Hedging and Discourse: Approaches to the Analysis of a Pragmatic Phenomenon in Academic Texts (Research in Text Theory, 24)

This volume reviews the present state of researchin heding and contains studies of heding strategies in English, German, Finnish and Russin, using various academic text-types as exemplars. The papers deal with aspects of 'hedging' from the perspective of intercultural contact, particularly in foreign language learning, writing in the foreign language, and translation. concept of breakthrough. Preface I. Introduction Hedging: A Challenge for Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis II. Hedging Strategies in Academic Discourse Hedging Strategies in Written Academic Discourse: Strengthening the Argument by Weakening the Claim How to Tell the Truth in The British Medical Journal: Patterns of Judgement in the 19th and 20th Centuries Hedging in Russian Academic Writing in Sociological Texts III. Interactive Aspects of Hedging Hedges and Readers: Effects on Attitudes and Learning Hedging in Language Revisers’ Hands Hedging in Expert-Language Reviews IV. Cross-cultural Aspects of Hedging On the Writing of Science and the Science of Writing: Hedging in Science Text and Elsewhere Impersonalization as a Form of Hedging Interlanguage View on Hedging Some Observations on Hedging Phenomena and Modifying Devices as Regional Markers in the Speech of Young East Germans V. Hedging: The Concept, its Origins and a Bibliographical Guide The Concept of Hedging: Origins, Approaches and Definitions Hedging Research in Pragmatics: A Bibliographical Research Guide to Hedging Name Index Subject Index

In this work aggression and conflict in man and other primates are interpreted in the light of evolutionary biology and game theory models. Unitl now interdisciplinary collaboration between the humanities and the natural sciences has been rare and hampered by different methodologies and terminology. Nevertheless, such cooperation is essential for elucidating the causes and consequences of aggression in humans and in explaining what shape aggression takes in particular situations. The aim of this volume is to present empirical and theoretical studies from biologists and social scientists to create an interdisciplinary framework for understanding aggression.

This volume reviews the present state of research in the area of hedging and contains studies of hedging strategies in English, German, Finnish and Russian, using academic text-types as exemplar. Edited By Raija Markkanen And Hartmut Schröder. Collection Of Articles Originally Published 1991-1993. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. "If you hedge against something unpleasant or unwanted that might affect you, you do something which will protect you from it.