Healthy ageing in Asia : culture and tradition in prevention and wellness

Asia is the world’s most populous region and has the highest per capita number of older people in the world. It is also home to the healthy ageing traditions of Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine and the rich regional traditions of Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. This book addresses policies related to ageing, traditional Asian approaches to ageing, an integrated medical system approaches to ageing, ageing in place, and community empowerment. Features Presents information on The 100-Year Life. As a counterpoint to focussing on the frail elderly, Japan is promoting the ‘100-Year Life Society’, a societal model in which all citizens are dynamically engaged and productive throughout the lifespan to reach a healthy 100 years of age. Discusses a framework for optimization of Ageing in Place or staying at home as this is a desired option for most older people. Presents evidence for exercise and movement in healthy aging with guidelines in different states of ageing. Features information on how to improve mental wellbeing in cognitive decline, isolation and loneliness, poor nutrition, and reduced mobility. Creates an understanding of loss and bereavement through processes and the impact of loss. Provides information on developments in health technology to optimize efficiency, accuracy, and effectiveness of providers. Details health insurance options including coverage for traditional as well as modern medical services, provides models for other countries in the region. Lists coping skills or abilities to help older people to be more independent and in control of their lives. Features information on Asian herbs, spices and foods in healthy ageing across the lifepsan and specifically in addressing age-related health issues. "What is required is a new culture based on the science in which older people are expected to remain, or become increasingly active, physically, cognitively and emotionally maintaining or strengthening a strong sense of purpose. Europe is looking to Asia because this culture is more prevalent there than in Europe. The core theme is not one of ‘caring’ for a passive subset of the population but of promoting lifelong learning because knowledge is the elixir of life." - Professor Sir Muir Gray, Founding Director, The Optimal Ageing Programme & Professor in the Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgement Editors Contributors Chapter 1 Healthy Ageing in Asia during the COVID Pandemic COVID Pandemic in the Elderly The Chapters of the Book Conclusion References Chapter 2 An Integrated Approach to Creating Healthy Ageing in the Nation: A Malaysian Perspective Introduction Health Challenges of Ageing Healthy Ageing Integration Approach Conclusion References Chapter 3 Challenges of Holistic Healthcare System for Ageing Population in Malaysia Demography How We Are Meeting the Needs Challenges to Our System References Chapter 4 Policy Development on Ageing in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges Introduction Demography of Ageing Policies and Programmes on Ageing Pre-Independence to 1994 1995–2010 2011 to Present Overview of Major Programmes and Services for Older Persons Health Finance Housing Social Participation Transport and Others Policy Issues, Challenges and Recommendations Health Care, Social Care and Long-Term Care for Older Persons Income Security and Financing Old Age Assistive Technology, Built and Social Environments Conclusion References Chapter 5 Enriching the Lives of Seniors in Japan (Ikigai Healthy Ageing Policy in Japan) The Problem of the Best Longevity Country in the World Government Policies for Supporting “100-Year Life Society” Key Values to Live Longer with a Healthy Body and Mind – ikigai Challenges for Creating Innovation for the Well-Ageing Society Well-Ageing Society Summit Asia-Japan Regional Councils on Healthcare Industry of Next Generation and Other Organizations Challenge for Co-Creation of Wellness Tourism Socio-industrial Structural Changes Required: Expectations for the Future Chapter 6 South Korea’s Prospect for Aging and Preparation for the Future: Focusing on the Korean Traditional Medicine in the National Health Insurance Introduction Rapid Change in Population Structure Current Status of Korean Traditional Medicine Korean Medicine Status of Korean Medical Institutions Current Status of Korean Medicine