انتقال حرارت و کنترل حرارتی فضاپیما: مقالات فنی انتخاب شده از هشتمین همایش علوم هوافضا AIAA (نیویورک)، ژانویه ۱۹۷۰ و پنجمین کنفرانس ترموفیزیک AIAA (لس آنجلس - کالیفرنیا)، ژوئن-ژوئیه ۱۹۷۰

## Preface solid/vacuum interfaces. The first subsection of Chapter II contains papers on the fundamental aspects of surface radiation. The first two papers, by Kroes, Kulshreshtha, Wegner, Mookherji, and Hayes and by Morrison and Sancier, discuss changes in radiative properties in terms of solid-state parameters. The paper by Gilligan and Brzuskiewicz includes the application of the scanning electron microscope, and Grimm brings up the interesting question of the validity of Kirchoff's law. The second subsection of Chapter II deals with the application of radiation heat transfer analysis to surface radiation properties. The paper by Look and Love discusses the effects of surface roughness while that of Edwards and Bertak suggests a quick method of measuring the degree of diffuseness or, conversely, specularity of a surface. The third subsection of Chapter II is on the engineering measurement of surface radiation properties. Sherrell and Shahroki's paper presents an indirect method for measuring hemispherical thermal emittance. Reid and Coon deal with measurements of the emittance of copper while the paper by Bartsch, Hudgins, and Geyer covers coated refractory metals. Loehrlein, Winter, and Viskanta present a photographic method for measuring bi-directional reflectance. The paper by Smith, Muller, Frost, and Hsia describes measurements of super-and subspecular maxima of reflected polarized radiation. Chapter III covers thermal conductance across joints. Fletcherand Gyorog describe dimensionless parameters which correlate experimental data on conductance between similar metals while McKinzie takes up cyclic behavior. The paper by Gyorog reports on measurements of the effect of interstitial materials. Yovanovich applies thermal conductance concepts to ball bearings. Chapter IV is on heat transfer analysis. The paper by Pfahl discusses heat transfer solely by the radiant transfer mode. Ishimoto and Pan add conduction while the paper by Novotny and Olsofka also adds an intervening gas. Finally, Larkin combines external convection with conduction in sandwich panels. Chapter V deals with the rapidly developing area of multilayer or "super" insulation. Chau and Moy present the relative magnitudes of radiation, gas conduction, and joint conduction heat transfer in the perpendicular direction in multilayer insulation. The first paper by Pogson and MacGregor is on heat transfer in the parallel direction, while their second relates heat transfer in the parallel and perpendicular directions and suggests a means for decreasing the perpendicular heat flow. MacGregor, Pogson, and Russell discuss the numerical prediction of heat transfer through multilayer insulation, while the paper by Richardson, Ruccia, and French is on the application of multilayer insulation to space suits. Chapter VI is on thermal control devices. The paper by Grodzka discusses the fundamental behavior of a number of phase-change materials. El-Saden deals with combined thermal-galvano-magnetic effects. The paper by Doughty and Jones presents experimental data on a solar shield for cryogenic propellant tanks. Cockfield and Killen discuss a radiator for rejecting heat at high temperatures, while Hulett and Zierman describe a staged radiator design for providing low temperatures for infrared detector systems. The concluding paper by Wilbers, Schelden, and Conti is on insulation materials for a Mars lander. A number of individuals played key roles in the preparation of this book. Vernon Klockzien was responsible for the thermophysics sessions attheAIAA 8th Aerospace Sciences Meeting in New York. Richard Bobco, Technical Program Chairman of the AIAA 5th Thermophysics Conference, was of great assistance to me, as General Chairman, in organizing the technical portion of the Conference. The Session Chairmen, in turn, selected the papers for their sessions and later prepared a review of each paper in their respective sessions. Members of the 1970 Thermophysics Committee, with the assistance of several of their colleagues, prepared additional reviews of the papers. Dr. Martin Summerfield, Editor in Chief, and Miss Ruth Bryans, Director, Scientific Publications, provided guidance and assistance throughout the entire preparation and editing of this volume. My gratitude is also due Miss Bonnie Blair, especially for maintaining accurate files and correspondence on the continuous status of all papers.