Healthy Minds in the Twentieth Century: In and Beyond the Asylum (Mental Health in Historical Perspective)

This open access edited collection contributes a new dimension to the study of mental health and psychiatry in the twentieth century. It takes the present literature beyond the ‘asylum and after’ paradigm to explore the multitude of spaces that have been permeated by concerns about mental well-being and illness. The chapters in this volume consciously attempt to break down institutional walls and consider mental health through the lenses of institutions, policy, nomenclature, art, lived experience, and popular culture. The book adopts an international scope covering the historical experiences of Britain, Ireland, and North America. In accordance with this broad approach, contributions to the volume span academic fields such as history, arts, literary studies, sociology, and psychology, mirroring the diversity of the subject matter. This book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com Contents 6 Notes on Contributors 8 List of Figures 12 List of Tables 13 Chapter 1 Introduction to Healthy Minds: Mental Health Practice and Perception in the Twentieth Century 14 Introduction 14 Places of Care for the ‘Unhealthy’ Mind 17 Mental Health in the Twentieth Century: Policy and Practice 19 Keeping Minds Healthy: About the Chapters 21 Conclusions 24 Chapter 2 ‘The Holy War Against Alcohol’: Alcoholism, Medicine and Psychiatry in Ireland, c. 1890–1921 30 Introduction 30 Medical Discourses 32 Alcoholism and Asylums 38 Diagnosing Alcoholism 43 Treating Alcoholism 48 Conclusions 54 Chapter 3 Social Stigma, Stress and Enforced Transition in Specialist Epilepsy Services 1905–1965 66 Introduction 66 Social Stigma and Stress in the Colonies 68 Epilepsy and the Family Home 72 Colonies and After-Care 75 Conclusions 80 Chapter 4 Planning for the Future: Special Education and the Creation of ‘Healthy Minds’ 86 Introduction 86 Legislating for Healthy Minds 88 Sandwell Hall School 94 Conclusions 102 Chapter 5 Healthy Minds and Intellectual Disability 107 Introduction 107 Labels—Language and Its Significance 108 The Eugenic Influence and Legacy 109 Sterilisation and Contraception 111 Normalisation and Social Role Valorisation 114 Eradication 115 Conclusions 118 Chapter 6 Sheltered Employment and Mental Health in Britain: Remploy c.1945–1981 124 Introduction 124 The Impact of the 1959 Mental Health Act—A Turning Point? 128 Mental Disability Within Remploy 134 Conclusions 139 Chapter 7 Autism in the Twentieth Century: An Evolution of a Controversial Condition 147 Introduction 147 Early History of Autism 149 Contextualising Children 150 Diagnosing Autism: The Introduction of Standardised Manuals 151 DSM 5: Autism in the Twenty-First Century 153 The Genetic Revolution 155 The Challenge of Anti and Critical Psychiatry 157 Neurodiversity: Empowering Autism 160 Drawing Conclusions: Our Personal View of Autism in the Twentieth Century 163 Chapter 8 Challenging Psychiatric Classification: Healthy Autistic Diversity the Neurodiversity Movement 176 Introduction 176 The Neurodiversity Movement 179 Autism as a Diagnostic Category 180 The Position of the NDM 182 Opposing Elimination and Cure 182 Use of Neurocentric/Medical Models 183 Objections to Diagnosis as a Category of Disorder 185 Embracing Labels: Being or Having? 188 Diverse Perspectives Within Social Health and Survivor Movements 189 Conclusions 191 Chapter 9 The National Schizophrenia Fellowship: Charity, Caregiving and Strategies of Coping, 1960–1980 197 Introduction 197 On Our Own, with the Medical Authorities 200 Stigma and Feelings of Loneliness 202 A Plea for Action 204 Feelings of Support 207 Better Together 210 Conclusions 213 Chapter 10 ‘(Un)healthy Minds’ and Visual and Tactile Arts, c.1900–1950 218 Introduction 218 Viewing Art, Psychological Health and the Restorative Function of Colour and Form 221 Modern Art, Madness and Appropriating Mental Illness 226 Art and Craft-Making Practices as Occupational Therapy 231 Art Therapy: Painting, Expression and Agency 234 Conclusions 239 Chapter 11 The Myth of Dream-Hacking and ‘Inner Space’ in Science Fiction, 1948–2010 246 Introduction 246 1948–1966: The Emergence of a Genre 249 1981–1990: The Second Age of Inner Space 256 2000–2010: The Breakthrough of a Genre 261 Conclusions: ‘Which Way to Inner Space?’ (J. G. Ballard, 1962) 267 Index 273 Front Matter ....Pages i-xiii Introduction to Healthy Minds: Mental Health Practice and Perception in the Twentieth Century (Steven J. Taylor, Alice Brumby)....Pages 1-16 ‘The Holy War Against Alcohol’: Alcoholism, Medicine and Psychiatry in Ireland, c. 1890–1921 (Alice Mauger)....Pages 17-52 Social Stigma, Stress and Enforced Transition in Specialist Epilepsy Services 1905–1965 (Rachel Hewitt)....Pages 53-72 Planning for the Future: Special Education and the Creation of ‘Healthy Minds’ (Steven J. Taylor)....Pages 73-93 Healthy Minds and Intellectual Disability (Jan Walmsley)....Pages 95-111 Sheltered Employment and Mental Health in Britain: Remploy c.1945–1981 (Andy Holroyde)....Pages 113-135 Autism in the Twentieth Century: An Evolution of a Controversial Condition (Michelle O’Reilly, Jessica Nina Lester, Nikki Kiyimba)....Pages 137-165 Challenging Psychiatric Classification: Healthy Autistic Diversity and the Neurodiversity Movement (Erika Dyck, Ginny Russell)....Pages 167-187 The National Schizophrenia Fellowship: Charity, Caregiving and Strategies of Coping, 1960–1980 (Alice Brumby)....Pages 189-209 ‘(Un)healthy Minds’ and Visual and Tactile Arts, c.1900–1950 (Imogen Wiltshire)....Pages 211-238 The Myth of Dream-Hacking and ‘Inner Space’ in Science Fiction, 1948–2010 (Rob Mayo)....Pages 239-265 Correction to: Healthy Minds in the Twentieth Century (Steven J. Taylor, Alice Brumby)....Pages C1-C1 Back Matter ....Pages 267-274 This open access edited collection contributes a new dimension to the study of mental health and psychiatry in the twentieth century. It takes the present literature beyond the ‘asylum and after’ paradigm to explore the multitude of spaces that have been permeated by concerns about mental well-being and illness. The chapters in this volume consciously attempt to break down institutional walls and consider mental health through the lenses of institutions, policy, nomenclature, art, lived experience, and popular culture. The book adopts an international scope covering the historical experiences of Britain, Ireland, and North America. In accordance with this broad approach, contributions to the volume span academic fields such as history, arts, literary studies, sociology, and psychology, mirroring the diversity of the subject matter. https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/30042 "This open access edited collection contributes a new dimension to the study of mental health and psychiatry in the twentieth century. It takes the present literature beyond the 'asylum and after' paradigm to explore the multitude of spaces that have been permeated by concerns about mental well-being and illness. The chapters in this volume consciously attempt to break down institutional walls and consider mental health through the lenses of institutions, policy, nomenclature, art, lived experience, and popular culture. The book adopts an international scope covering the historical experiences of Britain, Ireland, and North America. In accordance with this broad approach, contributions to the volume span academic fields such as history, arts, literary studies, sociology, and psychology, mirroring the diversity of the subject matter"--Back cover