Health Insurance Problems of Korean Medicine Health Insurance with Aging A Rapid Growth in the Usage of Korean Medicine The Increase in the Duplicate Use of Western Medicine and Korean Medicine Lack of Coverage of Korean Medicine Health Insurance Measures for Korean Medicine Health Insurance with Aging Expanding Korean Medicine Health Insurance Benefits for the Aged Expansion of Western Medicine and Korean Medicine Collaborative Care Other Future Measures for Aging Conclusion References Chapter 7 The Triple Response to Population Ageing: Systems, Networks and Culture Change Perspectives from the UK and Europe Introduction The Science of Living Longer The Evidence Base for Living Longer Better The System Century The Aims of the System The Objectives Creating Networks Creating the Right Culture References Chapter 8 The Health and Well-Being of the Left-Behind Elderly in Rural China Introduction Factors Impacting the Left-Behind Elderly Phenomenon in China Wealth Inequality Rapid Urbanization The Hukou System Rural Pension System The One-Child Policy The Impact of Rural Migration on the Health and Well-Being of Left-Behind Elderly Understanding the Complex Impact of Adult-Child Migration on the Well-Being of Their Parents The Number of Children Who Have Migrated Who Has Migrated and for How Long Change in Workload and Responsibilities Differences in Vulnerability The Role of Rural HealthCare: Access and Quality The Capacity of Rural Healthcare for Multi-Morbidities among Elderly Patients The Influence of Neoliberalism The Role of Agency, Recuperation, Social Cohesion, and Social Capital in the Health of Left-Behind Elderly Conclusions References Chapter 9 The Definition of TM: Perspectives from WHO and Countries across Asia Introduction Definition of Traditional Medicine Perspective from WHO Perspective from the Asian Countries Located in the WPR Perspective from the Asian Countries Located in the SEAR Perspective from the Asian Countries Located in the EMR Perspective from the Asian Countries Located in the EUR Perspective from Taiwan Discussion Conclusion References Chapter 10 Traditional Malay Ulam for Healthy Ageing Introduction Antidiabetic Activity Antihypertensive Activity Antihyperlipidaemic Activity Anticancer Activity Protective Effect for Cognitive Decline and Dementia Conclusion and Recommendation References Chapter 11 The Value of TCM in Health Preservation in Healthy Ageing A Good Quality and Sufficient Sleep Eat on Time and Eat Local and Seasonal Food Good Conjugal Love for Health and Longevity Chapter 12 The Value of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion of Hua Tuo Five-Animal Play with Traditional Chinese Medicine Conduction Exercise (Dao Yin) and Hua Tuo Five-Animal Play Connotation in TCM Connotation in Modern Medicine Connotation in TCM Connotation in Modern Medicine Connotation in TCM Connotation in Modern Medicine Connotation in TCM Connotation in Modern Medicine Connotation in TCM Connotation in Modern Medicine Practising Essentials of Hua Tuo Five-Animal Play Chapter 13 An Ayurvedic Approach for Healthy Ageing Introduction Ayurvedic Aspect Ayurveda- An Answer to Healthy Ageing Conclusion References Chapter 14 Principles and Practice of Yoga for Rejuvenation Introduction What Is Yoga Astanga Yoga Yama and Niyama Role of Yama and Niyama in Rejuvenation Asana How Asana Rejuvenates Pranayama (Yogic Breathing Technique) Physiology of Puraka-Kumbhaka-Rechaka How Pranayama Rejuvenates Pratyahara (Sensorial Transcendence) How Pratyahara Rejuvenates Dharana (Concentration), Dhyana (Meditation), and Samadhi (Super-Conscious Stage/Enlightenment) How Meditation Helps in Rejuvenation Conclusion References Chapter 15 Rapid Ageing in Thailand and Implications for Thai Traditional Medicine The Ageing Society of Thailand Thai Traditional Medicine The Role of Thai Traditional Medicine for the Health Care of the Elderly Traditional and Herbal Medicines Nuad Thai (Traditional Thai Massage) Hot Herbal Compress Herbal Poultice for Knee Osteoarthritis Health Promotion Activities Conclusion References Chapter 16 Health Benefits of Exercise for Older People: The Research Evidence and Approaches to Maximize Participation Introduction Evidence, Gaps and Future Research Conclusion References Chapter 17 Discussion on Principles and Methods of Tai Chi Qigong in Preventing Falling Among the Elderly Chapter 18 Integrated Management in Elderly Main Differences Between Chinese and Western