and treatment of a group of diseases that is gradually becoming better known, but not better liked, by the majority of our colleagues. Without question, the power of the internet with its access to world-wide medical literature, and the publication of c- plete issues of medical journals devoted to the subject of vascular malformations, have contributed to expanding knowledge and eliciting curiosity amongst physicians who some decades ago would not have wanted to deal with unusual, poorly understood and challenging diseases. A group of authors from ten different countries, experts in their respective medical and surgical specialties, who have felt the pain of the many patients afflicted with v- cular malformations, have made a combined effort to increase and update the gr- ing knowledge of these diseases. The tremendous technological advances in non - vasive as well as invasive diagnostic techniques, imaging, genetics, and therapeutic surgical and endovascular procedures, have given us new weapons with which to treat and improve the lives of many desperate patients afflicted by diseases that some years ago produced only sorrow, compassion and despair in their families and in the rare physicians who dared to tackle their problems. Vascular tumors are complex pathologies - clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, and multidisciplinary competences are needed to reach a correct diagnosis and plan optimal treatment. It is therefore essential to introduce a clear classification of hemangiomas and vascular malformations and this is admirably presented in this book. The authors go on to describe diagnostic imaging and therapeutic procedures for both types of disorder. Laser, interventional radiological and surgical techniques are further explained according to the type of vascular tumor and its localization. This well-crafted volume is addressed to all professionals who deal with vascular tumors in their daily clinical practice and need up-to-date references for these pathologies Taking a practical approach to the world of vascular tumors, this book acknowledges that their complexity is related to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, and necessitates multi-disciplinary competences to achieve a correct diagnosis and treatment. R. Mattassi, D.a. Loose, M. Vaghi, (eds.) ; Foreword By J. Leonel Villavicencio. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Translated From The Italian.