Hell's Kitchen and the Battle for Urban Space : Class Struggle and Progressive Reform in New York City, 1894-1914

Hell's Kitchen is among Manhattan's most storied and studied neighborhoods. A working-class district situated next to the West Side's middle- and upper-class residential districts, it has long attracted the focus of artists and urban planners, writers and reformers. Now, Joseph Varga takes us on a tour of Hell's Kitchen with an eye toward what we usually take for granted: space, and, particularly, how urban spaces are produced, controlled, and contested by different class and political forces. Varga examines events and locations in a crucial period in the formation of the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood, the Progressive Era, and describes how reformers sought to shape the behavior and experiences of its inhabitants by manipulating the built environment. But those inhabitants had plans of their own, and thus ensued a struggle over the very spaces--public and private, commercial and personal--in which they lived. Varga insightfully considers the interactions between human actors, the built environment, and the natural landscape, and suggests how the production of and struggle over space influence what we think and how we live. In the process, he raises incisive questions about the meaning of community, citizenship, and democracy itself. Joseph Varga is Assistant Professor of Labor Studies at Indiana University. Before receiving his doctorate from the New School for Social Research, Varga was a truck driver, forklift operator, and service worker, among other things. He is a long-time labor activist and former Teamster shop steward, and has worked for the IBEW and New York State Working Families Party. Chapter 1 Space As History 19 -- Hell's Kitchen 19 -- Uneven Geographic Development 27 -- The Production Of Space 31 -- Implications 37 -- Chapter 2 Restructuring Progressives 45 -- Progressive Vision And Visibility 49 -- Visibility And Occlusion 61 -- Representational Space And Performance 74 -- Chapter 3 When Hell Froze Over 87 -- Policing The Boundaries 103 -- Chapter 4 Housing And Visible Spaces 121 -- Imagined Spatial Communities 127 -- Kitchen Space 139 -- Chapter 5 Spatial Economies 165 -- Working In The City 169 -- The Laboring Body 180 -- Chapter 6 Hell, Death, And Urban Politics 203 -- The Restructured Spatial Container 207 -- Self-perception And Citizenship 216 -- Conclusion: The Spatial Production Of Desire 231 -- The Future Of Cities 235. Joseph J. Varga. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 239-246) And Index.