Medicine Advantages of Integrated Management in Elderly Basic Principles and Strategies of Integrated Management Features of Integrated Management in Common Diseases of the Elderly Coronary Heart Disease Congestive Cardiac Failure Stroke Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Arthritis, Osteoporosis Hypertension Diabetes Dyslipidemia Renal Failure Chapter 19 Mental Health and Healthy Aging – Prevention and Management Introduction Aging and Mental Health in Malaysia COVID- 19: Mental Health and the Elderly A Life Span Approach to Understand Mental Health Wellness Pathways Nutrition Exercise Yoga Tai Chi Dance The Arts Music Art & Art Therapy Social Support Nature and the Environment Japan’s Ikigai Japan’s One Hundred Year Life Program Bibliography Chapter 20 Laughter Is the Best Therapy for Happiness and Healthy Life Expectancy Introduction The Associations between Psychological Stress and Diseases Sex and Age Differences in Laughter Laughter and Pain Associations of Laughter with Lifestyle-Related Diseases Associations of Laughter with Functional Disability and Mortality Effects of Laughter on Lifestyle and Physical and Psychological Health Factors Associated with Increased Laughter in Daily Life Conclusion References Chapter 21 Impact of Music Therapy on Complicated Grief Reactions in Elderly Persons Introduction Dimension of Problem Terminology Issues Prevalence Consequences and Comorbidity Treatment and Ethical Issues Aim Methodology Results. Individual Case Discussion Conclusion References Chapter 22 Empowering the Community in Healthy Ageing Introduction Definition of Empowerment Model of Empowerment Linear Empowerment Process Model Contextual Behavioral Empowerment Model The Social Work Model for Empowerment Oriented Practice The Iterative Empowerment Process Model Empowerment in Malaysia Economic Dimension (Productive Ageing) Environment Dimension (Supportive Ageing) Health Dimension (Healthy Ageing) Social Dimension (Active Ageing) Spiritual Dimension (Positive Ageing) Challenges in Empowerment Physical Accessibility Barrier Economic Barrier Social Barriers Unfriendly Nature of Healthcare Environment Barriers Conclusion Note References Chapter 23 Aging in Place: Beyond the Home Aging Successfully: Key to Aging in Place Safe and Enabling Homes Age-Friendly Environments Outside the Home Pitfalls of the Digital Age Conclusion References Chapter 24 Mapping Healthy Ageing Start-ups: The Role of Accelerators and Incubators in Supporting Innovation for Prevention and Wellness in Southeast Asia Introduction Technology for Health What is a Start-up? A snapshot of Asian Start-ups Tackling Healthy Ageing Challenges Accelerators and Incubators A Snapshot of Accelerators/Incubators in Asia Knowledge Translation in Health Prevention and Wellness Problematization Interessement Enrolment Mobilization Dementia-Friendly Design: The Desert Rose House and iAccelerate – A Case Study Methodology Critical and Collective Reflexivity Privacy Master Bedroom Bathroom Kitchen Conclusion References Chapter 25 Translational Research: A Novel Yam Protein with Tremendous Potential for Menopausal Syndrome Introduction Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for Menopausal Symptoms Population Aging in Mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, Asia, Europe, and the USA Estrogen, Healthy Aging, and Longevity Isolation of Estrogenic and Osteogenic Protein DOI from Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Rhizomes Characterization of DOI from Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Rhizomes Stimulatory Effect of DOI on Viability of Normal Cells (Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Mouse Splenocytes) and Its Suppressive Effect on Cancer Cells (Ovarian Cancer OVCA-429 Cells and Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells) Estradiol-Stimulating Effect of DOI In Vitro Estradiol-Stimulating Effect of DOI In Vivo Stimulatory Effect of DOI on Expression of FSHR and Aromatase In Vivo Stimulatory Effect of DOI on Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture Stimulatory Effect of DOI on Expression of BDNF and Its Receptor TrkB gp145 in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Brain DOI-Like Proteins from Other Dioscorea Species Discussion Acknowledgments References Chapter 26 Conclusion – The Way Forward Index of Countries Index of Policies & Legislation Index of Herbal Plants Index of Practices Subject Index Index of Name